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Genetic differentiation of between and within five eco-geographical groups of E. sibiricus is estimated by Shannon's diversity index, which shown that 68.17% genetic variance existed within group, and 31.83% genetic variance was among groups.

基于Shannon 多样性指数估算了5个老芒麦地理类群内和类群间的遗传分化，发现类群内遗传变异占总变异的68.17%，而类群间的遗传变异占总变异的31.83 %。

Genetic differentiation between and within five eco-geographical groups of Elymus nutans was estimated by Shannon's diversity index, which shown that 42.94% genetic variance existed within group, and 50.76% genetic variance was among groups.

基于Shannon 多样性指数估算了5个垂穗披碱草地理类群内和类群间的遗传分化，发现类群内遗传变异占总变异的42.94 %，而类群间的遗传变异占总变异的57.06 %。

Endangered Abies yuanbaoshanensis will probably have been extinct,so it very necessary to studying its genetic diversity with a proper way in order to save this key group of biological diversity in China.In the present study,AFLP(amplified fragment length polymorphism) markers was used to examine population of Abies yuanbaoshanensis in order to understand the level of population genetic variation and genetic structure.

首先，物种的遗传多样性是长期进化的结果，是其生存和发展的前提，对遗传多样性进行研究可以为分析濒危物种或种群的进化潜力和未来命运提供重要资料；其次，遗传多样性是保护生物学研究的核心之一，不了解种内遗传变异大小、时空分布及其与环境条件的关系，就无法采用科学有效的措施来挽救濒于灭绝的物种、保护受到威胁的物种，对珍惜濒危物种制定合理的保护方针和策略，有赖于对物种遗传多样性的认识。

The method solves the limitation of converging to the local infinitesimal point in medical image segmentation,and adopts the initial algorithm to assure the initial searching scope of genetic algorithm which is better accommodable than standard genetic algorithm with fuzzy C-means clustering,speeding up the convergence of genetic algorithm.

该算法除了解决模糊C均值聚类算法在医学图像分割中容易陷入局部最优解的问题，而且采用的初值化算法比标准的遗传模糊C均值聚类算法能确定更合适的遗传算法的初始搜索范围，从而加速了遗传算法的收敛过程。

Acipenser sinensis ; Protein electrophoresis ; Genetic structure ; Genetic diversity ; Genetic conservation

中华鲟；蛋白质电泳；遗传结构；遗传多样性；遗传保护

Besides, the genetic differentiation also existed among subpopulations. We deduced that the limited gene flow and breeding type were important factors leading to genetic differentiation. The genetic structure of Aristida pennata populations reflected its characteristics of clone reproduction and the good adaption to the severe environments.

本研究认为羽毛三芒草种群遗传多样性很丰富，遗传结构较为复杂，亚种群间遗传多样性大，亚种群间存在一定遗传分化，基因流和繁育方式是导致种群遗传分化的主要因素。

Of the 36 tussah silkworm varieties, the Nei's genetic diversity index was 0.3243±0.1515, and Shannon information index was 0.4871±0.1975, suggesting that bivoltine tussah silkworm varieties are still rich in genetic diversity even having been conserved in the same place for quite long time. Nei's genetic identity of the 36 varieties ranged from 0.4959 to 0.8347, 96.59% of which was above 0.6, revealing large similarity between different varieties. A clustering analysis showed that these varieties formed two separate clades, one of which included varieties bred by the institute and the other included imported varieties from other provinces or countries.

供试品种资源的Nei氏遗传多样性指数为0.3243±0.1515，Shannon信息指数为0.4871±0.1975，表明长期同地保存的二化性柞蚕品种资源同样具有丰富的遗传多样性；供试品种的Nei氏遗传一致性范围在0.4959~0.8374之间，达0.6以上的占96.59%，表明多数品种资源的相似程度较高。36份品种资源分别以辽宁省蚕业科学研究所育成种为主和以国内外引进种为主聚为两大类群。

The results showed that it would gain higher sustainable genetic respons and lower inbreeding rate when implementing BLUP selection in larger population. When the sire-dam ratio was too low, it would not only decrease the genetic response, but also increase the inbreeding rate. To gain higher genetic progress and acceptable inbreeding rate, it should keep enough large population size and feasible sire-dam ratio in practice.

结果表明，扩大育种群规模不仅可以获得更大的持续进展，同时还可有效缓解近交系数的过快上升；育种群中公畜比例过低时，不仅会降低遗传进展，群体近交系数的上升速度也会加快，实际中应保证育种群具有一定的规模和适宜的公母比例。

Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were used to measure genetic diversity and genetic structure of 3 natural populations of Carya dabieshanensis 238 loci were identified by 20 RAPD primers, out of which 162 loci were polymorphic and accounted for 68.1% of the total genetic diversity at species level.

利用RAPD分子标记技术检测了大别山山核桃3个天然居群的遗传多样性和遗传结构。20条10bp随机引物共检测到238个扩增位点，其中多态性位点162个，多态位点百分率为68.1%。

Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were used to measure genetic diversity and genetic structure of 150 individuals from 5 natural populations of Carya cathayensis. 252 loci were identified from 20 RAPD primers, out of which 168 loci were polymorphic and accounted for 66.7% of the total genetic diversity at species level.

利用随机扩增多态性DNA分子标记技术，分析了山核桃5个天然居群150个个体的遗传多样性和遗传结构，20条10bp的随机引物共扩增出252个位点，其中，多态性位点168个，多态位点百分率为66.7%。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了