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The physical maps of mtDNAs from N.taihuensis Chen,Salvelinus taxa and Salmo salar were analyzed.Genetic distances between mtDNAs were calculated by the formula of Nei and Li(1979).Phylogenetic reconstruction method,UPGMA,was used to analyze the genetic relationships and the molecular dendrogram was established and revealed:the genetic distance between Salvelinus taxa and Salmo salar is 12.23% and that between N.taihuensis Chen and Salvelinus taxa-S.salar is 21.36%.Thisc indicates that Salangidae diverged from Salmoninae earlier.

比较了鲑形目3种鱼的线粒体DNA物理图谱，根据限制性位点差异法计算它们之间的遗传距离，利用UPGMA聚类分析法构建分子聚类图，结果表明：红点鲑属与大西洋鲑先聚在一起，再与太湖新银鱼相聚，前两者间遗传距离为12.33%，亲缘关系较近，太湖新银鱼与这两者间的遗传距离为21.36%，亲缘关系较远，表明银鱼科与鲑科分离较早。

Tigrina cantor. The results indicate that the percentage of polymorphic loci of R. tigrina rugulosa and R. rigrina cantor are 53.77% and 70.79%, respectively; the genetic diversity index are 0.1345 and 0.1780 and the inter-similarity index are 0.4238. The inter-strains genetic distance is 0.6613, indicating that the genetic variations of R.

tigrina cantor的种内种间遗传多样性及种质特异性分子标记，结果表明：中国虎纹蛙和泰国虎纹蛙多态位点比例分别为53.77%和70.79%；遗传多样性指数分别为0.1345和0.1780；种间的遗传相似系数为0.4238，遗传距离为0.6613。

Considering the difference of the use of clustering algorithms caused by the diffference of data distribution, on the base of the analysis of Kmeans algorithm, fuzzy Cmeans algorithm and genetic algorithm, a new algorithm was brought forward based on the genetic algorithm and the improved neighbor function criterion. In view of the intrinsic connection of the special and the advantage of genetic algorithms wholesearch strategy, to a certian extent, this new algorithm solve the problem about the uncompact and irregular data distribution.

考虑到空间数据分布特性差异造成聚类算法采用的不同，在比较分析K均值算法、模糊均值算法和遗传算法的基础上，提出了改进的近邻函数准则，并有机整合形成遗传算法与改进近邻函数准则的新算法，综合了遗传算法的全局性概率搜索的优点，并考虑到空间数据内在的连接方式，在一定程度上较好地解决了数据的非致密非规则分布问题。

If it provides more interests than drawbacks, genetic enhancement could be supported and could be applied. But if the drawbacks exceed benefits, genetic enhancement must be curded. Taking account of consequences is the perspective of utilitarianism, and hence a good starting for our considerations. Peter Singer, a utilitarian, and his preference utilitarianism and the principle of equal consideration is naturally the best choice for such discussions. His point of view gives weights to the preference of parents, society, and environment and puts the account of interest in genetic enhancement more in focus.

而如果要从利益的多寡来看待基因增强，则以功利主义的角度为出发点就会是相当合适的，因为功利主义在考量一件事情的可行性，就是要考量到所有受到事件影响的事物，当把全部的利益都计算进去，才能够了解这件事所带来的利益是否大於弊端，辛格是一位功利主义者，而且他还著重於每个人偏好的考量，对於地球上所有物种的利益也都平等看待，因此，以他的观点做为本篇论文的论据，在计算基因增强所带来的利弊之外，还能够更贴近每位受到基因增强影响的父母、社会、环境的偏好，将利益的计算考量的更加缜密。

The aim of this article is to review the main perspectives of psychiatric genetic epidemiology and to provide several illustrative examples for readers of various genetic diatheses as they relate to cognitive function, personality characteristics, as well as to the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Full text in Chinese

本文旨在对於精神遗传流行病学几个观点作一介绍，并藉由一些研究的结果举例说明，让读者对於精神疾病的遗传基因、认知功能、人格特质等各种遗传机制有不同的认识，并进一步了解遗传与环境之间的交互作用。

2Based on the nonlinear theory, we found the reservoir seismic nonlinearprediction and evaluation method technology, it is constituted by three nonlinearmethods and the technologys of the fracture prediction, the seismic inversion and thereservoir synthesis prediction evaluation: The seismic nonlinear prediction ofreservoir fracture is one new method which is composed with the phase spacereconstruction, the nonlinear parameters pick-up technology and the syntheticprediction evaluation method. The reservoir seismic high resolution nonlinearinversion is a new seismic inversion way which the BP algorithm is embeded in theauto-adapted genetic algorithms interior to have the predominances of neural networktechnology and genetic algorithms, it adopts the new embedded GA-BP mixalgorithms and the nonlinear mapping technology, and realizes the inversionautomatically, obtains the high resolution seismic inversion profile. The reservoirseismic nonlinear synthesis prediction and evaluation is a new method which iscombined organically of genetic algorithms and adaptive neural fuzzy inferencesystem, it will optimize the new seismic attribute space which are processed to take the input, uses the new adaptive mix algorithm which GDand LSE(least-square estimation) mix algorithms of ANFIS network insert to the GAinterior and taboo search algorithms is added to the intercrossed operation place,the simulation of the evaluation parameters is used quantitative evaluation guide lineto the reservoir quality and oil-gas distribution.

2基于非线性理论，创建了储层地震非线性预测与评价方法技术，它是由裂缝预测、地震反演和储层综合预测与评价等三大非线性方法与技术组成：储层裂缝地震非线性预测是由相空间重建、非线性参数提取与预测技术及综合评价方法组成的一种新型裂缝预测方法；储层地震高分辨率非线性反演是将BP算法嵌入自适应遗传算法内部所构成的集遗传算法和神经网络技术优势于一体的新的地震反演方法，它采用嵌入式新的混合算法及非线性映射技术，自动实现反演，获得高分辨率地震反演剖面；储层地震非线性综合预测与评价是由遗传算法与自适应神经网络—模糊推理系统有机地相结合而产生的储层预测与评价的新方法，它将优化处理所形成的新地震属性参数空间作为输入，采用将ANFIS网络中的混合算法嵌入到GA算法内部与禁忌搜索算法加在交叉操作处产生新的自适应混合算法，将综合评价参数作为储层品质和含油气性的定量评价指标。

The average genetic merit of these young sires will be above that of proven sires, however as they are still unknown commodities as to what they will transmit the genetic progress is the second slowest method of genetic progress.

平均遗传优点，这些年轻的绵羊将上述行之有效的绵羊，但是由于他们仍是未知之品，因为他们将把遗传进展是第二慢方法遗传进展。

In this experiment,nad4 and cox1 genetic variation of cestodes were firstly studied.Genetic variation and DNA polymorphism of mitochondria were carried out from mitochondrial gene.So the effective genetic markers were found which studied molecular taxonomy and Phylogenetic relationship of cestodes.This study have filled in the blank space of research that was related to China\'s cestodes mitochondrial genome research.

本试验首次对绦虫nad4和cox1基因的遗传变异情况进行研究，从线粒体基因的角度，开展绦虫线粒体遗传变异和DNA多态性方面的研究，找到了研究绦虫分子分类学、种群遗传关系有效的遗传标记，填补了我国寄生绦虫线粒体全基因组相关研究的空白。

Persica. Meanwhile, genetic diversity, genetic structure, genetic differences of demes were analyzed with RAPD markers.

与此同时，利用RAPD标记对桃遗传多样性、类群的遗传结构、类群间的遗传差异等方面进行分析。

Based on the crossing data among these flatfishes, the relationship between pairwise genetic distance and hybrid fitness was evaluated. The findings indicated that positive relationship might exist between genetic distance and hybrid fitness. The pairwise genetic divergence between species decreased as the interspecific hybrid fitness largened. These results implied that speciation clock might exsit in Pleuronectiformes.

根据这几种鲆鲽鱼的杂交是否可行的试验结果，评价种间遗传距离与杂交可适度的关系，结果表明，这8种鲆鲽鱼类的种间遗传距离与杂交可适度呈显著的负相关(r2 = 0.805，P 0.01)，即种间遗传分化越大，杂交成功的可能性越小，这表明鲆鲽鱼类中可能存在物种进化的不亲和钟。

The network space is the typical form of abstract space when it comes to the digital stage.

网络空间是抽象空间数字化阶段的典型形式。

The Notarial System,as the system of judicial certification in our country,is both the constructor and the defender of social credit system,It has its special value and function in the social honesty.

公证制度作为我国司法证明制度，既是社会信用体系的建设者，同时也是社会信用的捍卫者，在诚信中有其特殊的价值和功能。