查询词典 geometrical vector

Viral vector mainly contain adenovirus, retrovirus,adeno-associated virus and so on, but it has potential danger of safety; it isrepeled by immune system when it is injected to organism for a greatimmunogenicity. An injection with adenovirus vector with highconcentration, it leads to serious inflammatory reaction of liver. Viralvector such as liposome and polycation are commonly used lately. But,liposome and polycation have low specificness and targetness of genetransfer tissue, have lower transfection efficiency and short period ofgene expression, for they can be phagocytized by endothelial system.

许多的载体，病毒载体和非病毒载体以前已广泛应用，病毒载体主要包括腺病毒，逆转录病毒，腺相关病毒等；但病毒载体在安全性方面存在潜在的危险；免疫原性比较强，注射到机体后很快会被机体的免疫系统排斥，当静脉注射高浓度的腺病毒载体会使肝脏发生严重的炎症反应；非病毒载体目前常用的有脂质体及多聚阳离子聚合物；但脂质体和阳离子聚合物介导基因转移缺乏组织的特异性和靶向性，转染效率较低且易被网状内皮系统吞噬，基因表达时间短；因此研制新型的非病毒载体已成为研究的热点，纳米颗粒具有小尺寸效应，表面效应，随着颗粒直径变小，比表面积将会显著增大，故具有很高的化学活性，因而纳米成为了最有应用前景的非病毒载体。

The thesis illustrates the principle of the and its application in the system, establishes the simulation model of the vector control system of PMSM based on the EKF and successfully realizes the application of the speedless sensor in motor control. Firstly, based on the mathematic model of permanent-magnet synchronous motor, the PMSM vector control system is built. Secondly, the Extended Kalman Filter is designed for the on-line estimation of the speed and rotor position by only using measurements of the motor voltages and currents.

首先，基于PMSM的数学模型，建立了电机的矢量控制仿真模型；其次，设计了扩展卡尔曼滤波器，通过检测电机端电压、相电流对电机转速和转子位置进行在线实时估计，实现了PMSM的无传感器矢量控制；最后，在Matlab7.0环境下进行的系统仿真试验表明，该方法具有优良的转角跟踪特性和较好的转速跟踪特性，同时系统具有较强的抗负载扰动性能和较佳的控制性能。

The open reading frame of Spinacia oleracea Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase was retrieved from Spinacia oleracea and inserted into the Agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector pBin438, which was driven by CaMV35S promoter, and produced the new binary vector pBSB. A. tumefaciens LBA4404 carrying this plasmid was used in genetic transformation of plants. Forty-five primary transgenic plants were detected by PCR and verified by the Southern blotting from 65 regenerated plants, of which 27 transgenic plants had only one copy of T-DNA.

摘 要：分离出菠菜甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因构建成由CaMV35S驱动的双元植物表达载体pBSB，农杆菌菌株LBA4404携带该载体转化棉花，获得转基因棉花植株。65株转基因植株经过PCR筛选、Southern blotting分析证明有45株为成功的转化株，外源基因已经被整合到棉花的染色体组中，并以单拷贝插入居多。

Methods: total rna was isolated from hepatocellular carcinoma cell line hepg2. subsequently, a 1kb fragment of hccr 2 encoding region was amplified by rt pcr and cloned into promega teasy vector. after confirmed by dna sequencing, the full length encoding region of hccr 2 was amplified by pcr and cloned into pires2 egfp. the recombinant eukaryotic expression vector was confimed by dna sequencing.

从人肝癌细胞株hepg2提取rna，利用rt pcr方法，先克隆出一包括hccr 2编码区的长约1 kb的片段，并将其与t载体连接并转化，测序证实无误后，以hccr 2/t载体为模板，再通过pcr克隆出hccr 2的编码区序列，将其连接到pires2 egfp真核表达载体，并通过测序获得证实。

METHODS: Total RNA was isolated from hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. Subsequently, a 1kb fragment of HCCR2 encoding region was amplified by RTPCR and cloned into Promega TEasy vector. After confirmed by DNA sequencing, the fulllength encoding region of HCCR2 was amplified by PCR and cloned into pIRES2EGFP. The recombinant eukaryotic expression vector was confimed by DNA sequencing.

从人肝癌细胞株HepG2提取RNA，利用RTPCR方法，先克隆出一包括HCCR2编码区的长约1 kb的片段，并将其与T载体连接并转化，测序证实无误后，以HCCR2/T载体为模板，再通过PCR克隆出HCCR2的编码区序列，将其连接到pIRES2EGFP真核表达载体，并通过测序获得证实。

The speed-sensorless vector control and the identification of motor parameters in this paper are the two novel research of vector control.Using asynchronous machine's mathematic model in three-phase static reference frame, this paper has derived it's mathematic model in two-phase static reference frameand in two-phase rotating reference frame, and got the coordinate transformance formulus based on the constant magnetic force and power force, by compared different field orientation methods, we can find that field orientation at rotor field can realize the decoupling of the stator current flux component

无速度传感器矢量控制和电机参数辨识是矢量控制的两个新的研究方向，本文利用异步电机在三相静止坐标系下的数学模型推导出两相静止坐标系、两相同步旋转坐标系下的数学模型，根据磁动势守恒和功率守恒的原则，得出各坐标变换公式；通过不同磁场定向方式的比较发现，异步电机按转子磁场定向时定子电流励磁分量和转矩分量可以比较方便地实现解耦。

The main works include: The topology structure and the switching function of the TSMC,the widely employed space vector modulation strategy without zero vector at rectifier stage and the transrectification of the TSMC were introduced.

论文的主要工作包括：介绍了TSMC的拓扑结构和开关传递函数、目前普遍采用的整流级无零矢量的空间矢量调制策略以及TSMC的换流。

Fractal theory quantifies these phenomena mainly by ascertaining their fractal dimensions.Box-counting algorithm is the one most practical and also most frequently adopted method.The traditional box-counting algorithm is based on the grid document and has some serious shortcomings,such as the distortion of the image being enlarged,the trivialness of the process and the finite of the iterative degree,etc.The vector box counting algorithm developed in this paper takes vector document as the carrier and has three advantages.

传统的计盒算法是基于栅格文件的方法，由于其存在图像放大后失真、过程繁琐和迭代次数有限等缺陷，因此为了准确简单方便地进行分维计算，开发了一种以矢量文件为载体的矢量计盒算法，并详细阐述了这种算法的数据结构、处理流程和主要函数，同时以Koch曲线、骨肿瘤边界及水系证明了矢量计盒算法的准确性和优越性。

This method is tectonic on foundation of nuclear function theory special and linear space, each issue of rank nucleus of progression of the Volterra that seek solution changeover uses output observation vector to be in to beg Xierbaite the some in the space child the umbriferous problem on the space, make originally complex, hard calculative is nonlinear in the approachs a problem to be built in place compose linear space of Volterra progression of the system solve ably with the means that accumulates inside vector, gave out specific algorithm.

该方法在核函数理论基础上构造非凡线性空间，将求解Volterra级数的各阶核的新问题转换为求用输出观测向量在希尔伯特空间中某一子空间上的投影新问题，使原本复杂、难以计算的非线性系统的Volterra级数的逼近新问题在所构建的线性空间中巧妙地以向量内积的方式解决，并给出了具体算法。

Chicken IL-15(ChIL-15), Which was discovered in 2001, plays a main role in activating NK cells and CD8+ memory T cells, and may therefore have potential as a vaccine adjuvant.According to published ChIL-15 gene sequence, a pair of primers were designed and synthesized to clone ChIL-15 cDNA from ConA-activated chicken splenocytes by RT-PCR. Recombinant plasmid pUC19ChIL-15 carrying the ChIL-15 gene was constructed. The gene encoding mature ChIL-15 (mChIL-15) was amplified from pUC19ChIL-15 by PCR and cloned into pMD 18-T vector. After digested with Kpn I /Pst I , the mChIL-15 gene was subcloned into prokaryotic expression vector pPRoEX橦Ta and transformed into E.coli DH5a .The transformant was induced by IPTG, and the recombinant ChIL-15(rChIL-15) was expressed as a fusion protein with a histidine hexamer tag at the N-terminal end of the protein. Following expression, the protein was purified by ProBond?Nickel-Chelating Resin. The uninduced and induced protein lysates and the purified protein were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred onto nitrocellulose membrane to identify rChIL-15 by Western blot. The rChIL-15 was used to immune the guinea pig to obtain rChIL-15 polyclonal antibody.

参考已发表的ChIL-15基因序列，设计合成引物，应用RT-PCR技术从刀豆球蛋白A活化的白来航鸡脾淋巴细胞中克隆ChIL-15 cDNA，将其与SmalⅠ酶切处理的pUC19载体连接，构建重组质粒pUC19ChIL-15；用PCR技术从pUC19ChIL-15中扩增出去信号肽的成熟ChIL-15(mChIL-15)基因，与pMD 18-T载体相连构建重组质粒pMDChIL-15；然后用KpnⅠ／PstⅠ双酶切下mChIL-15基因片段，定向亚克隆到经同样酶切处理的带有6个组氨酸标签的表达载体pP_RoEX~HTa中，构建重组质粒pP_RoChIL-15，对其测序确认读框正确后，转入大肠杆菌DH5α中诱导表达并进行纯化，用重组ChIL-15(rChIL-15)免疫豚鼠，制备多克隆抗体；再用HindⅢ／PstⅠ从质粒pP_RoChIL-15上切下mChIL-15基因，定向亚克隆到经同样酶切处理的杆状病毒转移载体pMelBacB中，经酶切、PCR和序列测定鉴定后，与杆状病毒线形化DNABac-N-Blue~(TM DNA共转染Sf9昆虫细胞，经三轮蚀斑纯化，构建重组杆状病毒rBac-ChIL-15，用该重组病毒感染处于对数生长期的Sf9细胞，按不同的时间收取样品，离心后对其上清和沉淀进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析。

More direct, directer ; most direct, directest

径直的，笔直的

Do you know how to use a chain saw?

你知道如何使用链锯吗？