查询词典 germination

In order to ascertain the allelopathy of T.repens on weeds, the allelopathic effect of aqueous extract from the aerial part and root of T. repens. with different concentrations on the germination rate, physiological and biochemical mechanism of germinating seeds of Abutilon theophrasti Medic.

为进一步明确白三叶草对杂草的化感作用，研究了不同浓度的白三叶草地上部分水浸液、根系分泌物、挥发物对苘麻和稗草种子发芽率和杂草幼苗生长过程中生理生化机理的影响。

The chloroform phase was isolated into 7 phases by column chromatograpathy, and the bioassy showed that the 1 phase has strong inhibitory effect, was 91.01% on Abutilon theophrasti M., root length, 51.35%、63.93%on Echinochloa crusgalli L, seedling length and root length, and the Amaranthus retroflexux L.,germination rate is 0, the secondly was 2 phase and 5 phas, and next we continued iaolated these two phases.

用硅胶柱对氯仿组分进行分离得到7个组分，生物测定表明组分1化感作用最强，对苘麻根长抑制率为91.01%，对稗草芽长和根长的抑制率分别为51.35%、63.93%，反枝苋的发芽率为0；其次是组分2和组分5，由于组分2的含量相对较少，对组分1和组分5继续分离。

Aqueous extract of cotton has allelopathic effect on Raphanus sativus, Brassica campestris, Lactuca indica, Brassica campestris, Echinochloa crusgall, Setaria viridis and Abutilon theophrasti and its inhibition effect gradually strengthens with increasing concentration. Aqueous extracts from stems, leaves and roots of cotton inhibit or accelerate seed germination and seedling growth, and activity of enzyme of seedling root of cotton. While aqueous extracts from stems and leaves of cotton are 0.02 gmL^(-1), root length, shoot length, lateral root number and dry weight of cotton respectively increase by 10.3%, 3.1%, 22.9% and 2.4% over the control. The above mentioned indexes are lower than the control by 34.4%, 39.2%, 40.6% and 19.0% respectively as the aqueous extracts are 0.1 gmL^(-1). At the same time, root activity and SOD activity decrease by 38.2% and 36.7%, while POD activity and MDA content increase by 52.3% and 36.5%. Growth indexes of plant receptors increase at low concentrations but decrease at high concentrations of aqueous extracts. The allelopathic effect of aqueous extract of stems and leaves is stronger than that of root.

结果表明：棉花植株水浸提液对萝卜、白菜、莴苣、油菜、稗草、狗尾草、苘麻均具有化感效应，随着作用浓度增加，抑制效应逐渐加强；棉花茎叶和根系水浸提液对棉花种子萌发、幼苗生长、幼苗根系活力、根系酶活性有抑制或促进作用，当茎叶浸提液浓度为0.02 gmL^(-1)时，棉花根长、苗高、侧根数、干重分别比对照增加10.3%、3.1%、22.9%和2.4%，当浓度为0.1 gmL^(-1)时，上述指标与对照相比分别降低34.4%、39.2%、40.6%和19.0%，而根系活力、SOD活性比对照降低38.2%、36.7%，POD活性、MDA含量较对照增加52.3%和36.5%，不同浓度棉花植株水浸提液对棉花生长呈现"低促高抑"的规律，且茎叶浸提液作用效应大于根系浸提液。

It,s allelchemicals were isolated through extraction, thin-layer chromatography, and column chromatograpathy. After the white clover was infused in ethanol and evaporation, the leavings was dissolved by water. The aqueous extract was extracted by petroleum,chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-Butanol successively, and the bioassay showed that the chloroform phase has obvious inhibitory effect, the inhibitory rate was 44.32%,88.08% on Abutilon theophrasti M., seedling length and root length, 82.08%,92.16% on Echinochloa crusgalli L., seedling length and root length, and the Amaranthus retroflexux L., germination rate is 0, the secondly was ethyl acetate phase.

运用萃取、薄层层析、柱层析等方法对白三叶草地上部分的化感物质进行初步分离，结果表明，白三叶草经乙醇浸提旋转蒸发后用蒸馏水溶解，依次用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取，生物测定表明氯仿组分对杂草的抑制作用最强，对苘麻芽长和根长抑制率分别为44.32%、88.08%，对稗草芽长和根长的抑制率分别为82.08%、92.16%，反枝苋的发芽率为0；其次是乙酸乙酯相。

The results show that this strain was a typical acidophile with optimal growth pH being 2.0 for hypha and pH 3.0-4.0 for the spore germination. Peptone was the most suitable nitrogen source which helped produce xylanase induced by xylan during stationary phase. The resultant xylanase reacted best at 50℃-55℃ and pH 3.5, and had activities 70% after 60 min maintenance under optimum reaction conditions.

结果表明：实验菌株嗜酸，菌丝生长最适pH为2.0，孢子萌发生长适宜pH为3.0-4.0；木聚糖诱导菌体在生长稳定期大量产生木聚糖酶，蛋白胨是菌体产酶的适宜氮源；菌株所产木聚糖酶属于酸性木聚糖酶，反应最适pH3.5、最适温度50℃-55℃，在最适反应条件下保温60min，残余酶活仍接近70%，适用于较强酸性的高温加工环境。

Actinomycin D and tunicamycin inhibited pollen germination in the first hour,however,no reduction of the tube length was observed later.

Linskens(1970)等「SJ和Franki(1980)等【3〕证明成熟花粉中存在体外翻译活性的多核糖体及贮藏mRNA。

During the process of long-time adaptive evolution, wetland plants adopted a series of special strategies to acclimate to salt stress. The main strategies are: 1 life history adjustment, e. g., to adjust seed germination time, implement seed dormancy and viviparity, and change reproductive manner to escape from direct salt stress, 2 morphological adjustment, e. g., to adjust biomass allocation pattern, age stem, defoliate, and carnify vegetative organs to isolate the redundant Na(superscript +) to the inactive-metabolism shoots or exclude the Na(superscript +)from tissues; 3 anatomic adjustment, e. g., to sink stoma, develop aerenchyma, and thicken cuticle and phellogen to maintain normal photosynthesis and respiration; 4 physiological and biochemical adjustment, e. g., to exclude and excrete salt, compartmentalize ions, adjust osmosis, do selective absorption, regulate hormones, and induce antioxidative enzymes to maintain the osmotic equilibrium and eliminate the active oxygen in cell; and 5 molecular level adjustment, e. g., to start up many salt-induced genes to regulate the metabolic responses to salt stress.

在长期的适应进化过程中，湿地植物形成了多种适应盐胁迫的策略，主要有：1生活史方面，植物可通过种子萌发时间的调整、种子体眠、胎生、繁殖方式的改变等逃避盐度的直接伤害；2形态学方面，植物可通过生物量分配模式的调整、茎的老化、落叶及营养器官的肉质化等将多余的Na隔离到代谢不活跃的茎中或将其排出体外；3解剖学方面，植物可通过气孔下陷、发达的通气组织、增加细胞木栓层、角质层及栅栏组织的厚度等以维持植物正常的光合作用和呼吸作用；4生理生化方面，植物可通过离子区隔化、拒盐、泌盐、选择性吸收、渗透调节、激素调节及抗氧化物酶的诱导等来维持细胞内正常的渗透压，清除胞内活性氧分子；5分子水平方面，植物可通过多种与盐胁迫相关的基因来调控细胞内的多种代谢反应。

The natural distributing populations of the indigenous timber species--Cordia africana that grew in and around the area of Mizan Teferi in Ethiopia were investigated. Bulk seed samples were selected from ten phenotypically superior trees in different natural populations. They were evaluated through the performance of their half-sibs and especially examined for variability in seed morphometrics, seed germination, and seedling growth at nursery stage.

通过对埃塞俄比亚Mizan Teferi及周边地区生长的乡土用材树种--非洲破布木自然种群分布情况调查，筛选了10株生长表现型较好的优良母树，采集了大量的供试种子样品，并对其种子外部特征和在苗圃中的发芽率和种苗生长表现进行了观察和分析对比。

ResultThe differences of the effects onthe germination of 2 group seeds in afterripening and GA3treatments reached at significant level.

结果后熟、GA3处理对2组种子发芽情况的影响差异达显著水平，后熟分别使发芽率由6.67%、7.78%，提高到21.33%、33.33%；GA3处理，发芽率随GA3浓度的增加，呈现低、高、低的趋势，以GA3200mg/L处理的种子萌发效果最佳；温汤浸种、KNO3处理对2组种子发芽情况的影响差异达极显著水平，其中温汤浸种处理的种子，发芽率随水温的升高而升高，以70℃水浸种后萌发效果最优，发芽率分别由21.33%、33.33%，提高到73.33%、90%；KNO3处理组，发芽率在处理浓度为250mg/L时为最佳水平。

In afterripening treatment,the germination rates of2group seeds were increasedfrom6.67% and7.78% to21.33% and 33.33% respectively.

结论自然状态下冬葵种子发芽率极低，经后熟、低温、温汤浸种、GA3和KNO3处理后发芽率显著提高。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。