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" The Greek military leader and historian Xenophon, who served with Greek mercenaries in Persia, first used the Greek word paradeisos adopted from the Avestan word to refer to the Persian kings' and nobles' parks or pleasure grounds. This Greek word extended to mean "garden" or "orchard was an obvious choice for translators of the Bible into Greek to use both for the Garden of Eden and the Abode of the Blessed, or heaven. The Greek word was adopted into Late Latin and was used much as we might expect in its biblical senses in ecclesiastical Latin. The Old English word paradis taken from Latin is found, but our word probably really established itself in Middle English (first recorded before 1200), derived both from Latin and from Old French, which had adopted the word from Latin. paradise.

曾随希腊雇佣军到波斯服役的希腊军事将领和历史学家色诺芬，首先使用了希腊语词paradeisos，，该词采用了阿维斯陀词，指波斯国王和贵族们的花园或游乐场，这个希腊词衍生到表示"花园"或"果园"，显然是译者在把《圣经》翻译成希腊文时所做出的选择，以用来表明伊甸园和天国或天堂，有这两种含义的希腊词被引入后期的拉丁语中且当它们在教会拉丁文（后期拉丁语paradisus 中意为《圣经》方面的意义时被更广泛地使用，古英语paradis 一词来自拉丁文，但我们用的这个词可能在中古英语（首次记录在1200年前）中真正确立了起来，人们发现它源于拉丁文和从拉丁文中采纳了这个词的古法语

The French army went on melting away and disappearing in the same ratio from Moscow to Vyazma, from Vyazma to Smolensk, from Smolensk to the Berezina, from the Berezina to Vilna, apart from the greater or less degree of cold, the pursuit and barring of the way, and all other conditions taken separately.

从莫斯科到维亚济马，从维亚济马到斯摩棱斯克，从斯摩棱斯克到别列济纳，从别列济纳到维也纳，法军就是按照上述比例减员和毁灭的，法军的减员和毁灭与天气寒冷的程度、追击、道路阻障以及一切其他的条件无关。

The second half inspects SciTech from the four angles of the wholeness of the system of human nature: from the angle of self, as the production of making use of objects by self, SciTech can be in favor of self or dissever self, which, the author thinks, is little helpful to the consolidation and transcendence of self; from the angle of individuality, for its aim is to eliminate individuality and to pursue commonness, there is distinct conflict between SciTech and individuality; from the angle of valueness, only have been the means of affirming and realizing the value of human nature and the purpose of personality, can SciTech have internal legitimacy; from the angle of sublimatity, human's right and rational needs make SciTech impel development of human nature healthfully, lust which is the distortion of needs make the trap, and technologizing the human nature will never be the way and aim of sublimating human nature.

下部分从人性系统整体性的四个角度考察；从自我看，科技作为自我"假于外物"的产物而推动或肢解自我，对自我的整合和提升少有实质性作用；从个性看，它是销匿个性而寻求共性的结果，与个性之间矛盾突出；从价值性看，它只有成为确证和实现人性价值和人格目标的手段，才具有内在合法性；从提升性看，人的正当合理的需要使科技推动人性健康发展，欲望对需要的扭曲造成陷阱，使人性技术化不是人性提升的途径和目标。

From Rusticus I received the impression that my character required improvement and discipline; and from him I learned not to be led astray to sophistic emulation, nor to writing on speculative matters, nor to delivering little hortatory orations, nor to showing myself off as a man who practises much discipline, or does benevolent acts in order to make a display; and to abstain from rhetoric, and poetry, and fine writing; and not to walk about in the house in my outdoor dress, nor to do other things of the kind; and to write my letters with simplicity, like the letter which Rusticus wrote from Sinuessa to my mother; and with respect to those who have offended me by words, or done me wrong, to be easily disposed to be pacified and reconciled, as soon as they have shown a readiness to be reconciled; and to read carefully, and not to be satisfied with a superficial understanding of a book; nor hastily to give my assent to those who talk overmuch; and I am indebted to him for being acquainted with the discourses of Epictetus, which he communicated to me out of his own collection.

从拉斯蒂克斯，我领悟到我的品格需要改进和训练，知道不迷误于诡辩的竞赛，不写作投机的东西，不进行繁琐的劝诫，不显示自己训练有素，或者做仁慈的行为以图炫耀；学会了避免辞藻华丽、构思精巧的写作；不穿着出门用的衣服在室内行走及别的类似事件；学会了以朴素的风格写信，就像拉斯蒂克斯从锡纽埃瑟给我的母亲写的信一样；对于那些以言词冒犯我，或者对我做了错事的人，一旦他们表现出和解的意愿，就乐意地与他们和解；从他，我也学会了仔细地阅读，不满足于表面的理解，不轻率地同意那些夸夸其谈的人；我亦感谢他使我熟悉了埃比克太德的言论，那是他从自己的收藏中传授给我的。

From Rusticus I received the impression that my character required improvement and discipline; and from him I learned not to be led astray to sophistic emulation, nor to writing on speculative matters, nor to delivering little hortatory orations, nor to showing myself off as a man who practises much discipline, or does benevolent acts in order to make a display; and to abstain from rhetoric, and poetry, and fine writing; and not to do other things of the kind; and to write my letters with simplicity, like the letter which Rusticus wrote from Sinusessa to my mother; and with respect to those who have offended me by words, or done me wrong, to be easily disposed to be pacified and reconciled, as soon as they have shown a readiness to be reconciled; and to read carefully, and not to be hastily to give my assent to those who talk overmuch; and I am indebted to him for being acquainted with the discourses of Epictetus, which he communicated to me out of his own collection.

从拉斯蒂克斯，我领悟到我的品格需要改进和训练，知道不迷误于诡辩的竞赛，不写作投机的东西，不进行繁琐的劝诫，不显示自己训练有素，或者做仁慈的行为以图炫耀；学会了避免词藻华丽、构思精巧的写作；不穿着出门用的衣服在室内行走及别的类似事情；学会了以朴素的风格写信，就像拉斯蒂克斯从锡纽埃瑟给我的母亲写的信一样；对于那些以言辞冒犯我，或者对我做了错事的人，一旦他们表现出和解的意愿，就乐意地与他们和解；从他，我也学会了仔细地阅读，不满足于表面的理解，不轻率地同意那些夸夸其谈的人；我亦感谢他使我熟悉了埃比克太德的言论，那是他从自己的收藏中传授给我的。

As the main supporting institutions of Green Globe 21 in China, SEPA and NIES spare no efforts in promoting Green Globe 21 Sustainable Tourism Standards. Our thanks also go to Mr. Sheng Fei and Ms.Chen Yue from the China National Certification and Accreditation Administration, Mr. Yang Chaofei from the Department of Policies and Legal Affairs, SEPA, Mr. Wan Bentai and Mr. Zhu Guangqing from the Department of Nature Environmental Conservation, SEPA, Mr. Zhao Keqiang and Mr. Miao Xubo from NIES, SEPA, Mr. Chen Tianlai from Zhejiang University, Mr. Zhang Shanyun from Sichuan Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve, Ms.Tian Xingmin from Sichuan Tourism College, Mr. Yuan Shijun from Sichuan Forestry Department, Ms. Er Pingling from China Daily, Organizations such as WIT Assessment of Hangzhou, Conservation International Sichuan Office, World Wildlife Fund Sichuan Office, The Nature Conservancy China, and Austrade Offices in Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu, Hangzhou and Ningbo who are all active supporters of the notion of Green Globe 21 Sustainable Tourism.

除了国家环保总局和南京环境科学研究所作为管理和执行单位，为绿色环球21的推行不遗余力之外，国家认证认可监督管理委员会生飞先生和陈悦女士、国家环保总局政策法规司杨朝飞先生、国家环保总局自然生态保护司万本太先生和朱广庆先生、中华环保联合会周泓先生和刘红女士、南京环境科学研究所赵克强先生和缪旭波先生、浙江大学陈天来先生、四川九寨沟自然保护区管理局张善云先生、四川省旅游学院田兴敏女士、四川省林业厅袁世军先生、人民日报社鄂平玲女士、杭州万泰认证集团、保护国际四川办公室、世界自然基金会四川办公室、美国大自然保护协会中国部，以及澳大利亚贸易委员会在北京、上海、成都、杭州、宁波等地的办事处都是绿色环球21可持续旅游理念的积极推动者和支持者。

The amount of nutrients derived from chemical fertilizer was increased. The nitrogen fertilizer application rates applied to wheat ranged from 103kg/hm〓 to 192kg/hm〓, from 99kg/hm〓 to 187kg/hm〓 for rape and from 173kg/hm〓 to 207kg/hm〓 for rice. The nitrogen fertilizer application rates applied to maize, potato and apple tree tended to increase, from 60kg/hm〓, 64kg/hm〓 and 299kg/hm〓 to 196kg/hm〓, 127kg/hm〓 and 126kg/hm〓 respectively.

化肥施用总量总体上为增加趋势，单位面积氮肥施用量为：小麦、油菜与水稻年际之间波动较大，其中小麦在103-192kg／hm〓间变化，1991年达到高峰，油菜在99-187kg／hm〓间变化，1992年达到高峰，水稻在173-207kg／hm〓间变化；玉米、马铃薯与苹果为增加趋势，分别从60kg／hm〓、64kg／hm〓y和299kg／hm〓增加到196kg／hm〓、127kg／hm〓和352kg／hm〓。

From the sea to land, from tree to tree, from crawling to standing, from the use of tools to manufacture tools, from Earth to space and the power of human self-behavior, self-driven desire for power, under the command of self-weighing has long been beyond the of the "survival act" category.

从大海到陆地，从树上到树下，从爬行到直立，从使用工具到制造工具，从地球到太空，人类的自我权力行为，在自我权欲驱使下，在自我权衡统率下，早已超越了&生存行为&的范畴。

Based on analyses of observations from the short-spaced GPS receiver array at Wuhan, the storm-time ionospheric irregularities which resulted in scintillations and rapid TEC fluctuations showed westward drifts between 21∶30 and 03∶00 LT with drift velocities changing from ~40 to ~130 m/s. And based on analyses of observations from the ultra-short spaced GPS receiver chain at Guilin, ionospheric irregularities which resulted in the L-band radio wave scintillations, showed eastward drifts around local midnight ranging from ~70 to ~55 m/s on the quiet-day and westward drifts ranging from ~150 to ~50 m/s before the midnight and eastward drifts after the midnight ranging from ~25 to ~65 m/s on the disturbed day.

短间距台网和超短间距台链观测实例的计算结果表明，暴时武汉地区引起TEC快速起伏的电离层不规则结构沿纬圈向西漂移，21∶30至03∶00 LT，西向漂移速度在约40 m/s至130 m/s的范围内变化；在桂林地区，磁静日午夜前后引起L波段电波闪烁的电离层不规则结构沿纬圈向东漂移，漂移速度从约70 m/s下降到约55 m/s，磁扰日午夜前不规则结构向西漂移，速度从约150 m/s下降到约50 m/s，午夜后转为向东漂移，速度从约25 m/s上升到约65 m/s。

After standard fire exposure test, the bending properties of glulam decreased with the fire exposure time increasing. The values of MOE and MOR decreased respectively from 4.1 GPa to 2.5-3.8 GPa and 48.2 MPa to 27.1-36.6 MPa for China fir glulam, from 5.3 GPa to 3.7-4.6 GPa and 54.8 MPa to 23.0-39.4 MPa for Japanese cedar glulam, from 5.3 GPa to 3.4-4.7 GPa and 51.4 MPa to 21.8-38.6 MPa for Taiwania glulam, from 7.7 GPa to 6.6- 6.9 GPa and 62.7 MPa to 33.2-40.8 MPa for Douglas-fir glulam, from 6.0 GPa to 4.4-5.3 GPa and 58.9 MPa to 26.4-42.1 MPa for Southern pine glulam.

经燃烧试验后，集成材之力学性质上，集成材之抗弯强度会随燃烧时间之增加而降低，其中，杉木集成材之MOE值由4.1 GPa降至2.5 - 3.8 GPa，MOR值由48.2 MPa降至27.1 - 36.6 MPa；柳杉集成材之MOE值由5.3 GPa降至3.7 - 4.6 GPa，MOR值由54.8 MPa降至23.0 - 39.4 MPa；台湾杉集成材之MOE值由5.3 GPa降至3.4 - 4.7 GPa，MOR值由51.4 MPa降至21.8 - 38.6 MPa；花旗松集成材之MOE值由7.7 GPa降至6.6 - 6.9 GPa，MOR值由62.7 MPa降至33.2 - 40.8 MPa；南方松集成材之MOE值由6.0 GPa降至4.4 - 5.3 GPa，MOR值由58.9 MPa降至26.4 - 42.1 MPa。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。