查询词典 general education

Snow in 1959, in theory, the general education should be to make up for the limitation of the academic mind caused by the excessive subdivisions of disciplines. Currently, the curriculum of general education in Taiwan University is often used as the professional standard as to the concept in contents, or with science and natural sciences related fields, it may even be set as a leading role in balance seeking. It is; therefore, doubtable that while college education devotes in breaking the barriers of knowledge or academic disciplines, and attempts to establish enriched yet systematic general education, at the same time, helplessly returns to the breakthrough of academic condition described by C.P. Snow where "the Humanities" and "the Science" still confront anxiously. This would not only fail to achieve the consilience in knowledge but also lead to a possible fracture.

P Snow在1959所提出「种文化」的概上进发展的话，那麼通教育在上应该是弥补学科分工过细、导致学术心受到限制的现象；然而目前台湾的大学通教育，由於经常被当成与「专业」相标举的内容概，甚至是被定成与工或自然科学等相关域寻求平衡或对话的角色，因此免让人怀疑：当大学教育致於打破知或学科的藩篱，并且试图建丰富而有系统的通教育时，是否无且吊诡地重新走回史当时所描述并尝试突破改变的学术况－「人文」与「科学」依然充满紧张与对，知仅难以达到融通、甚至陷入另一种断的可能？

The result shows that: with the expansion of teacher education space, the reform and development of Chinese teacher education is much closer or equal to that of the international teacher education. The transitional stage and education reform in China puts forward a new demand for P. E. talents. The innovation as to education object, specification and curriculum arrangement raised in P. E. Curriculum Arrangement for Chinese Universities with four-year Program published in 2003 meets such a demand, and narrows the gap of education development in high P. E. academy between China and foreign countries. P. E. teachers abroad are usually cultivated by comprehensive universities, the cultivating objectives are verified, and generalists adapted to social development are emphasized. Cultivating mode abroad are various, with "open-type" or "non-directional type" as the main mode, and 4-year program, 5-year program, and 3-year program serve as the main form of education system. Curriculum arrangement abroad stresses general education, with foundationalization, normalization, objectification, optionalization, miniaturization, internationalization and syntheticalization as its characteristics and it employs credit system. The close-typed cultivating mode of P. E. academies in China should be gradually transformed into open-type or multi-type, cultivating generalists instead of specialists, and further constructing a new one with several cultivating types co-existing. Orientation of P.E. teachers in China should follow standard principle, coordination principle, experience principle and resource principle. To improve P.E teacher education in China, the following measures can be taken: relevant laws and regulations should be made for orientation; P.E teachers" training organization should be encouraged to participate in orientation; extension and connotation of P.E. teacher education should be expanded; resources should be optimize; systematic P.E. teachers" orientations should be organized;"Life P.E. Teacher Qualification "should be changed; useful-life should be set for P. E. teacher qualification; P.E. teacher qualification should be regularly authenticated; On-job training of P. E. teachers abroad tends to be systematic, but in China P.E. teachers" on-job training and prevocational training are separated; therefore measures must be taken to change this circumstance and thus speed up the systematic process. Factors concerning constructing a new system of P. E teachers are the following: reconstructing resources, making P.E. teachers" cultivation, orientation and training systematic, establishing a mechanism for encouragement and punishment, making school-based training and college training systematic, and setting up a mechanism combining directional training with non-directional training.

研究结果表明：随着教师教育革新空间的拓展，我国体育教师教育的改革与发展水平逐步与国际体育教师教育发展趋于接轨化。2003年颁布的《全国普通高校体育教育本科专业课程方案》在培养目标和规格、课程设置上的创新性，适应了我国社会转型和教育改革对体育教育专业人才的需求，进一步缩小了与国外高等体育院系教育发展的差距；国外体育教师一般由综合性大学或文理多科性大学培养，培养目标多向化，以培养适应社会发展的通才型人才为主；培养模式灵活多样，多数以"开放型"或"非定向型"培养模式为主，学制多以4年制、5年制、3年为主；课程设置上注重通识教育，突出基础化、师范化、针对化、选修化、小型化、国际化和综合化特点，实行完全学分制的教育管理制度；我国普通高校体育教育本科专业人才培养模式应该由封闭性转向开放式混合型的人才培养模式转变，由专才型转向复合型人才培养模式转变，构建多种类型并存的人才培养模式；我国体育教师入职教育革新应遵循的原则是本位原则、协同原则、经验原则和时间与资源原则，改进措施有：做好入职教育的法规化、制度化建设，激励体育师资培育机构参与体育教师的入职教育，拓展体育教师教育的外延和内涵，优化整合资源，系统组织体育教师的入职教育，改变体育教师资格"终身制"，设定体育教师资格有效期限，推行教师资格定期认证制度等；国际上体育教师在职培训体系显现了体育教师教育一体化的发展取向，但我国体育教师的在职培训与职前培养存在分离性，必须采取改革措施，加速我国体育教师教育的一体化进程；构建体育教师教育新体系的实施要素是：重组资源配置，实现体育教师培养、入职和培训一体化，建立奖惩机制，实现校本与院校培训一体化，建立体育教师定向与非定向培养培训有机结合机制。

General education has always had great importance to ancient Chinese tradition; this tradition has extended to the Republic, but to the founding of the PRC, as a result of the Soviet Model introduction, general education completely removed from the stage of Chinese higher education, the professional education was acting the role which outshined others.

中国古代一直有着重视通识教育精神的传统，这种传统一直延续到民国时期，但是到建国后，由于苏联模式的引进，通识教育彻底退出中国高等教育的舞台，专业教育扮演着一枝独秀的角色。

The paper has also made a number of general education reform proposal that the general education development needs the support of the Government, professional education and to correctly handle the relationship between general education, it is necessary to attach importance to the building of the contingent of teachers, strengthen institutional building.

本文亦相应的提出了若干的通识教育改革建议，即通识教育的发展需要政府的支持、正确处理专业教育与通识教育的关系、要重视教师队伍的建设、加强体制建设等。

Although the representative of the general education development in the direction of modern universities, but in the whole world to the extent that it has not been universally recognized, or because of its significance has not been well understood by, for example, the university sector in China, even general education Is a little-known things, or because there are still people persist in the modern university education is professional education.

通才教育虽然代表了现代大学发展的方向，但是在整个世界的范围内，它并没有得到普遍的承认，这或者是因为它的意义尚未为人所理解，比如，在中国的大学界，通才教育甚至是一个鲜为人知的东西，或者是因为仍然有人坚持现代大学教育就是专业教育。

Part two: Describe briefly the history of general education in American higher education before 1980', make clear the development of general education in American education.

第二部分简要描述了20世纪80年代以前美国大学通识教育的历史发展及其不同的课程设置形态，明确了一定时期美国社会的大环境和大学通识教育变革之间的联系，从而为第三部分打基础。第三部分是本文的重点和难点。

In this papers, the author research the development of general education in the University of Chicago in the history, as well as the present specific pattern, clarifies the meaning of the general education. At the same time, according to the successful case of general education in the University of Chicago, the author proposes some suggestions on the advancement of general education in China research universities.

本文从历史的角度，通过对芝加哥大学通识教育历史发展以及现行的通识教育具体模式的考察，进一步澄清对通识教育的认识，并根据芝加哥大学通识教育实施的成功案例，对我国通识教育的实施提出建议。

This paper analyzes the main "bottlenecks" of general education development in present chinese universities, such as a lack of perception of general education, the poor quality of general education courses and a shortage of faculties etc. based on these analyses, this paper also delivers some measures to improve the quality of general education.

本文分析了当前我国内地高校推进通识教育发展的瓶颈，即对通识教育的理念缺乏深层次的认识，通识课程质量不高，通识课程师资力量薄弱；提出了改进高校通识教育质量的对策，即进一步深化对大学通识教育理念的认识，努力提升通识课程质量，加强通识课程师资队伍建设。

And as a conclusion, the author summarizes three characteristics from the history of Harvard general education: first, Harvard general education embodies the features of times; second, the presidents of Harvard play a key role in the development of general education; third, relatively complete systems of general education curriculum were developed to realize the objectives of talents training throughout different ages.

在结论中，总结出了哈佛大学通识教育发展历程中的三个特点：一是哈佛大学通识教育具有鲜明的时代特色；二是哈佛大学校长在其通识教育的发展中起到了重要作用；三是哈佛大学为实现其通识教育目标规划了完整的通识教育课程体系。

Xingtai Xingtai Institute is located in the urban area, was founded in 1910, formerly the fourth Chihli primary school teacher, is a financial and non-teacher education teacher education, general education and adult education, training and pre-job training as one of the many Section of general undergraduate institutions, the recent major categories of teacher-based education, will be gradually built into the text, science, engineering, economics, law, management, history, education, a wide range of disciplines, such as a comprehensive undergraduate university.

邢台学院位于邢台市区，始建于1910年，前身是直隶第四初级师范学堂，是一所融教师教育与非教师教育、普通教育与成人教育、职前培养与在职培训为一体的多科性普通本科院校，近期以教师教育类专业为主，将逐步建设成为文、理、工、经、法、管、史、教育等学科门类齐全的综合性本科大学。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。