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The new technique reduced the distance ladder to three "rungs":(1) The distance to galaxy NGC4258 is measured using straightforward geometry and Kepler's laws;(2)Cepheids in six more distant galaxies are used to calibrate the luminosity of Type Ia supernovae;(3) The Hubble constant is measured by observing a brighter milepost marker, Type Ia supernovae, in more distant galaxies hundreds of millions of light-years away, embedded in the expanding universe.

这种新技巧简化了距离跳跃为三个"阶梯"：1、星系NGC 4258的距离采用开普勒定律和简单直接的几何方法精确测量；2、在6个更远的星系中的造父变星用来校准Ia超新星的光度；3、深嵌于数亿光年外的膨胀宇宙中的星系中的Ia超新星——一种遥远而明亮的量天尺，被用于精确测定哈勃常数。

Using the data of inclination, radius and mass of disc galaxies, the mass density and oblateness of 93 disc galaxies have been obtained.

盘星系的质量密度在研究星系的结构和演化时，星系的质量密度是一个重要的物理量。

Red galaxies mainly consist of bulge- dominated objects, while around 1/5 of those presents disk-dominated profile but observationally face-on, so-called diffuse red galaxies.

红色星系的组成主要为结构以核球为主的星系，然而有大约1/5的红色星系为结构以圆盘为主、且为观测上面向的星系，我们称之为扩散红色星系。

These galaxies, the radio emission does not come from optical galaxies, but its double valve.

这种星系的射电辐射不是来自光学星系，而是它的双瓣。

In fact, it is part of the photogenic Sombrero Galaxy , one of the largest galaxies in the nearby Virgo Cluster of Galaxies .

事实上，这是上镜的草帽星系的一部分，草帽星系是邻近室女座星系团内最大的星系之一。

In fact, it is part of the photogenic Sombrero Galaxy, one of the largest galaxies in the nearby Virgo Cluster of Galaxies.

更具体的说，它是很上镜头的墨西哥帽星系之一部份；墨西哥帽星系是邻近室女座星系团最大的星系之一。

Other, somewhat more astronomically savvy people might name the Magellanic Clouds as the closest galaxies. The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds are two small, blobby galaxies that actually orbit the Milky Way, and are about 180,000 and 210,000 light-years away, respectively.

另一些，在天文上了解更多点的人可能会将麦哲伦星系定为最近的星系，大，小麦哲伦星系是两个小的双星星系，让人惊讶的是，他们实际上在距银河18万到21万光年处围绕绕银河运行着。

He is right, it is a couple of interesting galaxies—surrounded by tens of smaller, fainter, galaxies.

他是对的，是几个有趣的星系——被几十个更小、更暗的星系包围着。

In addition the images of some of the lensed galaxies appear red — the large distance to these galaxies introduce redshift, which shifts their light to the red part of the spectrum.

此外，该图像部分的透镜星系出现红色-大的距离，这些星系的红移介绍，轮班其光红色部分频谱。

Dwarf galaxies like the Large Magellanic Cloud are considered to be the primitive building blocks of larger galaxies.

矮星系一样，大麦哲伦云被认为是原始大厦较大的星系。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。