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Genetic diversity analysis within and between the green peafowl and the blue peafowl populations demonstrated that the expected heterozygosity of two peafowl populations were 0.2482 and 0.2744, respectively. The inbreeding index, Reynolds' genetic distance and gene flow between the two populations were 0.078, 0.0603 and 3.896 respectively. These results indicate that the heterozygosity and the genetic diversity of these two peafowl populations were very low, and suggest a tendency towards intermixing.

蓝孔雀和绿孔雀群体间和群体内的遗传分析结果表明，绿孔雀和蓝孔雀两个群体的期望杂合度分别为0.7422和0.6943，群体间的遗传分化系数为0.078， Reynolds'遗传距离和基因流分别为0.0603和3.896，结果显示这两个孔雀群体的杂合度和遗传多样性水平都很低，且有相互混杂的趋势。

To analyze quantitatively the performances of genetic algorithms used in aerodynamic optimization design and the effects of the skills introduced, the numerical test planform for genetic optimization models is set up on Microsoft Fortran Powerstation. As applications, several aerodynamic optimization designs for airfoil, wing and aircraft are carried out to testify the adaptation of genetic optimization models.

建立了以Fortran Powerstation 4.0为开发环境的各种遗传优化模型的数值试验平台，对各遗传算法、改进技术及其优化模型的性能（优化质量和优化效率、可操作性）进行定量分析，并在此基础上建立了翼型、机翼和全机的优化设计软件系统。

This article in by has in the foundation which the method studies, is easy in view of the standard genetic algorithms in the solution Vehicle Routing Problems to appear precociously, is easy to fall into the partial optimal solution shortcoming, makes the improvement to the traditional genetic algorithms, proposed the multi- populations genetic algorithms.

本文在已有方法研究的基础上，针对标准遗传算法在解决车辆路径问题上容易出现早熟，容易陷入局部最优解的缺点，对传统的遗传算法进行改进，提出了多种群遗传算法（Multiple_population Genetic Algorithms）。

Finally, base on research of genetic algorithm and rough sets, analysis of the existing primary algorithm of attribute reduction based on the traditonal genetic algorithm, an improved algorithm of rough set attribute reduction base on dependability and genetic algorithm is presented in this paper.

最后，对遗传算法和粗糙集理论研究的基础上，通过分析现有的约简算法，提出一种基于依赖度的属性约简改进算法，改进后的算法可以求取属性的一个约简。

Quantum parallelism of genetic algorithms, and not caught early, which is the genetic algorithm in a relatively new area, The compressed bundle contains a number of outstanding Quantum Genetic Algorithm some excellent articles.

量子遗传算法并行性好，不易陷入早熟，是目前在遗传算法方面一个比较新研究，该压缩包里包含了大量了一些优秀的量子遗传算法的一些优秀文章。

Genetic algorithm is a random search and optimization method based on natural selection and genetic mechanism of the living beings. The combination of genetic algorithm and logistics system has good practicability and extensive application prospect.

遗传算法是一种基于生物自然选择与遗传机理的随机搜索与优化的方法，与物流系统的结合具有良好的实用性和广泛的应用前景。

Reimplantation genetic diagnosis is an evolving technique that have been developed to detect the embryo of genetic diseases or chromosome abnormalities before a pregnancy is established, to avoid the risk of termination of pregnancy for couples who are at substantial risk of transmitting a serious genetic disorder to their offspring.

GD是在胚胎着床之前即对其遗传物质进行分析、诊断胚胎是否有遗传物质异常的诊断方法，并能避免终止异常妊娠给患者带来的身心痛苦。

The results showed that the average heterozygosity was higher in 9 populations,the lowest is Jinding, the highest is San sheldrake, which ranged from 0.5137~0.6055. The average heterozygosity of 9 duck populations was 0.5523, which reflected the rich diversity. Considerable breed differentiation was observed and 25.65% of the total genetic variation came from breed differences, this result affirmed each breed was of own genetic diversity. The DA genetic distances suggested the longer differentiation existed between those breeds. The domestic duck breeds in East China were clustered into four groups based on the NJ clustering, the clustering results had some relationship with the distributions and economic utilizations of these duck breeds.

结果表明：9个品种的平均杂合度都较高，最低的为金定鸭，最高的为山麻鸭，杂合度范围为0.5137～0.6055，群体平均杂合度为0.5523，反映了各鸭种的杂合度都较高，遗传多样性丰富；华东区各鸭种间存在较大的遗传分化，25.65%的遗传变异来源于品种间的差异，更进一步反映了各品种具有本品种特征特性的多样性；通过计算DA遗传距离发现各群体的遗传距离较远，分化时间较长；NJ聚类结果将华东区家鸭资源聚为4类，NJ的聚类结果分析与几个鸭品种的地域分布和经济用途有一定关系。

Classifying by genetic distance, we selected 5 greatly fastgrowing families and 10 less fastgrowing families, compared with Slash pine, whose genetic gains of volume are 44% and 14% respectively, and with Mason pine , whose genetic gains of volume are 197% and 14% respectively.

对家系的遗传距离进行了聚类分析，确定了5个极速生家系、8个较速生家系，其材积增益与湿地松相比分别为44%和14%，与马尾松相比分别为197%和136%。

The results above showed:(1) The cultivars of large-flowered chrysanthemum are widely distributed in Beijing area with plentiful floral types and floral colors;(2) The cultivars with the rare types and colors are urgent for protection;(3) Most of the quantitative characters obeys to the normal distribution,some important traits agreed with skewed distribution.The probability grading can assist quantitative character in establishing new grading standards;(4) Most of qualitative characters is asymmetrical in cultivars,which might be caused by unbalanced differentiation of characters or linkages coming from emphasis characters selection;(5) The floral characters are relatively stable and have comparably large influence on classification,the characters of stipule also have a certain degree of stability and can act as an reasonable supplement for cultivars classification,but the foliar characters have worse stability and can only be recognized as lower level criterion.(6) The genetic relationship among the Flat-petaled group,the Quilled-petal group and the Spoon-petaled group are closest,which followed by the Filiform-petal group because of long-term selection pressure for the specialization of the petal tip loved by most people.The Anemone-petal group has further genetic relationship with these four groups.(7) ISSR molecular marker detection indicates that the proportion of polymorphic loci of lardge-flowered chrysanthemum is higher,in which the Flat-petaled group has the highest genetic diversity level.

综合以上的研究结果表明：(1)北京地区现有大量大菊品种，且花型与花色较为丰富；(2)珍稀花型、花色品种亟需保护；(3)大部分数量性状是符合正态分布的，少数重点观赏性状迫于选择压力呈现偏态分布，概率分级法能够辅助大菊的数量性状建立新的分级标准；(4)大部分质量性状在品种群内的分布是不均匀的，可能是由菊花性状遗传分化的不均衡性或受到选育重点性状的连锁作用而造成的；(5)大菊花部性状相对稳定，对品种分类影响较大，其托叶部分也具有一定程度的稳定性，可以作为品种分类的合理补充，而叶部性状稳定性较差，在品种分类中应作为更次一级的分类依据；(6)平瓣类、管瓣类和匙瓣类的亲缘关系最近，畸瓣类品种花瓣先端特化受到人们的喜爱，长期的选择压力使其区别于3种基本瓣型，而这四种瓣型与桂瓣类在亲缘关系上较远；(7)ISSR分子标记检测表明：大菊品种多态性位点百分率较高，平瓣类品种的遗传分化最为丰富。

In contrast to the ubiquitous rising-sun-with-rays military flag of the Japanese, Chinese banners and ensigns feature a range of designs.

与遍地都是的太阳军旗不同，中国人的旗帜和徽章设计得各式各样。

From their small corner of Feng's Guangzhou headquarters -- a jumble of pink leashes, squeezable rubber steaks, and plastic doggy Santas for Fido's stocking -- Soleil's designers come up with at least five new products a month.

从Feng 设在广州总部的产品展示柜台上可以看到，Soleil的设计师每月至少设计出5件新产品。