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There is a gap between what we can in principle be given in perception and any belief about the past. And because in principle we could never be given anything about the past directly, the gap is one that no justified a posteriori inference could bridge. For anything to which we could appeal in support of a hypothesis about the connection between the past and present will simply give us more information about the present. Thus, unless our conception of the past is a form of idealism analogous to phenomenalism regarding the external world, skepticism follows.

在'原则上我们在感知中被给予的'和'任何关于过去的信念'之间有一个gap，又因为在原则上我们不能被直接给予过去的东西，这个gap就没有一个后天『a posteriori』inference能架桥辩护，因为任何可诉诸以支持关于过去和当前的关联的假说的东西，也不过是给我们更多关于当前的信息，如此，除非我们对过去的概念是类似关于外在世界的现象论的这种观念论的一个形式，否则怀疑论就会得到。

The effects of the linear birefringence and incident polarizing angle upon the performance of a bulk glass optical current sensor are derived and analyzed, a modulation formula to describe the influences of the linear birefringence to the output signal of the sensor is given.The effect of the incident polarizing angle upon the performance of the system and the condition to determine if or not it can exert the influence are also given.

对线性双折射及入射起偏角对光学玻璃电流传感器输出特性的影响进行了理论推导与分析，给出了光学玻璃电流传感器在非理想状态下线性双折射对输出电压的调制函数的数学表达式，并给出了入射起偏角对系统影响的数学表达式及其对系统有无影响的条件。

A new method to correct the Rayleigh scattering effect by using NCEP reanalyzed data set was given. The aerosol optical thickness and surface albedo distribution in 670nm and 865nm over north of China were also given by using POLDER level-1B data, and some results were compared with that of by other method and seem to be reasonable.

六。在敏感性分析和模拟反演的基础上提出了完整的利用偏振反射率和总反射率同时反演陆地上空大气气溶胶光学厚度和地表反射率的方案，提出利用NCEP资料订正由海拔高度引起的Rayleigh散射变化的具体方法，并利用POLDER的Level 1B资料进行实际反演计算，给出我国华北地区气溶胶光学厚度和地表反射率的区域分布，并进行了对比验证分析，取得了比较合理的定量结果。

We introduce convex,and in particular semidefinite,optimization methods,duality and complexity theory to shed new light to this relation for the single stock problem, given moments of the prices of the underlying assets,we show that we can find best possible bounds on option prices with general payoff funcations efficiently,either algorithmically(solving a semidefinite optimization problem)or in closed form, conversely,given observable option prices,we provide best possible bounds on moments of the prices of the underlying assets,as well as on the prices of the other options on the same asset by sovling linear optimization problems for options that are affected by multiple stocks either directly(the payoff of the option depends on multiple stocks)or indirectly(we have information on correlations between stock prices),we find on-optimal bounds using convex optimization methods,however,we show that it is NP-hard to find best possible bounds in multiple dimensions,we extend our results to incorporate transactions costs,this paper,in theory and practice can provide a reference to researchers and designers about Chinese financial derivative products,the full text is divided into six chapters as follows: ChapterⅠ:Papers on the background and significance of the subjects on a number of option pricing models as well as their advantages and shortcomings of the model and describes the status of research and writing papers and the main contents of the basic idea.

相应地，给定期权价格，也能够出标的资产瞬时价格的最有可能的最好的界。还有通过解决一个线性最优化问题，根据同一标的资产的其他期权的价格来找到这个期权的界值，对于期权受到多种股票价格直接影响(期权的收益依赖于多种股票)或者间接影响(我们有股票之间联系的有用信息)，如果使用凸规划方法我们就会发现没有最优的界，也能够证明对于多维情形确实是很难找到最优的最有可能的界值，最后将这一结论推广到考虑交易成本的情况。本文在理论和实践上给我国金融衍生产品研究者和设计者提供一定的参考。全文共分为六章，具体安排如下：第一章：阐述论文的选题背景和意义，介绍期权定价的一些模型以及这些模型的优点与缺点，并介绍国内外研究的现状以及论文的写作基本思路与主要内容。

The performance or return promise may be given to the promisor or to some other person. It may be given by the promisee or by some other person.

履行或者回报诺言可以给予诺言人，也可以给予他人；可以由受诺人提供，也可以由他人提供。

This example works as well as an example of deflation, since if we are given the person as distressed, it is difficult to see how we could be given the pure geometry of the relevant body parts.

这个例子和deflation的例子同样起作用，因为如果我们被给予了他者的悲伤，难以明白我们如何能被给予相关躯体部分的纯粹几何学/外形。

In chapter five, combined with the queuing theory and Markov process, the supply chain stochastic model is established, and the steady balanceable distribution is solved. The supply chain items are given and the different parameters'impact to these items and whole cost are analyzed. The optimal inventory control strategy is given at last.

第五章将排队论、马尔可夫过程与供应链模型相结合，建立了供应链随机库存模型，求解了平稳分布，给出了供应链指标，并分析了不同参数对指标和整体成本的影响，提出了最优的库存控制策略。

That calculated the result of raising a given number to a given power to use appropriate using declarations rather than accessing library names through a std:: prefix.

用适当的 using声明，而不用 std：：，访问标准库中名字的方法，重新编写第 2.3节的程序，计算一给定数的给定次幂的结果。

The dissertation will study some problems in stream ciphers. The main results that the author obtained are as follows:(1) The concept of fuzzy linear complexity is presented initially. The estimation problem of the fuzzy linear complexity of the random vector is studied, and a lot of upper bounds are given. The limit properties of fuzzy linear complexity of random vector are studied, and the limit theorem and the limit of variance of the fuzzy linear complexity of random vector are given.(2) The concept of fuzzy nonlinear complexity is presented initially.

本文在前人工作的基础上对序列密码中的一些问题进行了研究；所取得的主要研究成果综述如下：（1）首次提出了模糊线性复杂度的概念，对随机向量的模糊线性复杂度的均值进行了估计，给出了几个上界估计公式，并研究了随机向量模糊线性复杂度的极限性质，给出了随机向量模糊线性复杂度的极限定理及其方差的极限。

The estimation problem of the fuzzy nonlinear complexity of the random vector is studied, and some upper bounds are given. The limit properties of fuzzy nonlinear complexity of random vector are studied, and the limit theorem and the upper bound of variance limit of the fuzzy nonlinear complexity of random vector are given.(3) Enumeration of lst-order correlation-immune functions is discussed further.

首次提出了模糊非线性复杂度的概念，对随机向量的模糊非线性复杂度的均值进行了估计，给出了若干上界估计公式，并研究了随机向量模糊非线性复杂度的极限性质，给出了随机向量模糊非线性复杂度的极限定理及其方差极限的上界。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。