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With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

It uses 16-bit file allocation table, to support the largest district to 2gb, is currently the most widely used operating system and supports up to a disk partition format, almost all of the operating system support such a format, from the dos, win 3.x, win 95, win 97 to the current win 98, windows nt, win 2000, or even popular support at the linux format this partition.

它采用16位的文件分配表，能支持的最大分区为2gb ，是目前应用最为广泛和获得操作系统支持最多的一种磁盘分区格式，几乎所有的操作系统都支持这一种格式，从 dos 、 win 3.x 、 win 95、 win 97到现在的 win 98、 windows nt 、 win 2000，甚至火爆一时的 linux 都支持这种分区格式。

It uses 16-bit file allocation table, to support the largest district to 2gb, is currently the most widely used operating system and supports up to a disk partition format, almost all of the operating system support such a format, from the dos, win 3.x, win 95, win 97 to win 98, windows nt, win 2000/XP, or even popular support at the linux format this partition.

它采用16位的文件分配表，能支持的最大分区为2gb，是目前应用最为广泛和获得操作系统支持最多的一种磁盘分区格式，几乎所有的操作系统都支持这一种格式，从dos、win 3.x、win 95、win 97到win 98、windows nt、win 2000/XP，甚至火爆一时的linux都支持这种分区格式。

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The works in the project just done can be summarized as five respects.(1) A device was designed to fabricate the asymmetrical resonant cavities by a pendant drop. A series ARCs with variable parameters provides a valuable experimental method for investigating the characteristics of ARCs.(2) The relationship between the number of active modes and the shape parameters in an ARC was investigated. The experimental lasing threshold was compared with theoretical result, the good agreement between two shown that it was the decrease of the number of active modes in an ARC that decreased lasing threshold.(3) Dye lasing gain was used to enhance the signals of stimulated Raman scattering of the weak gain Raman modes in a circular cavity made by a pendant drop, the instantaneous SRS spectra of weak gain Raman modes in ethanol was obtained by this new method.(4) The SRS signals of minority compound in a binary chemical complex was obtained by using dye lasing gain method. The detection concentration of minority compound was reduced to an order compared with normal SRS method.(5) A cylindrical circular cavity was formed by a liquid jet, which was used to reduce the pump intensity required for laser induced plasma spectroscopy. The limit of detection of trace element in aqueous sample was greatly decreased by this new method.

我们设计并成功制作了使悬垂液滴连续变形的装置，用此装置可以方便地改变非圆对称谐振腔的几何参数，为ARCs的研究提供了一种有效的实验方法；研究了ARCs中活性模式数和变形参数间的变化规律，激光阈值的数值计算结果和激光辐射的实验结果作了比较，二者吻合的曲线说明ARCs中活性模式数量的减少是受激辐射放大阈值降低的原因；在由单元化合物构成的微型圆对称谐振腔中，首次尝试用"激光增益"增强弱增益拉曼模式的受激拉曼散射信号，获得了乙醇分子中弱增益拉曼模式的瞬态SRS光谱；在由二元混合物构成的微型圆对称谐振腔中，用染料的激光增益增强了少量化合物的SRS信号，把少量化合物的SRS信号探测浓度降低了近一个数量级，在SRS应用于瞬态过程的组份分析方面做了卓有成效的探索；用石英毛细管形成的稳定液拄构成拄形谐振腔，降低了激光诱导等离子体光谱需要的激励能量，有效地降低了水相样品的痕量元素分析极限，为LIPS应用于微量元素的化学分析开拓了一条新的技术路线。

Especially, the technology of Automatic Gain Control and signal processing are studied which are key factors working on the performance of the receiver. Based on analyzing the theory of automatic Gain Control, operational amplifiers 0P37 and logarithmic D/Aconverter AD7111A are used to design variable gain amplifiers which can be controlled numerally, A/D convector LTC1405 is Used to test the echo, Complex Programmable Logic device is used for controller, and an arithmetic is designed for automatic Gain Control which is simulated and analyzed in order to test its feasibility.

本文在分析自动增益控制AGC原理的基础上，采用集成运放OP37和数控增益衰减器AD7111A设计可数字控制的可变增益运放模块；采用高速A／D转换器LTC1405作为回波信号检测模块；采用复杂可编程逻辑器件CPLD作为核心控制模块，构成数字自动增益控制电路，并设计粗调和细调步进控制相结合的算法，对回波信号的增益进行精确而快速的调节控制，使回波信号振幅快速稳定在设计指标范围内，利于接收机后续信号处理电路对回波信号作进一步的处理。

In the method of the invention, a baseband signal is pre-processed to realize nonlinearity compensation. The pre-processing method comprises the following steps: the filter coefficient and the multinomial coefficient of the high power amplifier are extracted; corresponding gain is calculated for the amplitude value of each point input into the sequence of the baseband signal, and the phase compensation value is calculated according to the amplitude gain; the phase compensation value and the gain which are corresponding to each point are synthesized into re-gain, a pre-processing value pi is obtained, and pre-processing output sequence is formed; the pre-processing output sequence is output into the high power amplifier directly or through a inverse filter.

本发明方法是将基带信号进行预处理来实现抵偿非线性，预处理方法是：提取出高功率放大器的滤波器系数和多项式系数；对输入基带信号序列中的每一点的幅值计算对应的增益，根据幅度增益计算出相位补偿值；每一个点对应的相位补偿值与增益合成复增益，得到预处理值p i ，构成了预处理输出序列；将预处理输出序列直接或经过反向滤波器后输出到高功率放大器中。

The study methods: Based on digital printing and offset printing technology principle, the basic parameters having effect on the ink-jet printing output quality were analyzed. And the mathematics models between the ink quantity and the solid density, and the relation between the gamma and printing contrast were established. The relation among the output dot area coverage, the original dot area coverage and the dot-gain percent was analyzed. And the mathematics models of printing characteristics curves and dot-gain curves were established. The factors influencing the dot-gain were analyzed, and then the dot-gain compensation function was acquired. All the models were verified by the method of regression analysis. And the precisions of the models were obtained by the correlation coefficient and multiple correlation coefficients.

研究方法：根据数码印刷以及胶版印刷的工艺原理，分析了影响喷墨印刷输出质量的基本参数，建立墨量与样张实地密度、γ与相对反差的数学模型；分析输出网点面积率、标定网点面积率以及网点扩大率三者之间的关系，建立网点扩大曲线和印刷阶调复制曲线的数学模型，并对网点扩大的影响因素进行了分析，导出了网点扩大补偿函数；运用回归分析方法分析模型，并用相关系数和复相关系数检验回归模型的显著性；使用灰平衡方程，结合回归法得出灰平衡控制曲线。

First, we have designed an effective method independent of quantizing signal noise rate in evaluating the performance of gain filter. This provides a way to compare and evaluate different optimizing schemes before gain quantization, forms a way of independent research between gain predictor and gain quantizer.

第一，提出了一种不依赖量化信噪比评价增益滤波器性能的方法，可在增益量化之前直接比较评价增益预测器的各种优化方案，形成了增益预测器与增益量化器分别独立进行优化的方法。

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2宫及其守护星象征的问卜者的收益；8宫及其守护星象征着对方或其隶属之方的收益；如果两方都情况良好，则双方皆得利；若都不佳，则双方皆损；若一方吉而另一方凶，则吉方获益，凶方受损。

Some of them were ligated to the plasmid vector pCR 2.1 andsequenced,respectively.

将所获DNA片段克隆到pCR2.1载体进行测序，并与基因组数据库进行同源性比较。

Thinking since Google owns Blogger, I would be able to escalate this issue to the support team.

自谷歌的思考拥有Blogger的，我将能够缓解这一问题的支持团队。