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In microwave condition Ce~(4+) may oxidize sulfur compound such as the benzothiophene mainly in diesel fuel into sulfonea for the first time. By choosing proper solvent DMF to extract sulfonea, thus in microwave condition sulfur content in diesel fuel is reduced from 554ppm to 96ppm, up to 82.7% desulfurization ratio.

3微波条件下首次使用Ce~(4+)来氧化柴油中的硫化物并把这类硫化物氧化成砜类化合物，再选用合适的溶剂DMF，把这些砜类化合物通过萃取的方法除去，微波条件下的氧化脱硫可以将柴油中的硫含量从554ppm降到96ppm，达到82.7％的脱硫率。

The invention relates to a processing method of preventing frostbite and restarting of hydrogen electric pile, whose characteristic lies in the treating processes includes: When the electric pile turns off, the unsaturated fuel gas or the nitrogen, through the circle boast to clean the dissociate water; drying the MEA film module to keep the water content below the stipulated temperature which does not ice up; then the recycle gas through a wet exchanger to dry and the dried gas is continue used in the dry pile step; when restarting the electric pile, the recycle gas must heats then through the pile to elevate the temperature, then heats the fuel gas and the oxidant of the gas source, through the weting of the wet exchanger enters to the calefactive pile, enhances the wet step of the film module in the pile, starts the power output of the pile.

本发明涉及一种氢电堆的防冻和重新启动时的处理方法，其特征在于处理过程包括：电堆停机时，将水蒸气不饱和的燃料气体或氮气，通过循环吹扫除去电堆的游离水；干燥其中的MEA膜组件，使膜组件含水量降低到规定低温下不结冰的程度；而后再令循环气体通过一个湿交换机将循环气体干燥，以及被干燥后的循环气体继续用来干燥电堆的步骤；在电堆重新启动时，须将循环气体加热后通过电堆，使电堆升温，然后再将气源的燃料气及氧化剂加热，通过湿交换机加湿后进入已升温的电堆，提高电堆中膜组件的湿度的步骤，开始电堆的功率输出。

Main products are piston, bettery, carburator assy, flashier, ignition switch, shock absorber, fuel cock, steering lock, starting coil, clutch cable, speedmeter cable, gear shaft, kick shaft, con-rod, engine block, chain, fuel tank, bulb, gear, pointer, water pump, relay, bearing, rear hub, clutch firber, sprocket, lever assy, back mirror, etc.

主导产品：活塞及活塞环，电瓶，化油器，闪光器，点火开关，减震器，油开关，车头锁，点火线圈，导线，齿轮，连杆，汽缸，链条，油箱盖，灯泡，转向灯，水泵，继电器，轴承，轮股，离合器片，链轮，把手，后视镜等我们生产和销售各种摩托车和汽车配件，并且在不断地开发新产品。

The concept of hydrogen fuel cells was invented in 1839 by Sir William Grove. BOC's director of sustainable energy, John Carolin, said:"The lessons from this and other projects will show that hydrogen fuel cell-powered vehicles could be a practical, attractive and a viable economic alternative to diesel- or petrol-fuelled vehicles."

BOC公司可再生能源部的主管约翰·卡罗林表示，&通过这辆汽车及其它同类项目所得到的经验将会告诉世人，将氢燃料电池做为汽车的动力来源这一想法是可以变为现实且颇具吸引力的，从经济角度来看，这种车也完全可以替代那些以汽油或柴油做动力的汽车&。

The invention is characterised in that the gaseous fuel containing hydrogen or consisting of hydrogen is fed into the swirl generator (1) largely axially and/or coaxially to the burner axis, forming a fuel flow, with a largely spatially defined flow form (9) which is maintained inside the burner and opens up in the region of the burner outlet.

本发明的特征在于，所述含有氢气或者由氢气所组成的气态燃料在涡流发生器(1)内相对于燃烧器轴线尽可能轴向地和/或同轴地、在形成燃料流的情况下以尽可能空间受限制的流动形状(9)被输入，该流动形状(9)在燃烧器内得以保持，并且在燃烧器出口的范围内绽开。

The industry of biomass fuel ethanol is in the cubhood. The quantitative research with enterprise practice on circulatory economy conception is insufficiency at present. The study on energy income of biomass fuel ethanol has not got creditable explanation.

我国的生物质燃料乙醇产业还属于幼稚产业，目前对该产业的基于循环经济理念的企业实践的定量研究还很不足，对生物质燃料乙醇能量收益的研究也还没有给出令人信服的解释。

The experimental results indicated that under the steady operating conditions, the ignition timing of the base fuel (PRF90-90% iso-octane+10% n- heptane), which is equivalent to RON 90, delayed and the peak value of the heat release rate was low compared to the base fuel with single additive (Ditert-butyl peroxide-DTBP, Dicumyl peroxide-DCP, Tert-butyl hydroperoxide-TBHP, Tert-butyl cumyl peroxide -TBCP or Cumene hydroperoxide-CPO) which advanced ignition timing and increased the peak of the heat release rate obviously.

试验结果分析表明，在HCCI发动机燃烧稳定工况下，没有添加剂的基础燃料记作PRF90(为90%异辛烷与10%正庚烷的混合，相当于90号汽油)着火滞后，燃烧放热率峰值低，而混有单一添加剂(Ditert-butyl peroxide-DTBP、Dicumyl peroxide-DCP、Tert-butyl hydroperoxide-TBHP、Tert-butyl cumyl peroxide-TBCP或Cumene hydroperoxide-CPO)的基础燃料则着火明显提前，燃烧放热峰值升高。

An analytical model was presented to study the cloud expansion during near field regime, and the liquid fuel expanding velocity-radius relation and the liquid breakup model were given. A 2-dimensional axisymmetrical diphasic flow numerical simulation for cloud expansion during far-field regime was carried out, and the distribution parameters of fuel in cloud were given.

对近场阶段云雾的膨胀采用分析模型来研究，给出了这一阶段液体燃料膨胀的速度—半径关系及液体环的破碎规律；对远场阶段云雾的膨胀采用二维轴对称两相流的数值模拟来研究，得出了云雾中燃料的分布状态随时间的变化规律。

Hitherto mankind has relied on fossil fuel for a major part of its energy supply. Obviously the reserve of fossil fuel is by no means unlimited and will eventually be exhausted after decades. Hence, so far as long-term viewpoint is concerned, it is of importance to utilize the abundant and elean solar energy as an alternative energy source. Stimulated by this objective, studies on the preparation of suitable thin semiconductor films of larger size using simpler methods have attracted increasing interests.

从应用角度看，目前人类利用的矿物燃料其储量终究有限，而太阳能广泛存在，作为一种新型的能源，就长远的现点而言，具有巨大的潜力和广阔的前景，近些年来，研究用简单的方法制备大面积的化合物半导体薄膜材料，越来越受到重视，我们采用电沉积的方法在Ni、Ti以及导电玻璃等基底上沉积了多种硫属化合物半导体材料。

Through comparison of energy inputs in corn fuel ethanol life cycle,fossil energy inputs of corn production and ethanol conversion processes were identified as the most important,and therefore nitrogen fertilizer,electivity and diesel used in corn farming and energy consumption of distillation and dehydration process in ethanol production could be known as the most influential factors for the energy benefit of corn fuel ethanol.

但是玉米燃料乙醇从原料的生产、乙醇的转化，一直到被燃耗的整个生命周期中的多个阶段需要直接或间接地消耗矿物能源，因而，虽然玉米燃料乙醇是可再生能源，然而是否具有可持续性及可持续性的大小则取决于其燃耗中所产生的能量与燃料乙醇整个生命周期中所消耗的能量相比是否有盈余及盈余的大小。20世纪70年代中期，玉米燃料乙醇的能量平衡问题研究首次在美国出现[2，3]，当时乙醇替代汽油的能量效益的有关研究指

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。