查询词典 game theory

This paper founds a bidding strategys frame based on the game theory. This paper combines the game theory and the principal-agent theory and expounds the cost-plus based on the bidding and the bidding based on the contract.

本文建立了一个基于博弈论的招投标机制设计的研究框架，从而为招投标机制设计提供了一个规范的分析思路；另外本文还将完全信息动态博弈与委托—代理理论结合起来，开创性的提出了基于招投标机制的最优成本补偿合同和基于合同的招投标模型，不仅可以包括线性合同的激励，而且还能解决基于博弈论的非线性激励合同问题；在提出的相似标的概念基础之上，本文还综合了相关模型，针对相似标的的特点，给出了几个相似标的的招投标模型。

The mathematical thought reflected in these researches were, actually, different from modern Game theory, but, still, it showed the possibility of dealing with Game problems with mathematic tools, and meanwhile, the thought of differential game theory in the early time was included in these researches, which in a way inspired the establishment of Game theory.

在这些研究中所包含的数学思想与现代博弈理论的思想基本上是不一样的，但电反应出了用数学工具处理博弈问题的可能性，同时也包含了早期微分博弈的思想，对以后的微分博弈理论的创立有一定的启发作用。

By applying game theory and contraction mapping theorem, a sufficient condition for the existence and uniqueness of Nash equilibrium in a multi-person non-cooperative game is proposed. Another implication in the sense of game theory is presented for the stability condition of supply-demand equilibrium in traditional economic theory. It can demonstrate the stability condition for supply-demand equilibrium in economic theory. So the stable supply-demand equilibrium of cobweb model in economics is in fact equivalent to the Nash equilibrium in game theory. That is a brand-new explanation for the conclusion in traditional economic theory.

应用博弈论中的有关理论与压缩映象定理寻求一类多ISP非合作对策纳什均衡存在、唯一的充分条件，给出了传统经济理论中供求均衡稳定性条件的对策论意义，证明了经济理论中的供求均衡稳定性条件；说明了经济学中蛛网模型的稳定供求均衡实际上就是对策理论中的纳什均衡，从而给出了传统经济理论中关于这一结论的新解释。

The principle of maximal profit is the main factor as to whether to obey credit or not. The analysis of using a game theory model once and using it repeatedly arid the analysis of a game theory model with outside intervene and evolutionary game theory analysis lead to a conclusion that strengthening cooperation and the government's power of supervision and punishment, the truthfulness of information , and a sound credit mechanism are the basic solution to the credit problem in electronic commerce.

本文运用博弈的方法，对电子商务中失信产生的原因进行了分析，认为收益的最大化原则是决定是否守信的主要因素，并通过对一次博弈、重复博弈和有外部干预情况下以及进化论博弈模型的分析，得出进一步加强交易合作的持久性、政府监管和惩罚的力度、信息的真实性以及完善的信用制度，是解决电子商务信用问题的根本方法。

There is mutual contradiction between direction estimation of user's signal and power allocation among all users in the beamforming algorithm. A twice game beamforming algorithm based on game theory is proposed to deal with it. Beamforming game algorithm mathematics model is constructed. During the first game, direction of signal and power allocation are mapped the game theory as "player", which are modeled as the problem of maximin function and obtain direction estimation first. Then during the second game, power allocations of different users are described as a multi-user game. Power updated algorithm is designed. The existence and uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium in the twice game beamforming algorithm based on game theory are proved by mathematics derivation.

摘要针对波束成形算法中，用户的信号方向估计值和用户之间的功率分配存在着相互矛盾，本文提出了一种基于博弈论的二次博弈波束成形算法，构建了波束成形博弈算法数学模型，首先在第一次博弈的时候，将波束成形算法中的信号方向和功率分配映射为博弈论数学模型中的"局中人"，将其建模为函数的极大极小值求解问题，先求解出信号方向；然后在第二次博弈的时候，将不同用户的功率分配过程描述为一个多用户的博弈过程，设计了功率分配更新算法，通过数学推导论证了纳什平衡点的存在性和唯一性。

By means of game theory,this paper presents a historical modeling and proves that human society lies in the state of prisoner's dilemma and confronts various troubles and alternatives.

论文关键词历史/博弈论/囚徒困境/理性history/game theory/prisoner's dilemma/rational，论文来源《华中师范大学学报》：人文社科版，论文单位武汉，点击次数 1，论文页数 46～50页2001年2001月论文网 http：//www.lw23.com/paper_70852261/本文利用博弈论囚徒困境分析法指出人类社会如同囚徒困境，面临着许多的难题与抉择。

Besides many papers specially on studying game theory and its application, game theory is also becoming a common tool in economics field and subject of both theory and application. Many economic phenomena and actions are considered by economists as game problems."Game Theory and Economic Action" of Von Neumann and Zermelo、Borel in 1944 lays a foundation for this subject.

除了许多专门研究博弈论理论及其应用的文章和书籍外，在众多经济学科，经济领域的理论研究和应用中，博弈论也成为普遍运用的工具，许多经济现象和经济行为都被经济学家理解为某种博弈问题。

The thesis has three theoretic fundamentals. The first basis is the theory of international relation, which contains several concepts such as state interest, international cooperation, international regimes , international governance, international negotiation democracy and international political economy. The second one is the game theory, which includes such concepts as game theory, Nash equilibrium and Pareto optimum, six basic game graphs are prisoner's dilemma, boxed pigs, chicken, hegemony, stag bant and battle of the sexes, the major factors are information communication, benefits allocation, hegemony power, time ＆ repeated and player number etc. The third one is the theory of environmental economics, whose prime concepts are public good, externality, free riding and market failure, but the methods to internalize externality are cap ＆ trade , carbon taxes and policy ＆ measures .

本文有3个理论基础：一是国际关系理论，其基本概念包括：国家利益、国际合作、国际制度、国际治理、国际谈判民主制和国际政治经济学；二是博弈论，其基本概念包括：博弈论、纳什均衡与帕累托最优，所采用的6种基本博弈图式为，囚徒困境博弈、智猪博弈、斗鸡博弈、盟主博弈、捕鹿博弈和性别战博弈，影响博弈结局的要素主要是，信息与沟通、利益分配与利益选择、盟主与引导力量、时间与重复博弈、博弈者数量的影响；三是环境经济学理论，其基本概念包括：公共物品、外部性、搭便车和市场失灵，解决外部性的基本方法是，限量与交易、碳税和政策与措施。

Meanwhile, probability theory made progress and became matured. During 1921-1928 Borel considered dealing with some strategic game problems with probability theory, form which he established several useful conceptions in Game theory, and it was at that time that Game theory was found in the rudiment.

同时随着概率理论的进一步发展和成熟，波莱尔在1921-1928年首先用已有的概率理论考虑了几个策略博弈的例子，并创造出了博弈理论中几个非常有用的概念，同时产生出了现代博弈理论的思想萌芽，在这一时期对博弈论的早期理论有贡献的还有思特豪斯、波莱尔的学生威利和他的同事。

The first part discusses the affection of bounded rationality on rational foundation of the theory.The second part introduces the idea and framework of this theory,and the general 2*Mperson symmetric game and hawk*Mdove game and used as examples.The third part surveys the theory and practice value of evolutionary game theory,and discusses its prosperity of developement.

文章第一部分讨论了有限理性对博弈论理性基础的影响；第二部分介绍了进化博弈论的思想和分析框架，并以一般两人对称博弈和鹰鸽博弈为例作了具体讨论；第三部分对进化博弈论的理论和应用价值，以及进化博弈论的发展前景作了总结和讨论。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。