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The electrodes emitted from a hot cathode (3) and needed for irradiation are focused and then pulsed with waves at a given predefined frequency in an acceleration unit. The electrons are emitted at a given frequency from the irradiation device and directed towards the item (5) to be irradiated.

从用于照射目的而所需的白炽阴极（3）发出的电子在加速器装置中利用特定的可预先确定的频率的波聚焦并形成脉冲，并以特定的频率从电子发射装置发出，并被引导到要被照射的物品（5）上。

In order to refine a method for defence against at least one attack made by means of differential power analysis on at least one hyperelliptic cryptosystem, in particular at least one hyperelliptic public key cryptosystem, which is given by at least one hyperelliptic curve of any genus over a finite field in a first group, where the hyperelliptic curve is given by at least one co-efficient, so that an essential contribution can be made towards an efficient and secure implementation of the hyperelliptic cryptosystem, it is proposed that the hyperelliptic curve and/or at least one element of the first group, in particular at least one in particular reduced divisor and/or at least one intermediate result of a scalar multiplication, is randomised.

为了改进用于防御在至少一个超椭圆密码系统中、特别是在至少一个超椭圆公共密钥密码系统中通过微分功率分析作出的至少一个攻击的方法，该超椭圆公共密钥密码系统是通过在第一组中有限域中任何种类的至少一个超椭圆曲线给出的，其中超椭圆曲线由至少一个系数给出，以使得可以对于超椭圆密码系统的有效而安全的实施方案作出重要的贡献，提出将超椭圆曲线和/或第一组的至少一个元素、特别是至少一个特定的减小的除数和/或标量乘法的至少一个中间结果进行随机化。

From the conception of administration of intangible assets, including the definition, main characteristic , the importance of administration of intangible assets is clarified and introduce the theory of human resource and technological innovation about intangible assets, then, I put forward some question in the administration of intangible assets in our country. I explain questions on administration of intangible assets, which are exploiting and using .Attention is paid on exploiting technology and brand. As for using intangible assets, explanation are given to absorption of venture investment , hypothecated loan for financing by assets, absorption of foreign investment. At last, the method is given to assess the administration of intangible assets.

本文从无形资产经营的界定谈起，对无形资产经营的涵义、主要特征进行阐述，论述了无形资产经营的重要意义，并且介绍了无形资产经营相关理论；然后针对我国无形资产经营发展状况，提出我国无形资产经营方面存在的问题；接着，本文从无形资产开发和利用方面探讨了无形资产经营问题，其中对无形资产开发问题着重关注技术、品牌等无形资产的开发问题，在无形资产利用问题中探讨了多种运用无形资产的方式：利用无形资产吸引风险投资、利用无形资产进行融资担保、通过特许经营利用无形资产、利用无形资产吸引外商资金、转让无形资产所有权等；最后，本文针对无形资产的经营提出评价其经营结果的方法。

Achievements which are achieved by scientific research of predecessors are summarized. Some methods of how to generate self-similar process and a few means of estimating self-similar parameter are given. Self-similar traffics are generated by using of ON/OFF model with heavy-tailed distribution and results are given. The results of experiment accord with the theory. This identicalness indicates that the method of getting results by using of ON/OFF model is feasible.

本文总结了前人的研究成果，给出了几种常见产生自相似的方法和几种估计自相似参数的方法，并对ON/OFF模型叠加产生自相似业务进行了仿真实验，得到了实验结果，从实验结果可以看出，仿真结果和理论值比较接近，这说明利用ON/OFF模型叠加产生自相似业务是可行的。

Secondly, the paper is expanded from follow three aspects: the virtual design, the virtual process and the product data managementduring the developing the torque converter. Applying the key technique of concurrent engineering---design for function, design for assemblyand design for manufactureof the method of design for "X", the virtual design of the torque converter is accomplished in CATIA V5. Then the model constitution and the simulation of virtual process of the torque converter is done in CATIA V5, including the model constitution and the simulation of 5-aixe NC virtual process of the vane, the model constitution（material:PVC） of the idler pulley rapid prototypingand the virtual assembly and the motion simulation of the torque converter, etc. 3-D data exchange between various CAD systems is realized by using STEP standard. The lever of classing the character model of the torque converter is given. And the access authorization is set up and given to manage the partners' reading/writing the product data.

应用并行工程的关键技术之一——面向产品全生命周期的设计DFX中面向功能的设计DFF、面向装配的设计DFA和面向制造的设计DFM的方法，在CATIA V5中完成液力变矩器虚拟设计；在CATIA V5中对液力变矩器进行虚拟加工建模和仿真，包括液力变矩器导轮叶片五轴数控加工刀轨建模与仿真、导轮快速成型RP建模、液力变矩器虚拟装配和运动仿真等；采用STEP标准实现多CAD系统之间三维数据交换，提出液力变矩器特征模型的分级标准并对三维模型数据进行分级管理，制定相应的权限等级以规范合作厂家的产品数据管理层次。

Evaluation of a literal yields an object of the given type (string, bytes, integer, floating point number, complex number) with the given value. The value may be approximated in the case of floating point and imaginary literals. See section 字面值 for details.

对字面值求值会得到一个给定值的给定类型的对象（字符串、字节、整数、浮点数和复数），如果是浮点数和虚数，那么这个值可能是个近似值，详见字面值一节的介绍。

The error models of strapdown inertial navigation system are given, and error models of low cost system are given according to the specialties of low cost IMU.

列出了捷联惯导系统的误差传递方程，并结合低成本IMU的特点，给出了低成本捷联惯导系统的误差传递方程。

In the last, the analysis and appraise are given and some advantages and disadvantages are pointed out, and next work is also given.

作者对所做工作作了简要的分析和评价，指出其中的优点和不足之处，并对后续工作做了简单的交待。

In addition, after the detailed analysis of those macro-blocks that had no forward motion estimation, the motion information is given approximatively relative to their forward reference frames. And then, a amendatory partial derivative estimation is given for the inconsecutive image blocks when occlusion and cut had happened.

另外对编码过程中未进行前向运动预测的宏块特性进行了详细的分析，给出了这些宏块相对于前向参考帧的运动信息估计方法，并对时域不连续的图像块给出了一种修正的偏导数估计方法，以此解决遮挡、切换等现象。

The experimental group was given an operation of cutting infundibulum and the contol group was given an exposure of not cutting the infundibulum.Both groups were raised under similar condition.After surviving for 30 days,the animals were killed and specimens from aorta were taken and observed under light and electron microscope.

实验组行手术切断漏斗，对照组行手术暴露但不切断漏斗，手术后2d，两组动物移至同一条件下饲养，存活30d后用1%多聚甲醛+1.25%戊二醛液从心脏灌流固定，取主动脉作光、电镜观察。

The dissecting of samples in group2 were difficult. The root of pulmonary artery and ascending aorta failed to be unfolded because fibrous tissue was tough, right and left fibrous trigone were too firm to be solved by hand. Cardiac muscle fibers couldn't be stripped along myofibrillar trajectory since they were prone to break because of their friability.

组2的心脏解剖困难，表现为纤维组织坚韧，游离肺动脉非常困难；徒手无法松解左、右纤维三角，肺动脉和主动脉根部的游离非常困难；心肌纤维坚硬、质脆，解剖时容易断离成碎块，无法沿纤维走行方向剥离。

We have battled against the odds in a province that has become increasingly violent.

我们对在一个争夺日益激烈省的可能性。