查询词典 gauge

Third,similar to the case of pure Bose system,for sAKNS hierarchydefined by the constraints of SKP2 hierarchy,we present one unified way tosolve sAKNS hierarchy in terms of two types of gauge transformation.

第三，类似于纯玻色情形，对于由SKP2系列的约束所定义的AKNS系列的超对称化-sAKNS系列，我们提出一个用两种类型规范变换求解它的统一方式。

Using Lewis-Riesenfeld theory, we obtain exact solutions of the time-dependent system, then we recover both n -pulse method based on time-evolution operator of the system and STIRAP method in terms of instantaneous eigenstates with the help of time-dependent gauge transformation.

利用含时规范变换理论得到系统的精确解，我们用时间演化算符同时得到文献中分别采用π-位相法和STIRAP方法得到的结果，因而更具有普遍性。

For the timelike surfaces with constant positive Gaussian curvature (K=1) in R〓, we construct the correspondence between R〓 and sl (2, R), and deduce the fundamental equations for a special choice of the velocity of motion of time-like surfaces in asymptotic coordinates under suitable conditions, meanwhile, we give the B〓cklund transformation and one soliton solution of the evolution equations, then in terms of a gauge transformation we obtain the explict expression of the motion of surfaces.

对于三维Minkowski空间R〓中具有正常高斯曲率（K=1）的类时曲面，取定特定速度，在以渐近线作为坐标曲线的情况下，曲面运动满足两个基本方程，即sinh-Gordon方程和θ随时间演化的方程（其中θ表示两条渐近线之间的夹角），同时给出两个基本方程的B〓cklund变换和单孤子解，并通过规范变换给出相应的正常高斯曲率曲面的显式表达式。

In the case ofreflectionlessness,after determining the gauge transformation,expressions of multi-soliton solutions of the L-L equation with an easy plane are obtained explicitly bysolving the linear algebraic equations with the aid of the well-known Binet-Canchyformula.

由于要克服因Jost解在参数趋于无穷时不独立于L-L方程的解的困难，必须引进规范变换，这是不涉及微分方程的Riemann问题方法无法解决的。

By using a gauge transformation between thetwo eigenvalue problems, we obtain a correspondence between the hie -rarchy of nonlinear evolution equations associated with the Kaup-Newelleigenvalue problem and the hie rarchy of nonlinear evolution equationsassociated with the AKNS eigenvalue problem.

利用规范变换，我们得到了与Kaup-Newell特征值问题相联系的一族非线性演化方程和与AKNS特征值问题相联系的一族非线性演化方程之间的一个对应关系，并给出了Kaup-Newell系统的Darboux变换及其证明。

Further, with the help of Riccati equations, an infinite number of conservation laws for the solton hierarchy are deduced. For the sake of simplicity, taking the general TD hierarchy as an illustrative example, we prove that its 2×2 Lenard pair of operators forms a Hamiltonian pair. Thus the isospectral evolution TD hierarchy is the general Hamiltonian system and possesses the Bi-Hamiltonian structures and Multi-Hamiltonian structures. By using the method of derivation of functional under some constraint condition, a complete one-to-one correspondence between the Hamiltonian functions of the hierarchy and its conservation density functions can be built. These results can also be applied to the isospectral evolution soliton hierarchy of this paper. Finally, there's a gauge transformation between the spectral problem of this paper and the AKNS system. Moreover, the potentials in these spectral problems satisfy the general Miura transformation, the corresponding relationship between the two soliton hierarchies is also given.

进一步本文还通过特征函数的组合关系所满足的Riccati方程，得到了该等谱方程族的无穷多个守恒律；为简便起见，本文以广义TD族为例，由它的2×2 Lenard算子对的性质证明了此算子对为Hamilton算子对，这说明广义TD族是广义Hamilton系统且具有Bi-Hamilton结构和Multi-Hamilton结构；进而利用它的依赖于谱参数的一般守恒密度的积分在约束条件下求泛函导数的方法，得到了广义TD族的Hamilton函数与守恒密度之间的对应关系，这些性质对于由本文提出的2×2谱问题所导出的等谱孤子族仍成立；另外此谱问题与AKNS系统存在着规范变换，位势之间有广义Miura变换，而孤子方程之间也满足一定的等价关系。

Taking advantage of gauge transformation and dipolar approximation, we qualitatively derive rotating Bose-Hubbard model.Then finite temperature phase boundary between superfluid phase and normal state in rotating Bose-Hubbard model is analytically derived by studying the stability of normal state in rotating bosonic optical lattice.We also analytically prove that as the function of rotation angular velocity the oscillation of critical hopping matrix directly follows the upper boundary of Hofstadter butterfly.

4通过做一个规范变换和偶极近似，定性地推导了旋转Bose-Hubbard模型，并且通过研究正常态不动点的稳定性推广了旋转Bose-Hubbard模型的零温相图到有限温度的情形；另外根据系统有效的能带宽度与旋转速度的关系(Hofstadter蝴蝶)，得到了系统的临界跃迁矩阵随旋转速度的改变展示谐振行为的结论。

To overcome the difficulty caused by the fact that the Lax pair depends on thesolution of the equation as |k|→∞,we write the Darboux matrix with N-poles inthe form:〓,where factor 〓 is a gauge transformation which isindepent from k and 〓 tends to the unit-matrix I as |k|→∞.

为了克服当|k|→∞时，Lax对仍依赖于方程的解所引起的困难，我们把含N对极点的Darboux矩阵〓分解为两部分：〓，其中〓为与参数k无关的2×2矩阵，它相当于一个规范变换。而〓当|k|→∞时趋于单位矩阵I。

In this section, I will explain how you can use the gauge control in your application.

在本节中，我将解释如何使用您的应用程序中的厚度控制。

It's difficult to gauge one's character.

估量一个人的性格是很难的。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷