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Especially, the technology of Automatic Gain Control and signal processing are studied which are key factors working on the performance of the receiver. Based on analyzing the theory of automatic Gain Control, operational amplifiers 0P37 and logarithmic D/Aconverter AD7111A are used to design variable gain amplifiers which can be controlled numerally, A/D convector LTC1405 is Used to test the echo, Complex Programmable Logic device is used for controller, and an arithmetic is designed for automatic Gain Control which is simulated and analyzed in order to test its feasibility.

本文在分析自动增益控制AGC原理的基础上，采用集成运放OP37和数控增益衰减器AD7111A设计可数字控制的可变增益运放模块；采用高速A／D转换器LTC1405作为回波信号检测模块；采用复杂可编程逻辑器件CPLD作为核心控制模块，构成数字自动增益控制电路，并设计粗调和细调步进控制相结合的算法，对回波信号的增益进行精确而快速的调节控制，使回波信号振幅快速稳定在设计指标范围内，利于接收机后续信号处理电路对回波信号作进一步的处理。

The study methods: Based on digital printing and offset printing technology principle, the basic parameters having effect on the ink-jet printing output quality were analyzed. And the mathematics models between the ink quantity and the solid density, and the relation between the gamma and printing contrast were established. The relation among the output dot area coverage, the original dot area coverage and the dot-gain percent was analyzed. And the mathematics models of printing characteristics curves and dot-gain curves were established. The factors influencing the dot-gain were analyzed, and then the dot-gain compensation function was acquired. All the models were verified by the method of regression analysis. And the precisions of the models were obtained by the correlation coefficient and multiple correlation coefficients.

研究方法：根据数码印刷以及胶版印刷的工艺原理，分析了影响喷墨印刷输出质量的基本参数，建立墨量与样张实地密度、γ与相对反差的数学模型；分析输出网点面积率、标定网点面积率以及网点扩大率三者之间的关系，建立网点扩大曲线和印刷阶调复制曲线的数学模型，并对网点扩大的影响因素进行了分析，导出了网点扩大补偿函数；运用回归分析方法分析模型，并用相关系数和复相关系数检验回归模型的显著性；使用灰平衡方程，结合回归法得出灰平衡控制曲线。

But after a sudden 8% gain on August 20th, an even more tantalising idea emerged: could they benefit from a post-Olympic bounce?

但在8月20号8%的突然上扬后，出现了一个更诱人的想法：我们能否在股市后奥运时期的反弹中受益？

On the basis of above, this paper combines the Jayant adaptive quantization and G.728's gain prediction to propose a scheme fit for designing gain codebook of Low Delay Code Excited Linear Prediction, in which the exact gain value is adaptively predicted and quantized.

以此为基础，将Jayant的自适应量化与G.728的增益预测结合起来，提出一种适合于设计低时延码激励线性预测的增益码书的方案。

TUNEL method was used to detected the apoptosis in the artery. Results:①The MSC cocultured with VSMC expressed smooth muscle a-actin, calponin and CD31, no cells positive for calponin and CD31 were detected in the control group; and a lot of filaments were observed in the co-cultured MSC by electron microscopy.②We gain dual-stable expression of AT2R gene medicated by doxycycline regulatable system of mesenchymal stem cells.

单独培养及VSMC条件培养液培养的MSC仅SM-α-actin表达阳性；(2)Dox-on系统由四个质粒组成：调节质粒pUHD17-1 hyg，荧光报告质粒pUHC 13-3，筛选质粒pSV2neo以及含目的基因AT2R的应答质粒pUHD10-3/AT2R，以上质粒经鉴定均与其背景资料相符合，可用于实现目的基因片段在靶细胞中可调控表达研究；(3)本实验通过连续两个回合的转染及抗生素压力筛选，经Dox诱导表达后获取出低背景、高诱导表达AT2R基因的克隆。

Late Wednesday, Teck reported second-quarter earnings of $570 million, up from a year ago as revenue dropped, helped by a big gain on foreign exchange.

周三晚，泰克柯报告第二季度每股收益为5.7亿美元，比去年同期收入下降的帮助下，一个大的外汇收益。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

But the Dow Jones Industrial Average eked out a mere 22-point gain on the day of the announcement.

然而道琼斯工业平均指数在计划公布当天竭力维持了一个仅仅22点的增长。

As a result, the roof is made up of louvres which serve to reduce heat gain on the building envelope and creating a distinctive finish to the building.

从这点出发，该大楼屋顶设计由遮阳板组成，减缓了建筑外表面吸收的热流，也组成了建筑不拘一格的表面材料。

However, for individuals in higher brackets, the interest from municipals will often be greater than from higher paying commercial bonds after reduction for taxes. Gain on sale of municipals is taxable and loss is deductible.

然而，对于按照高税率交税的人群来说，这些从市政债券中获得的收益要比从商业债券中获得的收益扣掉税后的最终收益要高。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。