查询词典 genetic

The genetic structure of Alternaria alternata Keissler was influenced by genetic background of host cultivar, and the genetic structure of isolates from different host cultivar was different.

赤星病菌的遗传结构也随寄主品种的不同而表现出一定的差异，寄主品种的遗传背景影响着赤星病菌的遗传结构。

Second, according to model characteristic, such as non-linear, non-convex, multiple-peaked and so on, the paper discusses limitation of traditional solving algorithm, such as branch and bound method, GBD method and OA method, puts forward penalty function-makeup integer algorithm and genetic algorithm, analyses procedures of genetic algorithm, such as selection, crossover and mutation, brings forward modifications for specific realized problems of genetic algorithm, such as selection of initial points, operator design, adoptive value adjustment, constraint treatment and so on, and works out correlated solving program.

其次针对该模型非线性、非凸、多峰等特点，讨论了分支定界法、GBD法和OA法等传统求解算法的局限性，提出了罚函数一凑整算法和遗传算法的求解思路，对遗传算法的选择、交叉、变异等过程进行分析，对遗传算法初始点选择、算子设计、适应值调整和约束处理等具体实现问题提出了改进措施，并编制了相关的求解程序。

The thesis also draw several conclusions as follows:(1) Orthogonal experiment design method can be viewed as a special case of genetic algorithm, i. e. a genetic algorithm with a fixed initial population, an oriented-mutation operator and one evolution epoch.(2) In terms of running steps, genetic algorithm is more complex than orthogonal experiment design method.

论文首次对正交试验设计法和遗传算法这两种独立发展起来的方法进行比较研究，提出(1)正交试验设计法是遗传算法的一种特例，即是一种初始种群固定的、只使用定向变异算子的、只进化一代的遗传算法；(2)遗传算法产生的优化解优于正交试验设计法产生的优化解，且遗传算法处理交互作用项的效率高于正交试验设计法；(3)遗传算法的步骤比正交试验设计法复杂，所需的试验次数也要多。

The course starts with reviews on the development of statistical genetics and genetic marker analysis, focuses on the basic principles of contraction of genetic map and mapping QTL, and introduces the approaches to construct genetic map for different type of populations and mapping QTL aiming at type of populations and traits.

本课程从评述数量性状研究方法和遗传标记的发展历程开始，着重讲授遗传图谱构建和基因定位的基本原理，介绍不同类型群体遗传图谱的构建方法和针对不同类型群体和性状类型的基因定位方法。

By using the Neighbor-joining method, a dendrogram was obtained based on genetic distances. The bootstrap values were evaluated for each crunode of the dendrogram by means of bootstrap test. The results showed that the mean heterozygosity of the whole native egg-typing duck breeds population was lower than those of native chicken breeds and goose breeds, suggesting that the genetic diversity in those duck breeds population is relativly rare and should be strengthened. The rank of the heterozygosity was consistent with that of the polymorphism information content. The results of the genetic distances between them indicated that the differentiation occurred long time ago. In the dendrogram, Weishan pocked, Youxian pocked, Huainan pocked, Guangxi pocked and Jingjiang pocked were classified into one goup, Chaohuand Enshi pocked were the second group, Liancheng white, Putian black, Jinding, Shanma, Sansui and Shaoxing were the flnra grong.

结果表明：我国所有蛋鸭品种全部群体的平均杂合度较低，其遗传多样性相对贫乏，各保种场要加强多样性的保护；各品种的平均多态信息含量的高低与群体平均杂合度的顺序完全一致；遗传距离的计算说明了13个品种的遗传距离较远，分化时间较长；13个地方蛋鸭品种被聚类为3个类，微山麻鸭、攸县麻鸭、淮南麻鸭、广西小麻鸭、荆江麻鸭聚为一类；巢湖鸭和恩施麻鸭聚为一类；福建省的鸭种连城白鸭、莆田黑鸭、金定鸭、山麻鸭与三穗鸭、绍兴鸭聚为一类。

Genetic distance between Guizhou White Buffalo and Zunyi Buffalo is the closest (0.0910). The clustering dendrograph drawn by UPGMA can clearly reflect the geography distribution, the feature of genetic differentiation, and genetic relationships among Guizhou White Buffalo and 6 buffalo populations.

由UPGMA聚类法得到的系统聚类图反映了贵州白水牛和6个普通水牛群体的亲缘关系远近程度，贵州白水牛没有单独聚为一类，而是与同分布区的遵义普通水牛首先聚类，然后依次与其余地区的普通水牛聚类。

ISSR markers were used to study the genetic relationship and investigate the genetic diversity and genetic structure for providing a theoretical basis and technical support for appropriate conservation and application of existing genetic resources of Tagetes.

通过ISSR分子标记研究品种资源遗传关系，探讨其种群遗传多样性水平和遗传结构，为了解品种间遗传多样性、品种间亲缘关系、育种及科学合理保存和利用现有万寿菊属种质资源提供理论依据和技术支持。

ABSTRACT It is because that the excellent acceptors for maize transgenic engineering are insufficient in our country, especially in the southwest mountain areas of china and hereditary variation regularity for the two characters such as efficiency of embryonic callus induction and number of regenerating plant (these two characters were abbreviated to the nduction efficiency and number of regenerating in the following of the paper, respectively), which hint the maize culturing capacity, is not very clear. Therefore, aiming at picking out superior acceptors, we had made systematic researches on the two characters with combing traditional quantitative-character genetic analyzing methods such as single-factor genetic mating design, diallel crossing genetic design, genetic effect analyzing method and the modern molecular locating method such as QTLs'. The main results are followed.(1) 50 superior inbred lines and about 30 crosses in our country, especially in the southwest of China were used for identifying and selecting the superior genotypes in the above two investigated characters under the same culturing condition in 2000 and 2001. There was very significant difference among the genotypes in the both characters. But the two characters were not certainly related. Some genotypes such as 18-599 and 18-599 were very good in them. For some ones such as zong 31, induction was higher than 18-599 and 18-599 in the efficiency, but it was only 1/3 to the later in regenerating number. In some genotypes such as S37, R08, R15, P138, A318, induction efficiency was just about 3% and scarcely any regenerating plants were got. On the whole, hybrids acted better than inbreeds in the both characters.(2) Two kind of inbreeds were selected as parents of the Griffing's method 1. 18-599 and 18-599 and the inbred line zong 31 are one kind because they are not only superior in the characters of maize cross breeding, such as CA, resistance to disease and the important agricultural characters, but also excellent in transformation characters as the induction and regeneration.

针对我国、特别是西南山地所需玉米转基因工程育种优良受体极为匮乏和反应玉米幼胚培养能力的2个主要性状，即玉米幼胚胚性愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数的遗传变异规律十分不清楚的实际情况，本研究从筛选玉米转基因工程所需要的优良受体入手，采用单因素遗传交配设计、双列杂交遗传交配设计、世代基因效应等传统数量性状分析方法，以及现代分子标记定位主效QTL分析方法，对玉米幼胚胚性愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数等2个性状进行了较为系统的分析研究，取得以下主要研究结果：(1)于2000年和2001年通过对我国、特别是西南地区近50份优良自交系和近30个杂交组合，在相同培养条件下，对幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数等2个幼胚培养能力性状进行了筛选与鉴定，发现玉米不同基因型具有完全不同的幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率和胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数，但幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率与胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数并不具有必然的相关关系，有的基因型，如自交系18-599和18-599在胚性愈伤组织诱导率和愈伤组织绿苗发生数等2个性状都表现相当优异；有的基因型，如自交系综31，仅幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率性状表现高于19-599和18-599，但在胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数这一性状则与它们有相当大的差距，仅为19-599和18-599的1/3左右；有的基因型，如S37、R08、R15、P138、A318等玉米自交系不仅幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织诱导率很低，平均仅在3％左右，而且胚性愈伤组织绿苗发生数表现也很差，基本上没有分化成苗。

The model was based on genetic tabu algorithm of global search and BP global network of local search precision features, combined genetic tabu algorithm and BP algorithm, and used genetic tabu algorithm initial weights of BP network, at the same time,used niching technology to improve genetic tabu algorithm.

该模型基于遗传禁忌算法的全局搜索和BP网络局部精确搜索的特性，将遗传禁忌算法和BP算法有机结合，利用遗传禁忌算法优化BP网络初始权重，同时引入小生境技术改进遗传禁忌算法。

Anticipated results of this core laboratory are to:(1) facilitate genetic epidemiological studies within the campus by means of active avocations, workshop, and collaboration;(2) help identify important genetic variants as well as contextual variables that influence the risk of metabolic syndrome in a community sample of large sample size;(3) help the gene mapping for schizophrenia by means of family-based association as well as schizophrenia-related endophenotype in non-clinical samples;(4) help train more students and research assistants who can deal with genetic epidemiology via hands-on experience; and (5) help researchers accomplish their genetic epidemiological investigation of the diseases they are interested in.

本核心实验室之预期结果为：(1)藉由主动推广、工作坊、研讨会等方式促进遗传流行病学研究；(2)对於社区样本中常见之代谢症候群，可协助找出相关的基因变异以及脉络因素；(3)藉由家族关联研究可协助对於精神分裂症基因定位分析，并探讨其内表型在非临床样本中的特性；(4)协助学生、助理亲手处理遗传流行学学分析的训练；(5)协助研究人员完成他们对於感兴趣疾病的遗传流行病学研究。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了