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In this dissertation the"Penalty"finite element method was employed to compute the velocity of the three-dimensional flow of power-law fluid in a profile die. In order to decrease the needed computer memory and raise the stability of numerical simulation, a set of decoupled methods such as PFEM, pseudo-body force method and transformation of momentum equation to the elliptic equation was developed to establish the general finite element equations to compute the distributions of velocity and viscoelastic stress of the three-dimensional viscoelastic flow of the Phan ThienTanner fluid in a profile die. During numerical simulation of the extrudate swell of the PTT fluid, the flow in the die and out of the die was analyzed separately, which demands less computer memory. The key techniques used in numerical simulation of the three-dimensional extrusion from dies such as decision of boundary conditions, creation of initial velocity field, selection of penalty factor, high Weissenberg number problem , regeneration of the free surface were studied in detail.

中文题名聚合物异型材口模挤出三维流动研究副题名外文题名 Study on three-dimensional flow of polymer melts during the process of profile extrusion from dies 论文作者涂志刚导师柳和生包忠诩教授学科专业材料加工工程研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位南昌大学学位授予日期2001 论文页码总数148页关键词挤出成型聚合物材料挤出口模聚合物异型材馆藏号BSLW /2003 /TQ320 /9 本文建立了求解挤出口模内幂律流体流动速度场的通用三维罚有限元模型；对于非线性粘弹性的Phan Thien-Tanner流体，为了降低模拟计算对计算机硬件的要求，并使模拟计算更加稳定，采用了一种去耦算法，包括罚有限元方法、拟体力方法和动量方程的椭圆类方程转化方法，并建立了求解速度场和粘弹性应力场的总体有限元方程；对于PTT流体的挤出胀大问题，提出了挤出胀大熔体口模内外分离模拟法，这样可以显著降低数值模拟对计算机硬件的要求。

At first, the neural network is applied to quark and gluon jets produced from the Monte Carlo simulation of e~+e~- collision at s~(1/2)= 91.2GeV. From this application, some factors which will affect the performance of neural network are investigated.

首先我们利用神经网络来识别蒙特卡罗产生的正负电子在91.2GeV碰撞下生成的夸克喷注和胶子喷注，考察了一些影响神经网络判别性能的因素，以获得关于应用神经网络的一些规律性的知识。

EXAMPLE : Financial groups jealously guard their profits from this line of business, but analysts suggest that they can expect returns of up to 30 per cent from buying NPLs for a fraction of their face value and then either recovering the loan or selling the underlying asset.

面值：指表明债券、票据或其他契据所有权的证明书表面所显示的价值，也指债务证券到期时赎回价值。英文又称nominal value 或par value。

Following from this and considering the work of Kays (2003) and the relationship between emergence theory and instructional design, we face the potential of learning outcomes emerging from learning environments over which the instructional designer has no control—and the factors that govern the emergence of such occurrences are complex and uncertain.

根据以上论述，并考虑到 Kays （2003）的研究以及涌现理论与教学设计之间的关系，我们面临着学习成果从教学设计者并未控制的学习环境中产生出来这种可能，而影响这些情况产生的因素却非常复杂而且不确定。

In other words, this is yet another low-brow laff-a-thon from the Broken Lizard gang that's likely to draw a bigger audience on DVD than it did in theaters, especially since there's a lot of duds to sit through while waiting for the next big beer-belly-laugh.

换言之，这又是低额头laff - 1和平面吞from断蜥团伙，这可能会更多的观众绘制的DVD运动不仅仅它在电影院，特别是因为很多是一个哑弹参加通过而下一个大的啤酒肚皮笑等候。

A broad expanse of the river was turned to blood;1 in the middle distance the red hue brightened into gold, through which a solitary log came floating black and conspicuous;2 in one place a long, slanting mark lay sparkling upon the water; in another the surface was broken by boiling, tumbling rings, that were as many-tinted as an opal; where the ruddy flush was faintest, was a smooth spot that was covered with graceful circles and radiating lines, ever so delicately traced; the shore on our left was densely wooded, and the somber shadow that fell from this forest was broken in one place by a long, ruffled trail that shone like silver; and high above the forest wall a clean-stemmed dead tree waved a single leafy bough that glowed like a flame in the unobstructed splendor that was flowing from the sun.

不远处红光闪成金黄；孤零零的一根原木在河中漂浮而来，呈一线醒目的黑色；河的一处，一条长长的斜影横落在水面上，闪闪烁烁；另一处，水面被翻滚的水波打碎，仿佛蛋白石放射的斑斓色彩；红彩最淡处是一片平静的水面，覆盖着优雅的环形和放射状的波纹，细腻如绘；河左岸是一片浓密的森林，一条长长的崎岖小径划破树林的一片荫翳，闪闪如银；一株光秃秃的枯树高耸于密林之上，仅剩的一杆青枝随风摇曳，像火焰闪耀在阳光洒下的一览无遗的壮美之中。

A broad expanse of the river was turned to blood; in the middle distance the red hue brightened into gold;,through which a solitary log came floating ,black and conspicuous; in one place ,a long slanting mark lay sparkling upon the water; in another the surface was broken by boiling ,tumbling rings, that were as many-tinted as an opal; where the ruddy flush was faintest ,was a smooth spot that was covered with graceful circles and radiating lines, ever so delicatedly traced; the shore on our left was densely wooded ,and the somber shadow that fell from this forest was broken in one place by a long, ruffled trail that shone like silver; and high above the forest wall a clean-stemmed dead tree waved a single leafy bough that glowed like a flame in the unobstructed splendor that was flowing from the sun. there were graceful curves ,reflected images ,woody heights ,soft distances ; and over the whole scene ,far and near ,the dissolving lights drifted steadily ,enriching it every passing moment with new marvels of coloring.

还记得自己刚开始船上生涯时所见过的那次辉煌的落日：宽阔的河面一片血红；不远处这红色明亮起来，变成金色，一根显眼的黑色圆森木从中漂过；这边，一根长长的浮标倾斜在水面上，熠熠闪光；那边，翻滚的波浪打破了宁静的水面，像猫眼石般色彩纷呈；微红的水流最缓和处，美丽的涟漪在平稳的水面上层层荡漾开去；左侧的河岸上丛林茂密；一条如银带般闪亮的小径从昏暗的树荫中蜿蜒而出，伸向远处；高高的密林之上有一根无枝无蔓的枯树，仅留有一根带叶的树枝在风中晃动，在太阳一泻千里的光辉里，它宛如燃烧的一团火；还有优美的波纹、水中的倒影、树木葱茏的高地、柔和的远景；放眼望去，由远及近，逐渐裉去的光线随波荡漾，每时每记得都以其新的奇妙着色为这条河添姿增彩。

Sara Mednick, from the University of California, San Diego, suggests that non-habitual nappers suffer from this more often than those who siesta regularly.

这可能是因为那些醒来容易头脑晕沉的人平时很少午睡的原因。

Sara Mednick, from the University of California, San Diego, suggests that non-habitual nappers suffer from this more often than those who siesta regularly.

麦德尼克说，没有午睡习惯的人和有规律午睡的人比起来更容易发生这种情形。

Sara Mednick, from the University of California, San Diego, suggests that non-habitual nappers suffer from this more often than those who siesta regularly.

这可能是由于那些醒来容易头脑晕沉的人，因为有这种反应，首先就不会选择午睡。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新