查询词典 germ cells

To investigate whether the expression of cdc2 and cyclin B1 in spermatogenic cells during spermatogenesis is actually a temperature dependent event, in situ hybridization, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to study the expression of cdc2 and cyclin B1 in normal and cryptorchid testis. Results showed that heat would differentially hurt male germ cells in different developmental stages during spermatogenesis, especially the pachytene primary spermatocytes. Most of spermatogonia in contralateral cryptorchid testis were not harmed fatally by heat as yet, indicating that spermatogonia could resist to beat to a certain extent. In this case spermatogonia could develop to pachytene/diplotene primary spermatocytes, but they could not acquire the ability to complete the transition from mitosis to meiosis, and then appeared to go through apoptosis. Therefore, we could not find the descendants of meiosis: secondary spermatocytes and round spermatids, elongated spermatids and spermatozoon. The abdominal temperature had no significant influence on the transcription of cdc2 and cyclin B1 in the spermatogonia and pachytene/diplotene primary spermatocytes. In normal rabbit testis, cyclin B1 increased in the pachytene/diplotene primary spermatocytes before meiosis and reached its peak in the spermatids.

为了解精子正常发生过程中cdc2和cyclin B1表达的低温依赖性，我们利用原位杂交和免疫组化等方法，研究了正常和隐睾精子发生过程中cdc2和cyclin B1的转录和翻译调控活动，结果表明：（1）热对各阶段的雄性生殖细胞都有损害，粗线期的初级精母细胞尤为敏感，实验性隐睾内的精原细胞尚未完全受到"致命"影响，说明精原细胞对热有一定的耐受性，但即使成为粗线期／双线期初级精母细胞，却未能获得由有丝分裂过渡到减数分裂的能力，呈现不同程度的凋亡，所以在整个切片中找不到源自减数分裂的产物----次级精母细胞、圆形精子细胞，更谈不上长形精子细胞和精子的形成；（2）腹腔高温未明显地影响隐睾精原细胞和粗线期/双线期初级精母细胞中cyclinB1和cdc2的转录，说明高温并不是通过影响cyclin B1和cdc2的转录活动而导致生精过程阻断的；（3）正常兔睾丸组织中，〓在精原细胞和粗线期／双线期精母细胞中均有表达：cyclin B1蛋白在减数分裂前期的粗线期／双线期初级精母细胞中的表达量增加，于变态末期的精子细胞中达高峰。

It has been demonstrated that through the formation of embryoid bodies germ cells can be derived from embryonic stem cells.

当前的研究已经证实了胚胎干细胞能在体外分化出胚性生殖细胞。

ESCs are traditionally regarded as ICM cells, though some scholars believe they are more closely resemble cells from the epiblast. But recent evidence about cell molecular markers indicate that ES cell's characteristics resemble early germ cells.

传统观念常常把ESCs等同于ICM细胞，也有学者认为ESCs更象上胚层细胞，而在已知的分子标记基因方面，ESCs所具有的特征更接近体内早期生殖细胞。

Under appropriate conditions, ES cells can differentiate into all cell types including germ cells.

在适当的条件下，ES细胞能分化成各种细胞类型，包括生殖细胞。

Note the difference in size and staining quality of the neoplastic nests of cells compared to normal germ cells.

肿瘤细胞与正常的生殖细胞相比，大小和着色都不同。

AR expressed stronger in spermatocytes and spermatogenic cells, ER in germ cells and sperm expressed strong in the second spermatocyte, PR in Leydig cells also expressed stronger.

AR在精母细胞和精细胞中表达较强，ER在精细胞和精子中表达较强，精母细胞中次之，PR在睾丸间质细胞中表达较强。

Embryonic stem cells derived from inner cell mass of mammalian blastocyst-stage emyst-stage embryos and primordial germ cells are totipotent cells that can be cultured in virto.

胚胎干细胞是从哺乳类动物的囊胚内细胞群或原始生殖嵴细胞分离、体外培养获得的具有发育全能性的细胞。

The five kinds of male germ cell cytogenetic assays used to detect genotoxicity of ani-mal drugs to each spermatogenetic stage of male germ cells,such as spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes,spermatids and spermatozoa,had beensystematically studied.

本文系统地研究了适合我国国情的检测兽药对哺乳动物精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精细胞和精子等各个发生阶段雄性生殖细胞遗传毒性的5种测定方法，并首次为国产阿维菌素安全性毒理学评价提供了系统的雄性生殖细胞遗传毒性资料。

The testis index, testis volumes were same as the annual changes of testis mass. The curves of annual variation were all unimodality.2 The spermatogenetic cycle of Myospalax cansus comprises seven stages with significant features: Stage I , from February to April, the testis were at the stage of spermatogonia proliferation. In this period, testis index and the number of spermatogonia began to rise. Other spermatogenic cells had not yet formed; Stage II to III, from March to April, primary spermatocyte meiosis period. The testis index was highest in this stage, and spermatogenic cells were in spermatocyte stage, the primary spermatocyte meiosis generated to secondary spermatocyte; Stage IV, from April to May, spermatocytes continued to split, germ cells appeared in seminiferous tubules; Stage V, in May, sperm formation, spermatids of seminiferous tubules were transformed to spermatozoa, a large number of sperms existed in the lumen; Stage VI, spermatozoa emission period, from May to June, testis index were a significant drop and mature spermatozoa excluded gradually; VII, the testicular activity ceased basically from July to September, November to January of the following year, the spermatogenic activity ceased completely. Therefore, Myospalax cansus are animals of seasonal reproduction, spermatogenesis cycle is discontinuous type.

睾丸系数、体积和重量的年周期变化规律一致，变化曲线呈现单峰型。2甘肃鼢鼠雄性生殖腺的年周期活动由7个特征明显的时期构成：Ⅰ期，2～3月份，精原细胞增殖期，睾丸系数开始上升，精原细胞进行有丝分裂，其他生精细胞尚未形成；3～4月份为Ⅱ～Ⅲ期，初级精母细胞成熟分裂期，睾丸系数达到最大，生精细胞大多处于精母细胞阶段，初级精母细胞减数分裂生成次级精母细胞；Ⅳ期，4～5月份精母细胞继续进行分裂，精细胞在生精小管内出现；Ⅴ期，5月份，精子形成期，曲细精管中精细胞变态成精子，在管腔中存在大量的精子；Ⅵ期，精子排放期，5～6月份，睾丸系数显著下降，成熟精子从生精小管上脱离，逐渐排除；Ⅶ期，精原细胞停滞期，7～9月份睾丸生精活动基本停滞，11～翌年1月，生精活动完全停止。

Objective: To determine whether the cells that we obtained from the in vitro culture of human embyonic genital ridges and dorsal mesenteries were the undifferentiated human embryonic germ cells , to find out the best kind of passaging method , and finally to identify these serial passaged cells .

目的：鉴定组织块培养法体外培养人胚胎生殖腺嵴和背侧肠系膜所获得的细胞为未分化的人胚胎生殖细胞；尝试不同时间和不同方法对人EG细胞进行传代培养，探讨最佳传代时机和传代方法；并确定传代培养的细胞仍为未分化的人EG细胞。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失