查询词典 further education

At present researches about education equity mainly focus on macroscopic fields such as equability of education opportunity , educational balanced development and education equity and efficiency and so on , while the research about teacher 's justice of teaching and education need to research further .

教师公正是教育公正的核心，目前关于教育公正的研究多从教育机会均等，教育均衡发展以及教育公正与效率等宏观角度展开，而对于微观层面的教师教育教学公正的研究还有待进一步深入。

The result shows that: with the expansion of teacher education space, the reform and development of Chinese teacher education is much closer or equal to that of the international teacher education. The transitional stage and education reform in China puts forward a new demand for P. E. talents. The innovation as to education object, specification and curriculum arrangement raised in P. E. Curriculum Arrangement for Chinese Universities with four-year Program published in 2003 meets such a demand, and narrows the gap of education development in high P. E. academy between China and foreign countries. P. E. teachers abroad are usually cultivated by comprehensive universities, the cultivating objectives are verified, and generalists adapted to social development are emphasized. Cultivating mode abroad are various, with "open-type" or "non-directional type" as the main mode, and 4-year program, 5-year program, and 3-year program serve as the main form of education system. Curriculum arrangement abroad stresses general education, with foundationalization, normalization, objectification, optionalization, miniaturization, internationalization and syntheticalization as its characteristics and it employs credit system. The close-typed cultivating mode of P. E. academies in China should be gradually transformed into open-type or multi-type, cultivating generalists instead of specialists, and further constructing a new one with several cultivating types co-existing. Orientation of P.E. teachers in China should follow standard principle, coordination principle, experience principle and resource principle. To improve P.E teacher education in China, the following measures can be taken: relevant laws and regulations should be made for orientation; P.E teachers" training organization should be encouraged to participate in orientation; extension and connotation of P.E. teacher education should be expanded; resources should be optimize; systematic P.E. teachers" orientations should be organized;"Life P.E. Teacher Qualification "should be changed; useful-life should be set for P. E. teacher qualification; P.E. teacher qualification should be regularly authenticated; On-job training of P. E. teachers abroad tends to be systematic, but in China P.E. teachers" on-job training and prevocational training are separated; therefore measures must be taken to change this circumstance and thus speed up the systematic process. Factors concerning constructing a new system of P. E teachers are the following: reconstructing resources, making P.E. teachers" cultivation, orientation and training systematic, establishing a mechanism for encouragement and punishment, making school-based training and college training systematic, and setting up a mechanism combining directional training with non-directional training.

研究结果表明：随着教师教育革新空间的拓展，我国体育教师教育的改革与发展水平逐步与国际体育教师教育发展趋于接轨化。2003年颁布的《全国普通高校体育教育本科专业课程方案》在培养目标和规格、课程设置上的创新性，适应了我国社会转型和教育改革对体育教育专业人才的需求，进一步缩小了与国外高等体育院系教育发展的差距；国外体育教师一般由综合性大学或文理多科性大学培养，培养目标多向化，以培养适应社会发展的通才型人才为主；培养模式灵活多样，多数以"开放型"或"非定向型"培养模式为主，学制多以4年制、5年制、3年为主；课程设置上注重通识教育，突出基础化、师范化、针对化、选修化、小型化、国际化和综合化特点，实行完全学分制的教育管理制度；我国普通高校体育教育本科专业人才培养模式应该由封闭性转向开放式混合型的人才培养模式转变，由专才型转向复合型人才培养模式转变，构建多种类型并存的人才培养模式；我国体育教师入职教育革新应遵循的原则是本位原则、协同原则、经验原则和时间与资源原则，改进措施有：做好入职教育的法规化、制度化建设，激励体育师资培育机构参与体育教师的入职教育，拓展体育教师教育的外延和内涵，优化整合资源，系统组织体育教师的入职教育，改变体育教师资格"终身制"，设定体育教师资格有效期限，推行教师资格定期认证制度等；国际上体育教师在职培训体系显现了体育教师教育一体化的发展取向，但我国体育教师的在职培训与职前培养存在分离性，必须采取改革措施，加速我国体育教师教育的一体化进程；构建体育教师教育新体系的实施要素是：重组资源配置，实现体育教师培养、入职和培训一体化，建立奖惩机制，实现校本与院校培训一体化，建立体育教师定向与非定向培养培训有机结合机制。

Firstly, the government should rethink the basic mission of higher education in view of the underlying and further social benefit. Secondly, for the purpose of preventing the abuse of the university, the relation between the government and the university should been constructed with the principle of contract spirit. Thirdly, the government should be responsible for the financial support considering the public welfare of higher education. Fourthly, the government should overcome the market failure and promote the equal opportunity in higher education. Finally, the government should carry out effective means to balance the scale of higher education, to increase the quality of higher education, and to achieve unisonous development of higher education.The view point that facts and value are unified in the problem of development has been expressed in this dissertation.

具体内容包括：首先，政府要从社会的根本的、长远的利益出发，重新思考高等教育的基本使命；其次，必须以契约精神重构政府与大学之关系，防止大学被滥用；再次，政府应从高等教育的公益性出发，对高等教育承担更多的财政责任：再其次，政府要努力克服市场失灵，促进高等教育机会均等；最后，必须采取有效手段，合理调节高等教育规模，提高增长的质量，实现高等教育的协调发展。

The common laws of the development of normal education of the world are analyzed mainly in the emergence of normal education and the formation of its system, the development of normal education and its further improvement and the upwardness and reform of normal education.

三、我国师范教育的特点及问题。通过对我国师范教育的简单回顾，分析了我国师范教育在发展中形成的两个突出特点，即具有两个稳定、完整的师资培训体系和正在向高层次、高水平发展。

In the process of John Blacking's research, he observed on the incline while children were learning complex music as a whole, consequently, it challenged the concept of "the order never made mistake"; and through his observation on the music perform of children in Venda, he made sure the importance of the relationship between body and mental (basically the understanding of music), provided several methods for teachers to develop students' sense of music – the harmonious cooperate of ears, brain and body; through his researching on ethnodanceology and considering the inseparable relation between music and dance, he further proved the methods of education which considering the action and the body reaction as the essential component of music understanding; through his observation of the music of Venda children in his early years, he became interested in the biology basic of music education; and also he advocated that school needed to set up a world music class. In the View of Ethnomusicology, John Blacking made a new recognition of the music education, and it also bring us a reflection question, could our Chinese music education walk out of the traditional view and get some influence or inspiration from his ideas of education?

约翰·布莱金在研究过程中通过对儿童从整体上学习复杂音乐的倾向的观察，从而挑战了"完全正确的程序"的观念；通过对文达儿童音乐表演的观察，确定了身心关系的重要性，提供给教师发展学生音乐性的手段，即使耳、脑和身体的互相融合；通过对舞蹈人类学的研究以及音乐与舞蹈之间不可分割的联系，进一步证明了以动作和肢体反应作为音乐理解主要成分的教育学方法；通过他早期对文达儿童音乐的观察而建立了他对音乐教育生物学研究的基础；以及他对在学校中世界音乐课程设立的倡导等，约翰·布莱金从音乐人类学的视野出发对音乐教育的重新认识，也促使我们思考，是否我们的音乐教育也可以从中国的视野中走出来并受到他的教育思想的启发？

According to the different educational subjects and functions, the author divided the educational purposes into three parts: the ideal of education, the educational principle and the education goals, in order to analyze the different educational aspirations and the mutual relations among them; and further point out that educational spirit reflects the basic interests and values of human activities on education, which constitute the core educational purpose; the fundamental purpose of researching education is to uphold and promote the spirit of education, which is to promote a comprehensive and healthy"life and growth"for the educatee.

笔者根据不同教育主体教育功能的差异将教育目的划分为教育理想、教育宗旨和教育目标等三类，分别剖析其各不相同的教育利益诉求以及彼此之间的相互关系；并进一步指出，教育精神反映了人类对教育活动最基本的利益追求和价值取向，构成了教育目的的基本内核；研究教育目的的根本意义在于坚持和弘扬教育精神，也就是要促进受教育者全面健康的&生活与成长&。

The investigation and study result indicated that, elementaryand middle school students which while the height, the body weight,the chest measurement equiform condition growth unceasingly enhance,the physical ability quality assumes the drop tendency, endurance, thestrength, the pliable but hard to break quality in 1995 further dropsin the foundation which 1985 dropped, this had no alternative but toarouse our interest. In 2000 newly promulgates "Sports And Healthy Program of instruction"the track and field, gymnastics, the martial arts took the sportsteaching the important content, the class hour respectively achievesthe elementary school total class hour 60%, middle school total classhour 50%. In 2002 the Ministry of Education, the national sportsbureau rehas promulgated "Student Physique Healthy Standard", These measures all are for implement the Central Committee of the CCPState Council "Reforms Comprehensive Advancement Education forall-around development about Deepened Education Decision" the spirit,but makes the reform, with "the health first, promotes youth"s healthyin mind and body full scale development the guiding ideology, theeducation idea, carefully examines the question which in the presentelementary and middle schools sports education exists.

调研结果表明，中小学生在身高、体重、胸围等形态发育不断提高的同时，体能素质呈下降趋势，其中耐力、力量、柔韧素质1995年在1985年下降的基础上又进一步下降，这不能不引起我们的关注。2000年新颁布的《体育与健康教学大纲》把田径、体操、武术作为中小学体育教学的重要内容，课时分别达到小学总课时的60%，中学总课时的50%。2002年教育部、国家体育总局又重新颁布了《学生体质健康标准》，这些措施都是为了贯彻中共中央国务院《关于深化教育改革全面推进素质教育的决定》的精神，而做出的改革，用&健康第一，促进少年儿童的身心健康全面发展&的指导思想、教育理念，来审视目前中小学体育教育中存在的问题。

This section will present the opinions and measures to enhance the recognition of strengthening the political ideology education in the employment guidance for the college graduates,to further plentify its content,to continuously reinforce the creation and innovation of the educational method and to further optimize the environment for the education .

通过对毕业生就业指导中思想政治教育现状的研究，本部分提出了提高对加强高校毕业生思想政治教育的认识，进一步充实高校毕业生思想政治教育的内容，不断加强高校毕业生思想教育方法的创新，进一步优化高校毕业生思想政治教育的环境的现点和措施。

Nowadays, on the basic of resurveying this process, further study of the following three levels is of practical significance for carrying foreword quality-oriented education and for improving the quality of talents of higher education, the three levels are: the relationship of quality-oriented education, science and humanities education; the position and role of science and humanities education in the quality-oriented education; the integration of the science and the humanities education.

今天，重新审视这一过程，深入探讨素质教育与科学、人文教育的关系，科学、人文教育在素质教育中的地位和作用，科学教育与人文教育融合的三个境界，无疑对全面推进素质教育，提高高等教育人才培养质量具有十分重要的现实意义。

Basing on describing the basic knowledge of school management system of Chinese basic education, this article bring forward some new ideas: first, the author dont simply discuss the theories on school management system of school management system of Chinese basic education from perfect situation, but combining the factual condition of school management system of Chinese basic education; second, the article analysis profoundly the problem of School management system of Chinese basic education; third, after discussing the reform mode of Chinese basic education, the author further advance to change the coverall and unchangeable school management system and set up the school management method, which call integral whole two lines.

本文在梳理我国基础教育办学体制的基础之上，也不乏创新之处：一是对我国基础教育办学体制改革的理论阐释不是简单从理想状况去推理，而是结合我国基础教育体制改革的实际进行了系统地说明；二是对我国基础教育体制改革所面临的问题进行了深层次的分析；三是在对我国基础教育办学体制的几种有益的探索进行剖析的基础上，试图探索对我国基础教育体制改革的模式，提出在改革&包揽封闭&的办学体制，构建&一体二线&的办学框架，并希望对我国基础教育改革有所启示。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。