查询词典 gamma acid

Immunofluorescence confirmed that sweat glands in normal mice did not present gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subtype GABAA andα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid/kainic acid subtype of glutamate receptor. Mature mice with reactive sweat glands that declined more than 25% compared to baseline were defined as anhidrotic mice.

免疫组织荧光染色未发现在正常小鼠皮肤组织及汗腺的分泌细胞存在γ-氨基丁酸A型(gamma-aminobutyric acid，GABAA)受体α1亚单位、谷氨酸受体亚型α-氨基羟甲基恶唑丙酸(α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid ， AMPA )GluR1/2/3/4亚单位和海人酸(kainic acid，KA)受体GluR5/6/7亚单位的表达。

Immunofluorescence confirmed that sweat glands in normal mice did not present gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subtype GABAA andα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid/kainic acid subtype of glutamate receptor.Mature mice with reactive sweat glands that declined more than 25% compared to baseline were defined as anhidrotic mice.

免疫组织荧光染色未发现在正常小鼠皮肤组织及汗腺的分泌细胞存在γ-氨基丁酸A型(gamma-aminobutyric acid，GABAA)受体α1亚单位、谷氨酸受体亚型α-氨基羟甲基恶唑丙酸α-amino(来源：Ad1d1BC论文网www.abclunwen.com-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid ， AMPA GluR1/2/3/4亚单位和海人酸(kainic acid，KA)受体GluR5/6/7亚单位的表达。

Evening primrose oil is a source of gamma linoleic acid, which promotes healthy skin, hair and nails.

夜来香油是GAMMA亚油酸的主要来源，它对皮肤，头发和指甲都有好处。

Gamma-aminobutyric acid, a four-carbon nonprotein amino acid, serves as a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammalian nervous systems. GABA has several physiological functions such as hypotensive activity, treatment of epilepsy, tranquilizing and allaying excitement, enhancing memory, controlling asthma, regulating hormone secretion, promoting reproduction and activating liver and kidney function.

氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid，简称为GABA)是一种天然存在的非蛋白质氨基酸，为哺乳动物中枢神经系统中重要的抑制性神经递质，具有降血压、治疗癫痫、镇静安神、增强记忆、控制哮喘、调节激素分泌、促进生殖、活化肝肾等多种生理功能，其制备和应用广受人们的关注与重视。

Rapid eye movement sleep consists of a dreaming state in which there is activation of the cortical and hippocampal electroencephalogram, rapid eye movements, and loss of muscle tone. Although REM sleep was discovered more than 50 years ago, the neuronal circuits responsible for switching between REM and non-REM sleep remain poorly understood. Here we propose a brainstem flip-flop switch, consisting of mutually inhibitory REM-off and REM-on areas in the mesopontine tegmentum. Each side contains GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)-ergic neurons that heavily innervate the other.

快动眼睡眠是一个包括有皮层和海马脑电活动的睡梦状态，可见眼球的快速运动和肌张力减低，尽管快动眼睡眠已经被发现50余年了，对其与非快动眼睡眠之间的神经回路却知之甚少，我们用脑干触发转换器，包括脑桥背盖区一个互相抑制的快动眼-关、快动眼-开区域，每侧均包含高度互相支配gamma氨基丁酸能神经元。

Objective To investigate the effect of time factor on differentiation of neural stem cells to gamma aminobutyric acid neurons.

目的 探讨时间因素对体外培养的神经干细胞向卜氮基丁酸（gamma aminobutyfic acid，GABA）能神经元分化的影响。

Evening primrose oil is a source of gamma linoleic acid, which promotes healthy skin, hair and nails.

月见草油富含gamma亚油酸，它可以改善你的肌肤、发质和指甲。

After LA is absorbed, the body converts it into gamma linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and conjugated linoleic acid.

LA被吸收以后，身体将之转化为gamma linolenic acid， arachidonic acid，和 conjugated linoleic acid。

Progesterone and #gamma#-aminobutyric acid could initiate the acrosome reaction in guinea pig spermatozoa,which was independent of extracellular Cl一in vdro,and a potentiation effect between progesterone and GABA was demonstrated.

在体外，孕酮和#gamma#-氨基丁酸可明显地引起豚鼠精子顶体反应，并且两者合并使用，对顶体反应的诱发有协同作用；这种反应不依赖于细胞外C1-。

The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.

本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法，研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami，RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ，GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum，NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis，DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP，5μg)，注射当天睡眠时间略有减少，第二日睡眠时间显著减少，觉醒时间明显增多，第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加，觉醒时间减少；而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid， L-Glu， 0.2μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline，BIC，1.0μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen，BAC，1.0μg)后，产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg，0.5μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间略有减少，但无显著性意义；而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside，SNP，0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间，缩短睡眠时间；微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine，L-NNA，2.0μg)后，引起睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用；RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后，与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠，其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate，MOR，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加； RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride，NAL，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少；RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue，MB，1.0μg)后，与NS组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 0.2μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多；大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide， MS， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine，PCPA，10μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少；大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg)，产生睡眠增多效应后，在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan ， 5-HTP， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。