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If the results of this Agreement give rise to substantial commercial benefits to the Client, it may, at its sole discretion, make an ex gratia payment to the Consultant.

如果本协议的履行结果给客户带来实质性商业利益，客户可自行决定向咨询顾问支付一笔特惠津贴。

In particular, very little has been attempted to the illucidation of the nature of mutual interactions due to causes which give rise to internal friction.

本文试用一般的热力学不可逆的线型理论，应用了玻耳兹曼叠加原理，整理出一个较全面的有系统的普遍线型内耗理论。

Criminal discretion has two side effects:it islikely to give rise to judicial randomness on the one hand and to result injudicial corruption on the other.

刑事自由裁量权的负效应一方面表现为刑事自由裁量权容易造成司法随意性，另一方面容易造成司法腐败。

Being quite overelaborate, rail tanker measurement is subject to considerable errors which give rise to economic losses to refineries and customers.

铁路罐车的计量是一项繁琐的工作，易产生较大的误差，影响炼油企业与用户的经济利益。

Platelets: adhere to subendothelial tissue and r se PDGF which can lead to DNA synthesis and proliferation of SMCs; aggregate on the damaged site and give rise to thrombi formation.

2血小板：粘附于暴露的胶原组织，释放PDGF，促进SMC增生；在损伤部位聚集，形成血栓，此后机化造成管腔狭窄。

In fact, cells with NSCs-like properties are likely to occur throughout the adult CNS, but they are able to give rise to neurons in only a few restricted areas in vivo, i.e., the subventricular zone in the wall of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Very poor regenerative capability of the adult mammalian CNS could be explained as follows: first, theneuronal differentiation of endogenous NSCs may be inhibited by microenvironmental factors present in most areas of the adult CNS.

成年哺乳动物中枢神经系统可怜的再生能力可能主要归结于两方面的原因：第一，成年动物中枢神经系统内的大多数区域存在一些特殊的微环境因素，它们抑制了内源性神经干细胞向神经元方向的分化；第二，内源性神经干细胞的数量太少，不足以形成有效的自我修复。

Such uncertainties as human, institutional, cultural factors and harriers to entry are all likely to give rise to uncontrollability of costs, thus adding to risks.

在兼并过程中，诸如人的因素、制度的因素、文化的因素、产业的进入障碍等不确定性因素都有可能导致兼并过程成本的不可控，从而加大兼并的风险。

Now there are many modifiers used in asphalt,but most modified asphalt specification systems are set up on the foundation of base asphalt,and the central issue is how to evaluate all of the modified asphalts properly. What's more,it will give rise to misunderstanding in the application and choice of modified asphalts and it is unfair to some of them.

目前使用的改性沥青品种非常多，但现在的评价规范体系都建立在基质沥青的基础上，如何评价改性沥青，一直是人们争论的焦点，这在使用和选择改性沥青时往往会引起许多误导，对某些改性沥青的应用显得十分不公平。

This paper utilizes an understudied but often utilized aspect of initial public offerings, secondary shares, to examine whether the knowledge conditions of firms give rise to agency problems that limit the ability of founders and venture capitalists to sell equity at IPO.

本文中使用了首次公开募股中的非流通股的概念，来研究公司的知识背景是否会导致代理问题。目前这一概念被广泛引用，且仍在研究当中。这里的代理问题是指限制公司创建者和风险投资者在 IPO 中出售自己的股权。

This essay expounds that the superiority of the teacher's engagement system adopted in China's colleges and universities lies in its function to promote the reasonable circulation of qualified personnel, to break the "iron bowl"——life tenure, to give rise to teachers' competition for teaching posts and meanwhile the competition on the part of the personnel-needed units for qualified persons.

本文提出，我国高校实行教师聘任制度的优越性，在于促进人才合理流动，打破&铁饭碗&，引起教师对教职的竞争及用人单位对人才的竞争，从而充分调动人的活力，推动教学与科研的发展。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。