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Compound 1 is a new compound, the others are isolated from this genus for the first time, and this is the first time to report lignan compounds from genus Celastrus.

化合物1为新化合物，其余化合物为首次从该属植物中分离得到。本文为首次报道该属植物中的木脂素类化合物。

Due to its simple structure and easy operation, users could key to every genus by multi-approaches, such as choosing any character or several characters to begin, clicking the buttons on the tool column. There were many image pictures and notes information in the key, which should make users have more overall understanding to every genus of the Chalcididae; there were different fault-tolerant levels in the system in order to avoid the various mistakes.

其结构简单，使用方便，用户可以从任一特征开始选择，也可以进行多项选择或通过点击工具栏上的操作按钮等多种途径，对中国小蜂科各属进行灵活检索；检索表中包含了许多形象图片和文字信息，能够让用户对小蜂科各属有较全面的了解；系统还具有不同的容错功能，可以避免因各种原因导致的错误。

Species often classified as members of the genus Senna or genus Chamaecrista.

经常分类在番泻树属的一些桂皮的属。

The AMF spore average density was 24.88 per 20 g soil , the species richness was 1.94 per soil sample, the species diversity index was 2.56, and the species evenness was 0.65. Glomus, but they all were of prominent genus in the investigation area and Acaulospora, Scutellospora were of common genus while Entrophospora was rarely found. In the 13 species AM fungi, G.mosseae was of prominent species, and G.geosporum, G.intraradices, G.etunicatum were of common speices, while the others were of rarely species. There were 87.5% sand fixation plant were infected with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the highest spore density, the strongest infection strength of the whole roots and the best species richness belonged to Chenopodiaceae while Polygonacea was the lowest.

四属AM真菌中，Glomus为优势属， Scutellospora 、Acaulospora为常见属，Entrophospora则为稀有属；十三种AM真菌中，G.mosseae、G.geosporum分别为优势种、最常见种，G.intraradices，G.etunicatum为常见种，其余均为稀有种；五科固沙植物中，87.5%的植物能被菌根侵染，其中藜科植物孢子密度最高，整个根系侵染强度最强，种的丰度最高，蓼科植物孢子密度、整个根系侵染强度、种的丰度则最低；禾本科植物不仅具有最好的丛枝结构，且具有相对高的亲和性，能与12种AM真菌共生。

Type genus of the Commelinaceae; large genus of herbs of branching or creeping habit: day flower; widow's tears.

鸭跖草科的模式属；一个草本植物大属，有分枝或匍匐的习性；白日开花；紫露草。

Reduction of ovule number as a tendency of speciation in the genus is substantiated by the occurrence of tri_ovulate cones coupled with comprehensive characters of the genus. The metamorphic patterns as well as the leaf nature of the outer envelope indicate that female cones of Ephedra are compound while the female reproductive units of the ovulate cone have been reduced from secondary reproductive shoots similar to those of cordaites by phylogenetic transformation, fusion and reduction. Each fertile bract together with its axillary female reproductive unit composed the Bract Scale and Seed Scale Complex of Ephedra .

基于返祖性畸形三胚珠球花的出现及其他形态特征，认为麻黄属胚珠数目减少是该属内物种特化的一个趋势；利用雌球花发育的畸形现象及外珠被的形态学本质提出麻黄属的雌球果为复轴性构造，雌性生殖单位是由类似于科达类的次级生殖枝构造经系统发育变态、融合、简化成现存的生胚珠构造式样，每一可育苞片及其腋内雌性生殖单位共同组成了麻黄属的苞鳞_种鳞复合体。

Results Total 7 genera 54 species known were reported in Liaoning province,of which blood-sucking midges are 2 genera 49 species,namely 48 species of genus Culicoides including a new species,Culicoides donggangensis sp.nov.and 1 species of genus Lasiohelea;unsucking-blood midges are 4 genera 5 spec...

蠛蠓属1种；非吸血蠓4属5种，即：贝蠓属1种，毛蠓属1种，铗蠓属2种和须蠓属1种。记述了已知种在辽宁省的分布。结论对深入开展辽宁省蠓类的区系分布研究提供了依据。新种模式标本保存在沈阳军区疾病预防控制中心。

Karyotype analysis of 3 species of genus Podocarpium and chromosome numbers of 2 species of genus Desmodium.

长柄山蚂蝗属三个种的核型分析及山蚂蝗属两个种的染色体数。

Results showed that planktonic Prorocentrum were assembled to onegroup while benthic Prorocentrum were assembled to another group. The percentagesof the bootstrap values were higher than 95%. The results demonstrated that theplanktonic and benthic Prorocentrum should belong to different genus. Furthermore, the resulting phlogenetic structure showed the percentages of thebootstrap values (98%-100%) of Alexandrium in NJ and ML trees were significantlevers and belong to one group, divergently with genus Gonyaulax.

通过分析 17 种甲藻 18S rDNA 序列构建的系统发育树，营浮游生活的原甲藻在显著水平上聚为一类，而底栖种聚为一类，统计置信度均高于 95％，底栖原甲藻和营浮游生活原甲藻在 NJ 树和 ML 树上均为两个分支，且底栖型的分异速度较浮游型迅速，该结果说明原甲藻属中浮游种和底栖种应分属于不同类群。

The result showed that the host was one of the most important standards of classification. It was unsuitable to divide the genus into some groups. The viewpoint that the new genus Neoerysiphe was erected as the type species with Erysiphe galeopsidis, and E.

结果表明：寄主是白粉菌属种级分类的重要指标之一；白粉菌属下暂不宜分组；不支持将鼬瓣花白粉菌分出本属并以之作为模式种建立新白粉菌属、以及将金丝桃白粉菌E。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。