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The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.

本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法，研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami，RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ，GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum，NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis，DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP，5μg)，注射当天睡眠时间略有减少，第二日睡眠时间显著减少，觉醒时间明显增多，第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加，觉醒时间减少；而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid， L-Glu， 0.2μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline，BIC，1.0μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen，BAC，1.0μg)后，产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg，0.5μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间略有减少，但无显著性意义；而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside，SNP，0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间，缩短睡眠时间；微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine，L-NNA，2.0μg)后，引起睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用；RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后，与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠，其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate，MOR，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加； RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride，NAL，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少；RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue，MB，1.0μg)后，与NS组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 0.2μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多；大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide， MS， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine，PCPA，10μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少；大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg)，产生睡眠增多效应后，在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan ， 5-HTP， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多。

N6 Go go go go Go go go shawty It''s your birthday We gon party like it''s yo birthday We gon sip Bacardi like it''s your birthday And you know we don''t give a ** It''s not your birthday Go go go go Go go go !

小甜心，这是你的生日我们聚在一起就象这是你的生日！我们喝百加德就象这是你的生日！你知道其实我们也不在乎这是不是你的生日！

Go go go go Go go go shawty It''s your birthday We gon party like it''s yo birthday We gon sip Bacardi like it''s your birthday And you know we don''t give a ** It''s not your birthday Go go go go Go go go !

小甜心，这是你的生日我们聚在一起就象这是你的生日！我们喝百加德就象这是你的生日！你知道其实我们也不在乎这是不是你的生日！

Http://wenny.tloo.cn/indaclub.mp3 Go go go go Go go go shawty It''s your birthday We gon party like it''s yo birthday We gon sip Bacardi like it''s your birthday And you know we don''t give a ** It''s not your birthday Go go go go Go go go !

小甜心，这是你的生日我们聚在一起就象这是你的生日！我们喝百加德就象这是你的生日！你知道其实我们也不在乎这是不是你的生日！

How is collective action brought about? This perennial question has been approached from different angles. Structuralists insist that structure is the source of collective action, that structure gives rise to ideology which in turn determines collective action. Utilitarians maintain that only the community with shared benefits can engender collective action, and rational individuals may throw collective action into predicament. Constructionists are of the opinion that people act on the basis of the meanings derived from social construction, and that social mobilization is needed for such collective action.

结构主义者认为结构才是集体行动的本源，结构决定了意识形态从而也决定了集体行动；功利主义认为有着共同利益的群体成员才有集体行动的可能，但个人理性会令集体行动陷入困境；而建构主义则认为人们是依据意义的社会建构来采取行动的，但集体行动所需的共同意识、资源、成员都需要组织者积极动员，除了群体的意义建构在影响集体行动，行动者的理性也仍然在考察不断变化的周围世界的基础上参与行动抉择。

Part two Part two Okay lets do this here again in front of all of your friends I need a little room but dont go Cant be too far youre the star of my show And you dont need a mike to move the crowd Dont need a spotlight you smile, They wanna see the love we sold out I bet when its over, they go wow They know what it is, what it is Hard to end up with a couple of kids When they say, and the winner is They gonna be calling our card for the love again Give them what they want Show them how to love They want something new They want love part two They see action and lights They want that in their life They want love like us coz its new They want the love part two, part two The winners you this year,again A round of applause from all of them They try to memorise your lines I know you by heart, coz youre mine You dont need a crowd to do the show Dont even need the script coz you know That even when the lights go out The show must go on So I Give them what they want Show them how to love They want something new They want love part two They see action and lights They want that in their life They want love like us coz its new They want the love part two Its like a replay love Cut off that he she say love Turn up that make me stay love Its all that i want Somebody show your love Somebody out there want your love They stay through all of part one I know what they want, what they want Give them what they want Show them how to love They want something new They want love part two They see action and lights They want that in their life They want love like us coz its new They want the love part two What they want Show them how to love They want something new They want love part two They see action and lights They want that in their life They want love like us coz its new They want the love part two They want the love part two They want the love part two Baby,They want the love part two They want the love part two Love part two They want the love part two They want the love part two

第二部分第二部分这样好让这里的所有朋友面前再次我需要一个小房间但是dont去也不容过于youre我的一颗明星和你不需要一麦克风移动人群 dont需要聚光灯你微笑，他们希望看到我们的爱售罄我敢打赌，当它结束了，他们走哇他们知道它是什么，它是什么很难最终形成了两个孩子当他们说，获奖者是他们gonna是要求我们的爱再次卡给他们他们想要的东西告诉他们如何爱他们希望新的东西他们希望爱第二部分他们看到行动和灯光他们希望在他们的生活他们希望像我们这样的堂妹爱新他们希望爱第二部分，第二部分优胜者你今年再次来自所有这些全面的掌声他们试图记住您的线路我知道你的心，我的堂妹youre 你不需要人群做节目 Dont甚至需要脚本堂妹你知道这甚至当灯熄灭该比赛必须继续进行因此，我给他们他们想要的东西告诉他们如何爱他们希望新的东西他们希望爱第二部分他们看到行动和灯光他们希望在他们的生活他们希望像我们这样的堂妹爱新他们希望爱第二部分它像一个重放的爱切断她说，他爱打开了，使我留下的爱它的一切，我希望有人展示你的爱有人在那里要你的爱他们通过各种逗留第一部分我知道他们想要什么，他们想要的东西给他们他们想要的东西告诉他们如何爱他们希望新的东西他们希望爱第二部分他们看到行动和灯光他们希望在他们的生活他们希望像我们这样的堂妹爱新他们希望爱第二部分他们想要的东西告诉他们如何爱他们希望新的东西他们希望爱第二部分他们看到行动和灯光他们希望在他们的生活他们希望像我们这样的堂妹爱新他们希望爱第二部分他们希望爱第二部分他们希望爱第二部分婴儿，他们希望爱第二部分他们希望爱第二部分爱第二部分他们希望爱第二部分他们希望爱第二部分

Social action to help the poor should have the following characteristics:the poor should see themselves as the source of the action;the action should effect in major ways the preconceptions of institutions and persons who define the poor;the action should demand much in effect or skill;the action should be successful and the successful self-originated important action should increase the feeling of potential worth and individual power of individuals who are poor.

帮助穷人的社会行为应该具有以下特点：穷人应把他们自己当作行动的源泉；行为应该以更多的方式影响社会团体和那些确定穷人范围者的偏见；行动应该在作用或技能方面多提要求；行动应当成功，成功的、自发的重要行动将增强穷人的潜在价值感以及穷人的个体力量。

Take em\' to the bridge Dirty babe You see these shackles Baby I\'m your slave I\'ll let you whip me if I misbehave It\'s just that no one makes me feel this way Take em\' to the chorus Come here girl Go ahead, be gone with it Come to the back Go ahead, be gone with it VIP Go ahead, be gone with it Drinks on me Go ahead, be gone with it Let me see what you\'re working with Go ahead, be gone with it Look at those hips Go ahead, be gone with it You make me smile Go ahead, be gone with it Go ahead child Go ahead, be gone with it And get your sexy on Go ahead, be gone with it Get your sexy on Go ahead, be gone with it

请带我去的桥梁肮脏的宝贝你看这些束缚宝贝我的奴隶我会告诉您鞭打我，如果我行为不当这只是没有人让我感到这种方式请带我去合唱团来到这里的女孩来吧，是与它去来到回来吧，是与它去贵宾来吧，是与它去我的饮料来吧，是与它去让我看看你的工作与来吧，是与它去看看那些臀部来吧，是与它去你让我微笑来吧，是与它去来吧孩子来吧，是与它去和你的性感来吧，是与它去让您的性感来吧，是与它去

Strangle your hold Don't let me go Until I want what you want Pray for the strength keep it in place Promise to God you won't I've got faith in you to lose yours in me Like you say though before you go "I should probably be letting you go" Acting the part never that hard Memorize the lines on your face now I've got faith in you to lose all of mine Like you say though before you go "I should probably be letting you go" We know things always happen for no reason at all You say though before you go "I should probably be letting you go" I've got faith in you to lose yours in me You say though before you go "I should probably be letting you go" Well, I should probably be letting you go

掐死你的人不要让我走直到我想你想要的祈祷的力量随时到位承诺上帝你不会我有信心，你失去你我但像你说你去之前&我也许应该让你去&代理的一部分从来没有那么难记住你的脸就行现在我有信心，你失去所有的地雷但像你说你去之前&我也许应该让你去&我们知道，事情总是发生的没有理由你说你去之前，尽管&我也许应该让你去&我有信心，你失去你我你说你去之前，尽管&我也许应该让你去&好吧，我也许应该让你去

The approximate structure of nonlinear action of climatic atmosphere and ocean is: the nonlinear action decreases usually with increasing latitude, which is related to the role of the Coriolis force in fluid motion; the nonlinear action changes with the anomalous cyclonic or anticyclonic circulation shear, for instance, when the strength of anomalous eastward zonal circulation is comparable to that of anomalous meridional circulation, the nonlinear action is the strongest; wind stress plus gradient forces enhance the nonlinear action, etc..

气候海洋与大气非线性作用的大致结构是：通常与科里奥利力对流体运动的规范作用有关，非线性作用随纬度增加而减弱。距平流场的切变结构及其沿经向与纬向上强度的比较直接改变气候大气和海洋的非线性作用(比如，向东的距平环流强度与经向环流强度相当时，非线性作用最强)，较强的外部驱动使非线性作用加大等等。

Article 144 The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall maintain the policy previously practised in Hong Kong in respect of subventions for non-governmental organizations in fields such as education, medicine and health, culture, art, recreation, sports, social welfare and social

第一百四十四条香港特别行政区政府保持原在香港实行的对教育、医疗卫生、文化、艺术、康乐、体育、社会福利、社会工作等方面的民间团体机构的资助政策。原在香港各资助机构任职的人员均可根据原有制度继续受聘。

Small wonder, then, that the Chinese spend more in the shop than any other group of foreign visitors do .

这样的小惊喜，使中国顾客比任何国家的人消费得更多。