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The need to meet this demand can then throw the company into a liquidity crisis that may, in some cases, trigger still more downgrades. It all becomes a spiral that can lead to a corporate meltdown. Derivatives also create a daisy-chain risk that is akin to the risk run by insurers or reinsurers that lay off much of their business with others. In both cases, huge receivables from many counterparties tend to build up over time.(At Gen Re Securities, we still have $6.5 billion of receivables, though we've been in a liquidation mode for nearly a year.) A participant may see himself as prudent, believing his large credit exposures to be diversified and therefore not dangerous. Under certain circumstances, though, an exogenous event that causes the receivable from Company A to go bad will also affect those from Companies B through Z. History teaches us that a crisis often causes problems to correlate in a manner undreamed of in more tranquil times.

衍生性金融商品交易也有可能造成骨牌效应的风险，这是因为许多保险业及再保业者习惯将风险分散给其它保险公司，在这类的情况下，钜额的应收款项将随着交易对象的日趋复杂而持续累积，(以通用再保证券来说，虽然已经经过将近一年的清算期，目前仍有高达 65 亿美元的应收款项流通在外)，交易的一方或许对于自己相当有信心，认为其钜额的信用风险已经经过适度的分散，因此不会发生任何危险，只有等到某种特殊状况下，一个外部事件导致 A 公司的应收帐款发生问题，从而影响 B 公司，乃至于一路到 Z 公司，历史教训告诉我们危机的发生往往是我们在太平盛世时所梦想不到一连串问题串连所导致的。

Thus a truth may be self-evident -- eg the whole is greater than its part -- in which case we are said to have intuitive knowledge of it; or the truth may not be self-evident, but deducible from premises in which it is contained -- such knowledge is termed reasoned knowledge; or again a truth may be neither self-evident nor deducible from premises in which it is contained, yet the intellect may be obliged to assent to it because It would else have to reject some other universally accepted truth; lastly, the intellect may be induced to assent to a truth for none of the foregoing reasons, but solely because, though not evident in itself, this truth rests on grave authority -- for example, we accept the statement that the sun is 90,000,000 miles distant from the earth because competent, veracious authorities vouch for the fact.

因此，一个真理可能是不言自明的-例如整体大於部分-在这种情况下，我们说是有良知的知识；或真理未必是不言而喻的，但是从推的处所，其中载-这种知识是被称为理性知识；或再一个真理，可既不是不言自明的，也可推的，由房地，其中载，但理智却可能不得不赞同它，因为这样做，否则要拒绝其他一些普遍接受的真理；最后，智力可被诱导赞同一个真理，没有前述理由，但仅仅是因为，虽然并不明显，本身这个真理，就必须严重的权威-例如，我们接受了声明中说，太阳是90000000英里远离地球，因为能干，准确当局担保的事实。

It believes they should be entitled to : freedom from hunger and thirst freedom from discomfortable resting areas freedom from pain , injury and disease freedom to express normal behaviour freedom from fear and distress .

皇家防止虐待动物协会希望，所有的宠物和马戏团的动物都享有以下"五大自由"：不挨饿受渴的自由，不忍受不舒适住处的自由，不忍受伤痛和疾病的自由，表现正常行为的自由，不忍受心理恐惧和压力的自由。

It solves the problem that the unitary contour presentation can not correctly extract face contour in a face image which suffers from scale, rotation etc. The definition of the internal and external energy function is provided. At the same time, the global matching algorithm and local matching algorithm is given. The experiment shows that this presentation and the accompanying matching algorithm can be used to extract the face contour very well. So the image segmentation can be implemented by using it.②By analyzing the recognition principle of PCA method, we can conclude that the face images coming from different surrounding consist of different face image space. This is the essential reason that makes the generality of PCA method worse. Also, we give a measurement means to measure the distance from different face image space, so we can analyze face image space more conveniently.③We also construct various scale models and rotation pose models to detect the scale and rotating angle of face image to be recognized. The experiment results show that the detecting precision is very high. So it is good for face image feature extraction and face image representation.④Similarly, we construct local feature models of face image and utilize them to detect the local feature of face image. At the same time, we put forward a novel face image local feature detection algorithm, locating step by step. The experiment results show that this method can accurately detect the location of local face feature in a image.⑤A novel face image presentation model, dual attribute graph , is put forward. Firstly, it utilizes attribute graph to present the face image, then exact the local principal component coefficient and Gabor transform coefficient of thc pixels which corresponds to the nodes of the graph as the attribute of the nodes. This representation fully makes use of the statistical characteristic of the local face feature and utilizes Gabor transform to present the topographical structure of face image. So DAG has more general property.⑥Based on the DAG presentation, we give a DAG matching function and matching algorithm. During the design of the function and algorithm, the noise factor, e. g., lighting, scale and rotation pose are considered and tried to be eliminated. So the algorithm can give more general property.⑦A general face image recognition system is implemented. The experiment show the system can get better recognition performance under the noise surrounding of lighting, scale and rotation pose.

本文在上述研究的基础上，取得了如下主要研究成果：①构造了一个通用的人脸轮廓模型表示，解决了由于人脸图象尺度、旋转等因素而使得仅用单一轮廓表示无法正确提取人脸轮廓的问题，并给出了模型内、外能函数的定义，同时给出了模型的全局与局部匹配算法，实验表明，使用这种表示形式以及匹配算法，能够较好地提取人脸图象的轮廓，可实际用于人脸图象的分割；②深入分析了PCA方法的识别机制，得出不同成象条件下的人脸图象构成不同的人脸图象空间的结论，同时指出这也是造成PCA方法通用性较差的本质原因，并给出了不同人脸空间距离的一种度量方法，使用该度量方法能够直观地对人脸图象空间进行分析；③构造了各种尺度模板、旋转姿势模板以用于探测待识人脸图象的尺度、旋转角度，实验结果表明，探测精确度很高，从而有利于人脸图象特征提取，以及图象的有效表示；④构造了人脸图象的各局部特征模板，用于人脸图象局部特征的探测；同时提出了一种新的人脸图象局部特征探测法---逐步求精定位法，实验结果表明，使用这种方法能够精确地得到人脸图象各局部特征的位置；⑤提出了一种新的人脸图象表示法---双属性图表示法；利用属性图来表示人脸图象，并提取图节点对应图象位置的局部主成分特征系数以及Gabor变换系数作为图节点的属性，这种表示方法充分利用了人脸图象的局部特征的统计特性，并且使用Gabor变换来反映人脸图象的拓扑结构，从而使得双属性图表示法具有较强的通用性；⑥在双属性图表示的基础上，给出双属性图匹配函数及匹配算法，在函数及算法设计过程中，考虑并解决了光照、尺度、旋转姿势变化等因素对人脸图象识别的影响，使得匹配算法具有较强的通用性；⑦设计并实现了一个通用的人脸图象识别系统，实验结果表明，该系统在图象光照、尺度、旋转姿势情况下，得到了较好的识别效果。

But as it is easy to foresee that, from different causes and from different quarters, much pains will be taken, many artifices employed to weaken in your minds the conviction of this truth; as this is the point in your political fortress against which the batteries of internal and external enemies will be most constantly and actively (though often covertly and insidiously) directed, it is of infinite moment that you should properly estimate the immense value of your national union to your collective and individual happiness; that you should cherish a cordial, habitual, and immovable attachment to it; accustoming yourselves to think and speak of it as of the palladium of your political safety and prosperity; watching for its preservation with jealous anxiety; discountenancing whatever may suggest even a suspicion that it can in any event be abandoned; and indignantly frowning upon the first dawning of every attempt to alienate any portion of our country from the rest, or to enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together the various parts.

但是，正如人们很容易预见的是，从不同的原因和从不同的四分之三，但将采取的痛苦，许多技巧来削弱你的头脑的信念这个真理；因为这是指向您的政治堡垒，用以电池内部和外部的敌人将是最经常，积极导演，这是无限的时刻，你应该适当估计的巨大价值的国家联盟的集体和个人的幸福，你应该珍惜了亲切，习惯，和不动产查封的情况； accustoming自己去思考和谈论它的钯的政治安全和繁荣；看其保存嫉妒焦虑； discountenancing任何可能暗示甚至怀疑，它可以在任何情况下，被遗弃；和愤怒时皱着眉头的第一个到来的每一个企图疏远的任何部分，我国从其他国家，或enfeeble神圣的关系联系在一起，现在的各个部分。

But as it is easy to foresee that from different causes and from different quarters much pains will be taken, many artifices employed, to weaken in your minds the conviction of this truth, as this is the point in your political fortress against which the batteries of internal and external enemies will be most constantly and actively (though often covertly and insidiously) directed, it is of infinite moment that you should properly estimate the immense value of your national union to your collective and individual happiness; that you should cherish a cordial, habitual, and immovable attachment to it; accustoming yourselves to think and speak of it as of the palladium of your political safety and prosperity; watching for its preservation with jealous anxiety; discountenancing whatever may suggest even a suspicion that it can in any event be abandoned, and indignantly frowning upon the first dawning of every attempt to alienate any portion of our country from the rest or to enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together the various parts.

然而，不难预见，会有某些力量试图削弱你们心里对这个真理的信念，这些力量起因不一，来源各异，但均煞费苦心，千方百计地産生作用。其所以如此，是因爲统一是你们政治堡垒中的一个攻击重点，内外敌人的炮火，会不断加紧(虽然常是隐蔽地和阴险地)攻击。因此，当前最重要的是你们应当正确估量民族团结对于你们集体和个人幸福的巨大价值。对于它你们应当怀有诚挚的、一贯的和坚定不移的忠诚；你们在思想上和言谈中应习惯于把它当作政治安定和繁荣的保护神，你们要小心翼翼地维护它。如果有人提到这种信念在某种情况下可以拋弃，即使那只是猜想，也不应当表示支持，如果有人企图使我国的一部分脱离其余部分，或想削弱现在联系各部份的神圣纽带，只要他们一提出来，你们就应当予以怒斥。

This paper will describe,analyze and explain the phrase of "V+ge+VP"from the two parts: diatronic and syntronic.In the syntronic point,we fully describe the surface syntax structure, the deep–seated semantic relation and the exterior pragmatic functions from point to side,then we compare the difference and the homology with "V+de+VP"from multi-point.At last,we analyze and explain the pragmatic functions by focus theory and metrics principle. In the diatronic point, we explore the origin and development of this phrase,then we research its development. We summarize its developing process from Qing dynasty to modern times and predict its developing tendency as a whole on the statistics of its development.

本文从共时和历时两个角度对"V+个+VP"进行描写、分析和解释：在共时平面上对"V+个+VP"动补结构的表层句法结构、深层语义关系及外部语用功能进行从点到面的详尽描述，并从多个角度将其与"V+得+VP"结构的异同进行对比，最后综合运用焦点理论及韵律学原则分析解释其承担的语用功能；在历时平面上探究"V+个+VP"短语的来源及发展概况，对"V+个+VP"的发展情况进行考察统计，对其从清代到现代的发展情况加以总结，并从总体上概括了"V+个+VP"短语的发展趋势。

This thesis argues that the folk belief not only to relate to the state and folk society, but also to be a independent filed from state and folk society. The folk belief needs to get approvement from the state, and also needs to get admition from the folk society. To utilize state and to copy society is a strategy that the belief does get approvement and admition.

文章认为民间信仰既是与国家及民间社会有着紧密联系但同时又相对独立于国家与民间社会的领域，对于国家，民间信仰需要获得其认可，对于民间社会，民间信仰需要获得其承认，征借国家与复制社会即是民间信仰为获致认可与承认而具体运作的策略。

But nothing was eaten in the house that was not seasoned in the broth of longing: malanga for the soup had to be from Riohacha and corn for the breakfast arepas needed to come from Fonseca, goats were raised with salt from La Guajira, and turtles and lobsters were brought in live from Dibuya.

然而家里的惯例，做汤的树薯非得是Riohacha的，做早餐面包用的玉米必来自Fonseca，山羊们是La Guajira的盐喂大的，而甲鱼和龙虾则是从Dibuya鲜活地带了来的。这些食物，因为浸润着思乡的渴望而变得鲜美，成为我家餐桌上的不二之选。

From diagnosis to brand positioning, marketing, from brand design to advertising creative design, from multi-media campaign strategies to the development of tactical public relations program, we have been very personalized service and tracking services to protect customer marketing battle to win every game, the pursuit of the many services in the enterprise Business directory to become business partners and grow together.

从行销诊断到品牌定位，从品牌形象设计到广告创意设计，从媒介投放策略到制定多战术公关方案，我们向来以个性化服务与全程跟踪服务保障客户赢得场场营销战役，追求在企业众多服务商名录中成为企业的伙伴并共同成长。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。