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Beginning with some cases, the article gives basic definitions of inverse problems and ill-posed problems. Then it discusses the Moore-Penrose generalized solution and the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse, and makes a conclusion that linear compact operator equations are ill-posed, that is, the Moore-Penrose generalized solution is unstable.

本文从一些实例出发，介绍了反问题和不适定问题的基本概念，并讨论了方程的Moore-Penrose广义解和Moore-Penrose广义逆，得出了线性紧算子方程的不适定性，即Moore-Penrose广义解的不稳定性的结论。

In this paper, taking the downward continuation of potential field as an inverse problem of upward continuation, we obtain a convolution type linear integral equation for downward continuation. Making use of the orthogonal symmetry characteristic of Fourier transform matrix, and combining the principles of singular value decomposition of matrix and generalized inverse, we proposed a stable generalized inverse method for downward continuation of potential field, called wavenumber domain generalized inverse algorithm, which doesn't need the computation for inverse matrix. It resolves the instability of potential field downward continuation of large depth.

本文通过把位场向下延拓视为向上延拓的反问题，得到向下延拓的褶积型线性积分方程，再利用Fourier变换矩阵的正交对称特性，并结合矩阵的奇异值分解和广义逆原理，提出了一种稳定的不需要进行求逆运算的位场向下延拓广义逆方法——波数域广义逆算法，解决了位场大深度向下延拓的不稳定性问题。

The 7-day low flow was regarded as statistical quantity, on the base of analysis of the discordancy measure and heterogeneity measure, the regional low flow frequency for Donjiang basin was carried out using L-moments based five frequency distributions with three parameters viz. Generalized Pareto, Generalized extreme-value, Generalized Logistic, Lognormal (LN3) and Pearson type Ⅲ. Based on the L-moments ratio diagram,{Z} and τ4-statistic criteria, LN3 distribution was identified as the most appropriate distribution for the homogeneous region with the 14 sites.

以年最小七日平均流量作为枯水径流的统计特征量，在水文站点一致性分析、水文相似区鉴别的基础上，以常见的5种三参数分布函数：Generalized Pareto分布、Generalized Extreme-Value分布、Generalized Logistic分布、LogNormal分布(LN3)和Pearson type Ⅲ为研究对象进行东江流域区域枯水频率分析。

Exponential family nonlinear models, or generalized nonlinear models are generalized from generalized linear models and nonlinear regression.

指数族非线性模型或广义非线性模型是广义线性模型和正态回归模型的自然推广。

The early references include -[5], which are based on the linear models or generalized linear models; on the other hand, [6]-[10] are those based on the nonlinear models which are more practical. But they are all restricted in the exponential family of distributions. That will not practice in most of the trials. Although being the most flexible among them, the estimation methods in [1] has many disadvantages for requiring the model to be generalized linear. Based on [1], this paper extended the method to the generalized nonlinear model.

较早的如[1]-[5]，他们都是基于线性或广义线性模型进行分析研究；而基于更为实用的非线性模型的研究则有：[6]-[10]等，他们大多由于模型要求数据属于指数分布族或者模型假定为线性模型，这都限制了模型的实用性，其中以[1]所提的一系列广义线性估计方程实用范围较广，但其模型中要求的广义线性模型还是具有一定的局限性。

The Dinkelbach-type algorithm for generalized fractional program whose objective function is composed of infinite fractions was generalized. Properties of a parameter program and convergence of a class of generalized algorithm were discussed.

就一类目标函数中有无限个分式的广义分式规划问题，在已有的相应的Dinkelbach型算法的基础上作了进一步的推广，使其成为一簇算法；讨论了一个参数规划的性质和该簇算法的收敛性。

The weighted Moore-Penrose inverse is a special generalized inverse which is an important basic tool in many branches of mathematics and has extensive applications in other fields such as economics, information processing, automatic control, etc. Recently, the study of generalized inverse of matrices associating with more general algebra such as ring, semiring and so on generalize the theory and methods of generalized inverse deeply and characterize the structure of algebra as well.

加权Moore-Penrose逆是一种特殊的广义逆，它不仅是许多数学分支的基本工具，而且在经济学、信息处理、自动控制等其他领域有着广泛的应用，近年来，结合环、半环等更一般的代数系统的矩阵广义逆的研究，不仅将广义逆的理论和方法作了更加深入的推广，而且也成了刻画代数结构的有力工具。

A relativistic transformation of generalized coordinates is discussed and it is found that the first law of thermodynamics and the equation of state of an ideal gas are invariant with respect to the relativistic transformation of generalized coordinates , so that the existence of relativistic transformation of generalized coordinates is reasonable.

讨论了一个涉及热力学的广义坐标的相对论变换，发现热力学第一定律和理想气体状态方程对广义坐标的相对论变换具有不变性，表明广义坐标的相对论变换有其存在的理由

Finally, the calculation process of CGR graphic's multi-fractal analysis was studied. the scope of choice of the weight factor and the scale invariance range were discussed, the weight factor can be chosen as ? 15≤q≤50; multi-fractal spectrum and generalized dimension of different sequence were calculated, multi-fractal spectrum and generalized dimension in different scales of different sequences were compared, it was found that multi-fractal spectrum and generalized dimension can show different levels of fractal characteristics of CGR graphics of DNA sequence, which can distinguish more complex structure of sequences.

最后，研究了DNA序列CGR图形的多重分形的计算过程，讨论了权重因子及满足标度不变性的范围选择等问题，得到结论：对CGR图形进行多重分形时权重因子可以选择为-15≤q≤50；计算了不同序列的多重分形谱和广义维数，比较了不同序列不同尺度的多重分形谱和广义维数，发现多重分形谱和广义维数能够表现DNA序列CGR图形的不同层次的分形特征，能够区分更复杂的序列结构。

A generalized Gaussian Laplacian eigenmap algorithm based on geodesic distance is proposed,which incorporates geodesic distance and generalized Gaussian function into the original Laplacian eigenmap algorithm.GGLE algorithm can adjust the similarities between nodes of neighborhood graph,and can preserve the different degrees of local properties by using super-Gaussian function,Gaussian function or sub-Gaussian function.Moreover,GGLE can avoid the deficiency of Euclidean distance by using geodesic distance when neighborhoods of data points are enlarged for preserving more neighborhood relations.Experimental results show that the global low-dimensional coordinates obtained by GGLE have different clustering properties and different degrees of preserving local neighborhood structures when different generalized Gaussian functions are used to measuring the similarities between high-dimensional data points.(3) An ensemble-based discriminant algorithm based on GGLE is proposed.

该算法将测地线距离和广义高斯函数融合到传统的拉普拉斯特征映射算法中，可以调整近邻图结点间的相似度，通过选择超高斯、高斯或者次高斯函数来实现不同程度的近邻局部特性的保持；而且当需要保持更多的近邻关系使得数据点邻域增大时，采用测地线距离可以避免欧氏距离度量不合理的缺陷；实验结果表明在用不同的广义高斯函数度量高维数据点间的相似度时，局部近邻结构保持的程度是不同的，GGLE获得的全局低维坐标也呈现出不同的聚类特性。

The dissecting of samples in group2 were difficult. The root of pulmonary artery and ascending aorta failed to be unfolded because fibrous tissue was tough, right and left fibrous trigone were too firm to be solved by hand. Cardiac muscle fibers couldn't be stripped along myofibrillar trajectory since they were prone to break because of their friability.

组2的心脏解剖困难，表现为纤维组织坚韧，游离肺动脉非常困难；徒手无法松解左、右纤维三角，肺动脉和主动脉根部的游离非常困难；心肌纤维坚硬、质脆，解剖时容易断离成碎块，无法沿纤维走行方向剥离。

We have battled against the odds in a province that has become increasingly violent.

我们对在一个争夺日益激烈省的可能性。