查询词典 gas well

This study analysised the condition of Xinjiang's petroleum resource and made an evaluation and it points out that the development of petroleum and natural gas of Xinjiang is still in the developing period in which it aims at discovering the petrol field and increasing its reserves.Although it has a great exploring potential,because of its geograghy limitation and a lack of exploring funds,the exploring level is till low,even lower than the everage level of the whole country. The study is based on theories of industry distributions,its concentration,macroscopic analysis,government regulations and continuing development.From microcosmic and macroscopic aspects,it scientifically and systematically analyses the problems in the development of petroleum industry in Xinjiang.It points that the developments of middle and upper reaches lack a balance and have no rational industry structures.So it is hard to form an integral industry chains.Moreover,the upper reach covers a too much large proportion in the development,so it can not give a strong impetus to other industries.Based it,the paper points the industrial concentration of Petroleum Chemical Products Manufacture of Xinjiang should be enhanced and Input to Petroleum Chemical Products Manufacture of Xinjiang should be increased.Due to a lack of an established fair and competitive market and government's perfect laws and regulations on petroleum industry,it points that the phenomenon of mixed operation has become common in monolopied business and competitive business,so the systems of petroleum industry needs to be restructured.It states clearly that the country should take the development and benefits of Xinjiang's economy into consideration when making strategies for petroleum development .Besides,the allocation of profits between the center and the local should be well arranged so that we can guarantee the profits of Xinjiang ,considered as a resource area.It also reveals that we should not only overcome limitations of resources,environment,economy and technology on continuring development,but also we should deal with some realistic problems well.For instance,contradictions between the concept of limited resource and continuing development,the relationship between petroleum industry's own features and continuing development,the contradictions between the limits on supply of petroleum and the need of future development of continuing resource ,outdated petroleum technology and the need of advanced technology for continuing development,tremendous damages to environment and requirements of environment protection for continuing development and Xinjiang continuing economic development,outdated policy of industry and continuing development,the relationship between continuing development of Xinjiang petroleum industry and continuing economic development of Xinjiang.

本研究以产业布局理论、产业集中度理论、灰关联分析理论、政府规制理论、可持续发展理论为依据，从微观、宏观两个层面，科学、系统、全面地分析新疆石油产业的发展问题，指出：新疆石油天然气目前仍处于油气田发现和增储的主要发展阶段，开发潜力巨大，但由于地质原因及勘探投入的不足，石油天然气探明程度偏低，低于全国平均水平；新疆石油产业产业结构布局不合理、上中下游发展不平衡，难以形成完整的产业链条，对工业的带动力与其本身具有的经济总量很不匹配；新疆石油开采业和石油加工业属于高度寡头垄断的市场类型，新疆石油化工业属于竞争型的市场结构，要想石油产业对新疆经济有较强的带动作用，新疆石油化工业必须上升到一定的层次和规模，在提高规模的基础上，提高新疆化工业的产业集中度；新疆石油加工业和化工业与农业呈现较高的关联度，加大对石油加工业和化工业的投入，对新疆经济的协调发展有着深远的影响；政府要从石油产业本质特征和发展趋势为着眼点，实施规制改革，分开政府规制政策的制定部门和监管部门职能，建立健全石油产业法律法规体系，对垄断性业务和竞争性业务实施分类规制；国家石油发展战略的制定应兼顾新疆区域经济的发展和利益，应切实处理好新疆与中央的利益分配，切实保证新疆作为资源产区合理的资源收益；新疆石油产业要想得以可持续发展，不仅要克服影响可持续发展的资源、环境、经济和技术等客观因素，还要处理好观念、需求、政策等诸多主观因素。

Many technical measures have been taken as follows to ensure the safety management: a. operation steps of installing the cross joints are improved to guard against damage on metal sealing and the hanger; b. well logging is applied to gas testing so as to achieve early warning in a scientific way; c. the burning processing unit of QTI3000 is widely used to reduce the bad impact on the environment; d. the articulation of perforating gun is improved to alleviate labor intensity and shorten the perforating time so as to shut down the well promptly in case of any accidents.

在安全技术措施上，改进了坐完井悬挂器操作步骤，避免损坏金属密封，造成悬挂器损坏；将录井技术应用于试气作业，实现了科学预警；推广应用了QTI3000型焚烧处理装置，降低了对环境的不良影响；改进了射孔枪的连接方法，减轻了工人的劳动强度，缩短了起射孔枪时间，能在起钻发生井喷失控前及时控制关井。

Aimed at current situation of our country oil-gas field exploitation, and based on the damage mechanism knowledgement and research of reservoir permeability in the course of produced water reinjection, and its effects for the injectivity of water-injection well, The paper makes the theory and experiment study for the injectivity damage of the water-injection well caused by suspended solid particals in reinjection water and water-oil mobility discrepancy.

本文针对我国水驱油田开发现状，在深入认识和研究产出水回注对地层渗透能力损害机理及其对注水井注入能力影响的基础上，对由回注水中固相悬浮颗粒及水油流度差异造成的注水井注入能力损害进行了理论和实验研究。

By systemic researching and simulating experiment, the text gains such results as follows,1. On the base of sufficiency research on the oil-gas hydrocarbon systemic chemistry composing and the physical chemistry characters, we traverse the mechanism of the paraffin's deposition. Then we consider that paraffin deposition is a complex process ofphysical chemistry, which includes more than one single mechanism.2. Traversing and comparing the literature in detail on different factors that has effect on paraffin deposition, the available experimental methods on paraffin deposition, prevention of paraffin deposition, and removing of the deposited paraffin on the spot.3. Ameliorated the laser equipment of solid particle inspecting system and the corresponding test methods. Determine WCT of dead oil and live oil from KS101 well under different pressure with this system. The result implies that dead oil has opposite regulation on paraffin deposition temperature to live oil.4. A vapor-liquid-solid envelop is drawn by superposition regular vapor-liquid envelop and WCT curve thereby explained that the departure and quick raising of the curve in the low temperature zone is caused by the appearance of paraffin in solid phase.5. Estimation is made to determine the depth of paraffin deposition in the well.

通过系统的研究和实验模拟，本文取得了以下研究成果：(1)在充分调研油气烃类体系的化学组成及其物理化学特征的基础上，详细研究了石蜡沉降的机理，认为石蜡沉积是一个复杂的物理化学过程，是多种机理共同作用的结果；(2)深入调研并综合阐述了影响石蜡固相沉积的各种主要因素，对目前国内外常用的有机固相沉积实验研究方法和现场清防蜡措施也做出详尽的描述，并加以对比评价；(3)改进了油气藏开发重点实验室自行研制组装的高温高压下测定固相沉积的激光装置和测试方法，并用该套设备测定出柯深101井的井口脱气油样和凝析气平衡油样不同压力下的析蜡点，实验结果表明，脱气油和平衡油析蜡规律相反；(4)将常规气-液两相相图和析蜡曲线叠加得到了气—液—固三相相图，从而解释了气-液两相等液量线在低温区域偏离正常并快速上翘是由于体系有石蜡固相出现；(5)利用实验测试的析蜡温度预测析蜡位置，表明只有在距井口465m油管以上会有蜡析出。

They are different from well-known the materials of solid state and liquid state as well as gas state.

它不同于人们熟知的通常意义下的固态、液态和气态的物质。

Based on the depositional characteristics and stratigraphic feature of Inland Basins, Western China, and taken examples from Zhongger and Tsaidam basin, in this paper, the author probes systematically into syntheic methods applied to analysing subsurface sedimentary facies, predicting and mapping the source, reservoir and cap rock of oil/gas, and studing the stratigraphic model of sedimentary facies as well as the seismic models with all of information which come from outcrop section, drilling profiler, well log, seismic prospecting and examples data.

近十年来，作为有现代化测井技术、反射法地震勘探技术和计算机数据处理方法等参与的盆地油气勘探已为这一工作提供了新的信息并增加了新的分析内容，以地表露头剖面和钻井岩蕊观察为基础、进而在区域上作出推断的纯定性传统沉积相分析方法已经不适应当今油气勘探的要求，因此，如何充分利用地质、测井、地震及其他方法提供的大量信息，用综合化、程序化乃至定量化的方法进行盆地沉积相分析和其他研究近年来受到石油地质学家们的普遍关注。

The key points of design and manufacture for ultra large tye well gas carburizing furnace depend on furnace temperature and carbon- potencial uniformity as well as its control.

超大型井式气体渗碳炉的设计和制造关键点在于炉温的均匀性和碳势的均匀性及其控制，在投入运行后的关键点在于如何防止长时间高温状态下的高温蠕变和热变形对炉罐等部件的影响等。

Based on the effect of the sanding on the bradenhead, the ground flow pipeline gtv and surface equipment in high pressure and high gas rate well in west Sichuan, and combination with actual engineering geologic characteristic and operation status, the paper analyzed the influencing factor of sanding in the fractured well, and put forward the countermeasures to effectively prevent sanding.

川西坳陷致密砂岩气藏拥有大量的高压高产气井，支撑剂回流出砂问题比较突出。由于气井压力高、产量高、流速快，加砂压裂后常出现支撑剂回流出砂的现象，对井口及地面流程管线闸阀、地面设备造成强烈的冲蚀破坏作用，已经严重影响到气田高压高产气井的正常生产。

Seven grapevine cultivars originated from different regions, i. e.'Carbernet Sauvignon' and'Queen of Vineyard'(two members of the Western Europe Cultivars Group),'Rizamat'(a member of the East Cultivars Group),'Red Double Taste'(a hybridized cultivar from Vitis vinifera L. and V. labrusca L.),'1103Paulsen','Red Globe'and 'Autumn Royal'(two new hybridized cultivars between cultivars groups which were warmly planted in recent years) were selected. After different drought stress, a combined measurement of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence was conducted to evaluate the effects of drought stress to photoinhibition, as well as the role of photorespiration and xanthophyll cycle in photoprotective mechanism. After photorespiration and xanthophyll cycle were separately inhibited, the complementary effect of these two photoprotective pathways was discussed. Detached leaves of different grapevine cultivars, i. e.'Cabernet Sauvignon','Cabernet Franc','Merlot', and a rootstock,'1103Paulsen'were selected as materials, and photoinhibition degree, photorespiration activity as well as its photoprotective function under drought stress were studied. The results are as follows: 1. Under the same drought stress treatment, different photoinhibition degrees formed in different grapevine cultivars.

本研究选择不同起源地的葡萄品种－－包括西欧品种群的赤霞珠和葡萄园皇后、东方品种群的里扎马特、欧美杂种红双味、美洲种砧木1103Paulsen，以及近年来发展较快的品种群间杂交新品种红地球和皇家秋天等七个品种盆栽苗，在进行不同程度的干旱胁迫处理后，利用气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数同步测定的方法，研究干旱对其光抑制程度的影响，以及光呼吸和叶黄素循环组分在其光保护中的作用；并在分别抑制光呼吸和叶黄素循环的基础上，探讨了赤霞珠葡萄两种光保护机制的互补效应；同时选择不同的酿酒葡萄品种赤霞珠、品丽珠、梅鹿辄和砧木1103Paulsen的叶片，研究其离体干旱条件下光抑制程度、光呼吸活性及其光保护作用，结果发现： 1。

The results of analysis show that the shock detached distance computed by two temperature model or three temperature compare well with the experiment data, and the heat transfer rate is highest for one temperature model with non-catalytic wall, and lowest for equilibrium gas model, and the heat transfer rate for perfect gas model is between the non-catalytic wall and fully catalytic wall .

结果表明：采用两温度非平衡气体模型计算的激波脱体距离更接近实验情况；采用平衡气体模型计算的壁面热流最高，一温度非平衡气体模型完全非催化的壁面热流最低，而完全气体模型的壁面热流在两者之间。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。