查询词典 gamma

In recent years, although multichannels (more than 256) gamma ray spectrometer has been made overseas, field gamma ray spectrometric survey is only used to determine contents of uranium, thorium and potassium, by reason of applying gamma ray spectrometry later than developing instruments, can't obtaining full spectrum because of the problem of stabilizing gamma ray spectrometric peaks, and it is impercipient for field gamma ray spectrometry.

作者分析了国内外野外地面伽玛射线全谱测量存在的问题主要是：（1）目前国内外野外地面伽玛能谱测量中主要使用四道能谱仪，仅利用能量大于1000keV的伽玛射线，通过数个谱段的读数结果，计算铀、钍、钾的含量，而没有利用伽玛射线全谱，使80％以上的伽玛射线能谱信息摒弃未用。

The uptake of 〓I-OxLDL in adipocytes was determined by gamma ray counter and normalized to protein concentration of each sample, was expressed as nanograms of 〓I-OxLDL uptake per milligram of cell protein. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate PPARγ and CD36 mRNA expressions.

采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血浆IL-6以及脂肪细胞分泌IL-6的水平；采用gamma射线计数仪来检测脂肪细胞对〓I-OxLDL的特异性摄取情况，采用改良Lowry法进行细胞蛋白浓度测定，细胞对〓I-OxLDL的特异性摄取量以ng／mg细胞蛋白表示；采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应来检测PPAR γ和CD36 mRNA在脂肪细胞的表达情况。

Finally, the thesis analyzes statistical laws of the maximum saltating height and saltating length of saltating sand grains and they follow Gamma function distribution. This is consistent with the results of water-sand motion. It shows that statistical laws of saltating height and saltating length of saltating sand grains are independent of the medium of flow. It is possible the nature of saltating sand grains.

最后，分析了沙粒跃移距离、跃移高度的相对量的统计规律，认为它们均服从Gamma函数分布，与在含沙水流中的研究结果一致，说明沙粒跃移运动的跃移高度与跃移距离的统计规律与流场、所处的介质无关，这可能是沙粒跃移运动的本质所在。

The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.

本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法，研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami，RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ，GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum，NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis，DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP，5μg)，注射当天睡眠时间略有减少，第二日睡眠时间显著减少，觉醒时间明显增多，第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加，觉醒时间减少；而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid， L-Glu， 0.2μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline，BIC，1.0μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen，BAC，1.0μg)后，产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg，0.5μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间略有减少，但无显著性意义；而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside，SNP，0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间，缩短睡眠时间；微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine，L-NNA，2.0μg)后，引起睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用；RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后，与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠，其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate，MOR，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加； RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride，NAL，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少；RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue，MB，1.0μg)后，与NS组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 0.2μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多；大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide， MS， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine，PCPA，10μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少；大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg)，产生睡眠增多效应后，在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan ， 5-HTP， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多。

To test this concept in transplant recipients, we evaluated complement, complement regulator, and T cell/proinflammatory marker gene expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in 71 archived heart transplant biopsies and correlated the results with the histologic grade of rejection. Significantly more transcripts encoding alternative pathway components factor B, C3 and properdin, and C3a receptor and C5a receptor were detected in grade 3 versus grade 0 or 1 biopsies. The grade 3 rejections also contained significantly higher amounts of CD3, interferon gamma, perforin, and granzyme B genes.

为了明确移植受者中该理论的正确性，我们采用RT-PCR的方法检测了71例心脏移植物活检标本中补体、补体调节物以及T细胞/促炎症反应标记物基因表达及其与排斥反应的组织学分级的相关程度。3级的排斥反应相比于0或者1级的排斥反应其活检标本中旁路途径成分因子B、C3以及备解素和C3a与C5a的受体表达均明显升高。3级排斥分那英同样存在更多的CD3、IFN-gamma、穿孔素和颗粒酶B基因的表达。

The paper presented the profile optimizing technique,make-up of string,trajectory control technique,and MWD GAMMA geologic survey technique.

文章在结合现场施工经验的基础上，总结出了一套适合中原油田的使用MWD+GAMMA地质导向的水平井钻井技术。

A process for preparing the recombinant chicken gamma-interferon (rCHIFN-gamma) with high activirus activity includes such steps as cloning ChIFN-gamma gene from eukaryotic plasmid to transfer carrier by dual enzyme servenings to obtain recombinant transfer plasmid pFASTBACI-ChIFN-gamma, taking DH10Bac competent cell, adding IngpFASTBAC1-ChIFN-gamma, transposition, diluting to culture object by SOD culture medium, coating on Luria plate, culturing, choosing white clony, purifying, naming positive plasmid as Bacmid-ChIFN-gamma, extracting its DNA, and transfecting Sf9 cells.

高抗病毒活性重组鸡γ-干扰素的制取方法及用途，涉及一种广谱高效抗病毒基因工程产品的制取方法。将ChIFN-γ基因从真核质粒中经双酶切后克隆到转移载体中，获得重组转移质粒pFASTBAC1-ChIFN-γ；取DH10Bac感受态细胞，加入1ng pFASTBAC1-ChIFN-γ，转座后，用SOC培养基稀释培养物，涂布Luria平板，培养后，挑取白色菌落，Luria平板进行纯化，阳性质粒命名为Bacmid-ChIFN-γ，提取阳性质粒DNA；取上述重组DNA质粒转染Sf9细胞，制得高抗病毒活性重组鸡γ-干扰素。

Methods 218 cases of aged intertrochanteric fractures were treated with dynamic hip screw, Gamma nail and proximal femoral nail PEN, respectively.

对218例老年股骨转子间骨折分别采用动力髓螺钉，Gamma钉和股骨近端髓内钉进行手术治疗，随访8~28个月。

DarkAdapted a screen can help you change the value of Gamma, making the brighter screen change.

DarkAdapted 是一个可以帮助你改变屏幕的Gamma值，使得屏幕变的更亮的工具。

Based on Gamma distribution model of fog drip size derived from the empirical relation of visibility and water content for advection and radiation fogs, the relations between radar reflectivity factor and fog visibility or water content are proposed.

利用平流雾与辐射雾的能见度与含水量的经验公式导出的 Gamma 雾滴谱分布，得到了平流雾和辐射雾的雷达反射因子 Z与雾的能见度、含水量的关系式。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐