查询词典 genetic

That indicated the availability of SRAP technique in studying genetic variability in Arachis. Estimates of genetic distance among the 28 accessions Arachis section ranged from 0.12 to 0.75 with average genetic distance of 0.42. A genetic distance clarified that A-genome A. duranensis was most closely associated with tetraploid germplasm, which could be A-genome donors. Dendrogram of cluster analysis classified 28 accessions Arachis section into two groups: one including tetraploid germplasm, and A.

聚类分析表明，28份花生材料间的遗传距离变幅为0.12~0.75，平均为0.42，A基因组物种Arachis duranensis与栽培种花生的亲缘关系最近，可能是栽培种花生的A基因组的供体。28份种质分为两大类，第一大类包含四倍体种质及A基因组的A。

Optimal algorithm of combined nonlinear Hopfield network appears powerful validity in solving nonlinear planning, which includes nonlinear objective function, linear constrains and high-demension of decision-making variants, for its ability of nonlinear parallel computation. It is prominent among optimal algorithms because of its function of simply implement with electrocircuit hardware. Genetic algorithm is expressly suitable for optimal calculation regarding the planning of massive, highly nonlinear, inconsecutively differentiable and multiobjective function as well as objective function without analytical expression. However, it inclines to prematurity, as well as its limitation in ability of partial optimal search. Introducing the optimal algorithm of niche genetic simulated annealing to standard Genetic algorithm, can therefore improve the full-scale or partial search ability of Genetic algorithm effectively. It has a far-flung perspective in the field of systemic planning of water pollution control.

组合式非线性Hopfield网络优化算法所具有的非线性大规模并行计算能力在求解具有非线性目标函数、线性约束条件及高维决策变量的非线性规划问题方面显示出了强大的生命力，它易于电路硬件实现的功能更是在优化算法中独树一帜；遗传算法采用概率搜索技术，不受目标函数与约束条件的限制，特别适合大规模、高度非线性的不连续可微的多峰目标函数及无解析表达式的目标函数的规划问题的优化计算，但其存在容易早熟、局部寻优能力较差等缺点，本文在标准遗传算法中引入小生境技术及模拟退火算法有效地改善遗传算法的全局和局部搜索性能，提高了全局最优解的寻优质量，小生境遗传退火模拟优化算法在水污染控制系统规划中的应用前景极为广阔。

Based on a great many literature, this paper analyzes and summarizes the genetic algorithm for the design of structural optimization. The basic conceptions and primary characteristics are introduced in this paper. This paper discuss some primary factor when genetic algorithm applied on optimal design, for example the mathematical model、the constrained problem、the initial population and the controls parameter of genetic algorithm Aimed at the characteristic of structural optimization and finite-element analysis, this paper accomplishes the optimal program based on the simple genetic algorithm.

在广泛阅读文献和调研的基础上，本文对遗传算法及其在结构优化设计应用中的相关内容进行了分析和综合，对结构优化设计的基本概念、主要特点进行了介绍，对遗传算法应用于结构优化设计时的数学建模、约束条件处理、初始种群的产生及其遗传算法控制参数的选择几个关键因素作了概要的分析与研究。

Based on a great many literature, this paper analyzes and summarizes the genetic algorithm for the design of structural optimization. The basic conceptions and primary characteristics are introduced in this paper. This paper discuss some primary factor when genetic algorithm applied on optimal design, for example the mathematical model、the constrained problem、the initial population and the controls parameter of genetic algorithmAimed at the characteristic of structural optimization and finite-element analysis, this paper accomplishes the optimal program based on the simple genetic algorithm.

在广泛阅读文献和调研的基础上，本文对遗传算法及其在结构优化设计应用中的相关内容进行了分析和综合，对结构优化设计的基本概念、主要特点进行了介绍，对遗传算法应用于结构优化设计时的数学建模、约束条件处理、初始种群的产生及其遗传算法控制参数的选择几个关键因素作了概要的分析与研究。

The RAPD was used to study the genetic diversity of 19 KinXin series potato cultivars. The result showed that 52 RAPD bands were amplified using 7 primer, among them 43 bands were polymorphic, and 4~9 bands were amplified in each lane. The RAPD analysis indicated that the genetic distance of 19 potato cultivars was between 0.17~0.72, average value was 0.39. When all of the polymorphic bands were analysed by cluster analysis, 19 potato cultivars were classified into 3 groups. The analysis showed that there existed close sibship among the majority of potato cultivars, and the genetic distance between the minority cultivars and the others is longer, which indicate that the genetic basis of KeXin series potato cultivars is wide.

利用RAPD标记技术对19份克新系列马铃薯品种进行了遗传多样性分析，分别提取19份马铃薯品种的DNA，进行随机引物多态性扩增，从1000条随机引物中初步筛选出7条有多态性的引物进行详细研究，每条RAPD引物扩增出4~9条带，共获得52条带，其中多态性条带为43条；19份马铃薯品种的遗传距离介于0.17~0.72之间，平均值为0.39，平均遗传距离介于0.31~0.51之间；聚类分析结果在GS=0.53处可将克新系列马铃薯品种划分为三类，聚类结果与系谱分析基本相符，同时也说明克新系列马铃薯的遗传基础有所拓宽。

Genetic cluster analysis is similar based on the results of morphological and DNA markers, the five populations could be divided into three groups. But there are different groups sort of individual locations, reflecting the similarities and difference about the analysis of the relationship between population with the two kinds of markers, It could be concluded that there was coupling and relevance to some extent in evaluating genetic diversity with the same experiment sampling by morphological and SSR marker variation. However, there was also differences. In research, the two can complement each other.8. Identification of Genetic Relationship of Amygdalus plants by SSRThe genetic relationship among 55 Amygdalus plants collections, belonging to 6 species and collected from both homeland and abroad were identified via SSR molecular marker technique.

新疆野扁桃遗传多样性不同研究分析方法结果的比较与评价表型与DNA二种水平的遗传标记方法揭示的遗传多样性水平有差异，表型性状比DNA分子标记具有更大的变异性；其受到环境的影响较大，也即对环境更敏感。2种水平的遗传标记聚类结果将野扁桃5个不同分布群体均可分为3个大类群，但是出现有个别不同的群体排序位置，反映了2种标记在分析种群间关系上的异同性，从本研究结果来看，说明表型与DNA标记有一定的耦合性和相关性，但也存在差异，在研究上可以互为补充。8。

Genetic diversity of Croomia The results of inter-simple sequence repeat indicated that the genetic diversity of Croomia was very low. At the population level, the genetic diversity of C. japonica PPB = 21.20%, H_(pop= 0.0644, I = 0.0981, N_e=1.1077 was lower than that of C. heterosepala PPB = 29.81%, H_(pop= 0.0944, I = 0.1424, N_e=1.1613. But at the species level, the genetic diversity of C.

Croomia的遗传多样性分布格局 ISSR分子标记的研究结果显示，Croomia居群水平的遗传多样性很低，其中C.japonica的遗传多样性PPB=21.20％，H_(pop=0.0644，I=0.0981，N_e=1.1077稍低于C.heterosepala的PPB=29.81％，H_(pop=0.0944，I=0.1424，N_e=1.1613；而在物种水平上相反。C.japonica和C.heterosepala居群间的分化都明显大于居群内的分化，其居群间分化值F_分别为73.60％和54.99％。

Amon g them , four polymorphic loci with inevident genetic variation made little cont ribution to genetic variation of this population and other ten polymorphic loci with evident genetic variation made great contribution to genetic variation of this population .

其中有14个酶基因座属多态，只有一个单态基因座（ME－3）。14个多态基因座中，4个基因座遗传变异小，对该天然群体的遗传变异贡献不大，其余10个基因座遗传变异丰富，对该天然群体的遗传变异贡献大。

Furthermore, out of 497 fAFLP markers, 80 special bands were found to be able to distinguish the four groups from each other and may be applied for germplasm characterization and molecular assistant classification of Meretrix clam.4 Molecular classification of two species of Meretrix clam based on fAFLP and ITS sequences4.1 The results of fAFLP maker analysis of S, G and W showed that each group had their own specific loci among which there were 53 special loci in W group, much more than those of S group (14) and G group (21). Among the 53 loci, nine were all dominant loci. These unique loci could be taken as molecular markers to distinguish W from other groups. The genetic similarity indexes and distance matrix between S and G groups were 0.9585 and 0.0424 respectively, but the genetic similarity indexes and distance matrix between W group and S or G group was 0.7939 or 0.7941, and 0.2308 or 0.2305 respectively. The results revealed that significant difference existed between W and S or G groups in molecular genetic structure. The phylogenetic trees by the methods of UPGMA and NJ also indicated that S and G populations were very closely related, while W population was a relatively independent cluster, lying beyond the species which S and G belong to.4.2 The internal transcribed spacer region of the rDNA from S group, G group and W group were PCR amplified and sequenced. The results showed that the size of ITS ranged between 1266-1269bp in W group, while those in G and S groups were 1614bp and 1520bp respectively. The GC content ranged 62.32-62.62% in W group while it was 61.77% in G group. The genetic distances between three populations of W group were 0.001～0.003, but it was 0.110 or 0.147 respectively between W group and G group or S group. Phylogenetic trees by NJ method also showed that G group was very closely related to S group, while W group was a relatively independent cluster.

在457个总扩增位点中找出了53个W的特有位点，远多于S群体(14)和G(21)群体，而且在53个特有位点中有9个出现频率为100%的位点，这些位点可以作为区分其它2个群体的特征性标记；S– G群体特有的位点有112个，其中有4个位点出现频率为100%，可作为S– G群体区别于W群体的特征性标记。S群体和G群体间的遗传相似性系数为0.9585，遗传距离只有0.0424，在NJ和UPGMA法构建的亲缘关系的树状图上均首先聚在一起，说明二者的亲缘关系很近，应属于种内群体间的关系；而W与S和G的遗传相似性系数均较小(0.7939和0.7941)，相对遗传距离很大而且十分相近(0.2308和0.2305)，在亲缘关系树状图上单独分出一支，也表明W与S和G群体间的亲缘关系较远。4.2 ITS序列比较分析通过对白壳文蛤、山东文蛤和广西文蛤的ITS序列扩增电泳、PCR-RFLP分析和ITS序列分析发现，W的ITS序列长度在1266-1269 bp，而S和与G的ITS序列总长度分别为1520 bp和1614 bp；从ITS1和ITS2长度来看，W分别为739-741 bp和316-317 bp，S为895 bp和414 bp，G为987 bp和416 bp；而从ITS碱基组成来看，W的GC含量在62.32-62.62%之间，而G群体为61.77%。W的3个壳色不同群体间的遗传距离仅0.001、0.002和0.003，S与G群体间的遗传距离是0.010，说明W群体内变异很小，而S与G群体间已出现明显的遗传分化，但还均属于种内群体间的遗传变异；而W与G和S的遗传距离分别达到0.110、0.147，两个类群差异显著，已远超出种内群体间的遗传变异。

Based on the genetic distance of 26% by SSR data, the cluster analysis with un-weighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages produced 2 major clusters: cluster Ⅰ of higher degrees of genetic differentiation and Cluster Ⅱ of lower degrees of genetic differentiation relatively, which are composed of 30 cultivars, and another cluster of much higher degrees of genetic differentiation, which is only composed of the cultivars of FHIA 25 and Pisang Jari Buaya.

依据26%的遗传距离，除了FHIA25和Pisang Jari Buaya单独化成1组外，其它30个品种可以分为2组：品种间遗传差异相对较高的组Ⅰ和品种间遗传差异相对较低的组Ⅱ。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了