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The basic approach of protecting people from being hurt or killed in an accident is to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. This paper starts with discussing theories and methods for vehicle passive safety design, which included experiential methods, analytic methods, multi-body dynamics methods, crash test methods and the finite element method. Emphasis will be paid to the basic FEM theories and algorithms of impact problems. Topics discussed include the governing equation, element discretization, hourglass control, time integration, material model, shell element algorithms and contact-impact algorithms. For more reliable simulation results, this paper then conducts study on how to accurately get material model parameters by combining the FEM method with experimental method, and develops relevant material test machine and parameter calculating software. Based on that, basic typical impact simulation and test validation study are conducted. On the basis of the above work, the paper studies the thin-shell structures'crashworthiness, which was affected by the following factors: spot-weld features, shell thickness, cross-section and pre-deformation. As to vehicle parts'crashworthiness, the paper conducts simulation study of designing energy-absorbing steering system and adaptive airbag system. A practical energy-absorbing steering wheel is designed as an example. In further depth research, the paper suggests several inverse quantificational methods for vehicle crashworthiness design based on the ideal crash characteristics. The above theories and methods are applied with good results through several practical vehicles' crashworthiness design and improvement.

文中对汽车碰撞安全性的设计理论和方法进行了归类和总结，其中包括经验法、解析法、多刚体动力学法、试验法以及有限元方法等；重点介绍了碰撞有限元法的基本理论和有关算法，涉及到有限元求解控制方程、单元离散、沙漏模态控制、时间积分、材料模型和应力修正、薄壳单元算法以及接触碰撞界面算法等，探讨了有限元计算中的材料模型参数获取技术，开发了相应的材料试验装置及材料模型参数反求软件，在此基础上进行了基本的碰撞仿真算例和试验对比研究；文中通过应用有限元方法研究了薄壁构件的碰撞吸能特性，指出了设计薄壁吸能构件时需要考虑的几个主要影响因素，即焊点、壁厚、横截面和预变形等；在关于车辆部件的碰撞安全性能设计中进行了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究，提出了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究方法；文中最后探讨了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进方法，提出了以理想碰撞特性为目标，采用分段加速度或者根据碰撞时间进行设计的反推设计法、部件吸能仿真优化设计法等量化设计方法，并通过综合应用文中所讨论的相关技术进行了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进实例研究，所选定的车型是大众化的普通轿车和碰撞安全性基础较差的微型面包车，研究结果表明，本文所提出的设计与改进方法是适用而有效的，具有重要的工程实用意义和价值。

At first, the author made an analysis on the influence of the entry of WTO over domestic banking industry from the aspects of operation system, business development, and personnel management, referring to the relevant content of WTO provisions, then the author mainly focused on those growing and profitable Small and medium size banks as his object of study in this thesis, and comprehensively analyzed those banks exteriorly on their political, economic, technological and business environments though the theory of strategic management. Meanwhile, the author made a detailed investigation on the internal elements of Small and medium size banks, including their "3 characteristics", share-holding features, management characteristics, business operation, and personnel resources.

文章首先结合世贸组织的相关内容，从经营制度、业务和人才角度来分析WTO对整个国内银行业的影响，然后以新兴的、业绩优秀的中小银行为主体，运用战略管理理论的分析方法，从其所处的政策环境、经济环境、技术环境、业务经营环境以及国内竞争环境着手，对其进行了全面真实的外部环境分析；同时就中小银行的"三性"、股权特征、管理特色、业务运作和人力资源状况等方面进行了详实的内部因素分析。

This paper analyze and study the influence of the superimposition in depth based on the previous achievements and combined with the theoretical qualitative analysis and project instances. The main contents as follow:Chapter 1: Indicate the significance and objective of this paper, review the previous achievements of the transient process and superimposition, and then present the study purpose of this paper.Chapter 2: combined with the physic knowledge of the fluctuation and the superimposition, Indicate the physical essences and the influence of the superimposition phenomena that exist in the diversion pipe system, and take one hydraulic turbine owning only one diversion tunnel and two hydraulic turbines sharing one tailrace conduit for instance to study out the numerical calculation superimpose operations.Chapter 3: From the calculation theory of the parameter of the guaranty calculation of regulation of the hydro-turbine, qualitative analyze the influence of the superimposition on them and the superpose time, combined with some project instances, get the numerical value of the influence of the superimposition and the superpose time.Chapter 4: Based on the previous achievements of the calculation and theoretical analysis of the surge-chamber ground swell, analyze the influence of the superimposition on it and the superpose time.

本文在前人研究成果的基础上，结合理论定性分析及工程实例，对波动叠加带来的影响进行深入分析研究，其主要内容如下：第1章，指出本文研究的意义和目的，回顾前人对水电站过渡过程及波动叠加方面的有关研究成果，在此基础上提出本文的研究内容；第2章，结合物理学中有关振动与波动叠加方面的有关知识，阐述水电站引水发电系统中存在的波动现象的实质及其影响，并以两机一洞和一机一洞具有上游调压室或下游调压室的水电站拟定其数值计算叠加工况；第3章，从机组调保参数的理论出发，定性的分析波动叠加对机组调保参数的不利影响及叠加时间，结合几个工程实例，得到波动叠加带来的影响大小及叠加时间；第4章，在前人对调压室涌浪进行计算和理论分析的基础上，分析波动叠加对调压室涌浪的影响及其叠加时间。

Then the essay further elaborates on the effects financial management standardization has on enterprises from the internal financial management models of modern enterprises, the effects financial management systems have on enterprises financing ability, the function normative financial management has on increasing revenue and cutting expenditures for companies and organizations as well as incorrupt departments.

进而从现代企业的内部财务管理模式，财务管理体系对企业融资能力的影响，以及规范的财务管理对企业或组织的增收节支，部门廉洁的作用等方面对财务管理的规范对企业的影响方面进行论述。

Leon quickly got on the dark green van which Chi Chuen was on board; and the van immediately drove away. However, Ah Bee was still waiting for the arrival of Joe Chan, and both of them were carrying big luggage. Soon, Leon's van returned and Ah Bee put on the luggage in the van. Fans silently stood beside the van and they can see Leon's complexion from outside. Suddenly, Leon waved to the fans and fans immediately replied. Leon then did a "sleeping" gesture (put two hands on the side of this cheek), telling them that he has to sleep.

Leon很快就上了子泉和司机驶来的墨绿色保母车，保母车立刻驶走了，不过阿B则折返禁区口会合一同回港的陈善之，取回大件行李，再推上机场大楼外，不久Leon又坐著母车回来，阿B将行李放上车尾厢之际，歌迷们都默默地站在车前，透过玻璃窗清楚地凝望Leon，这时Leon忽然向歌迷们挥手，歌迷当然立刻回应，Leon就向大家做手势，将双手合什放在脸侧，显示自己要睡觉。

The security of PKI system itself is especially emphasized during the system design and implementation process, which is in accordance with the pervasive characteristic of PKI. Second, the concept of a Trusted Key Management Center is introduced for the first time. This technology greatly strengthens key management practices and allows for smooth transition from PKI to Key Management Infrastructure. Third, certificate status mechanisms are investigated in depth, and a certificate revocation performance simulation system is devised. All these work will provide guides to practice and employment of PKI applications. Based on time constraints, a new taxonomy for authenticated dictionaries is proposed. Fourth, formal analysis ofOCSP protocol is carried out; then an efficient and scalable OCSP system is developed. Fifth, the special requirements caused by the working environments of Wireless PKI are analyzed. Based on communicative hashing and dynamic Merkle hash tree, an efficient certificate status validation method suitable for WPKI is presented. Sixth, one important kind of fair exchange protocols is studied, and a new CEMBS based on RSA cryptosystem is proposed. Afterwards, a novel fair exchange protocol totally based on RSA signature scheme is devised.

在系统设计和实现的过程中，考虑到PKI作为普适性安全基础平台的特点，特别强调PKI系统自身的安全性；第二，首次在PKI系统的设计中提出了"可信密钥管理中心"的概念，这一独特设计大大地强化了密钥管理功能的实施，为PKI向密钥管理基础设施的平滑过渡提供了良好的技术准备；第三，对证书状态验证机制进行了深入研究，设计了证书状态模拟系统，以指导PKI系统和应用的部署和实施；在此基础上，基于时间约束首次给出了认证字典的一种新的分类方法；第四，对OCSP协议进行了形式化分析，设计和实现了一种高效、可扩展的OCSP系统；第五，分析了WPKI工作环境对设计安全基础平台提出的特殊要求，结合无线移动设备的具体特点，基于可交换杂凑函数和动态Merkle杂凑树设计出了一种适用于WPKI环境的高效证书状态查询机制；第六，对一类公平交换协议进行了深入的研究，从设计公平交换协议的密码基础结构出发，提出了一种新型的基于RSA密码体制的高效CEMBS；在此工作的基础上，设计了一种基于RSA密码体制的最优化公平交换协议。

The security of PKI system itself is especially emphasized during the system design and implementation process, which is in accordance with the pervasive characteristic of PKI. Second, the concept of a Trusted Key Management Center is introduced for the first time. This technology greatly strengthens key management practices and allows for smooth transition from PKI to Key Management Infrastructure . Third, certificate status mechanisms are investigated in depth, and a certificate revocation performance simulation system is devised. All these work will provide guides to practice and employment of PKI applications. Based on time constraints, a new taxonomy for authenticated dictionaries is proposed. Fourth, formal analysis of OCSP protocol is carried out; then an efficient and scalable OCSP system is developed. Fifth, the special requirements caused by the working environments of Wireless PKI are analyzed. Based on communicative hashing and dynamic Merkle hash tree, an efficient certificate status validation method suitable for WPKI is presented. Sixth, one important kind of fair exchange protocols is studied, and a new CEMBS based on RSA cryptosystem is proposed. Afterwards, a novel fair exchange protocol totally based on RSA signature scheme is devised.

在系统设计和实现的过程中，考虑到PKI作为普适性安全基础平台的特点，特别强调PKI系统自身的安全性；第二，首次在PKI系统的设计中提出了"可信密钥管理中心"的概念，这一独特设计大大地强化了密钥管理功能的实施，为PKI向密钥管理基础设施的平滑过渡提供了良好的技术准备；第三，对证书状态验证机制进行了深入研究，设计了证书状态模拟系统，以指导PKI系统和应用的部署和实施；在此基础上，基于时间约束首次给出了认证字典的一种新的分类方法；第四，对OCSP协议进行了形式化分析，设计和实现了一种高效、可扩展的OCSP系统；第五，分析了WPKI工作环境对设计安全基础平台提出的特殊要求，结合无线移动设备的具体特点，基于可交换杂凑函数和动态Merkle杂凑树设计出了一种适用于WPKI环境的高效证书状态查询机制；第六，对一类公平交换协议进行了深入的研究，从设计公平交换协议的密码基础结构出发，提出了一种新型的基于RSA密码体制的高效CEMBS；在此工作的基础上，设计了一种基于RSA密码体制的最优化公平交换协议。

The thesis, based mainly on the theory from Gadamer"s philosophical hermeneutics, first tries to list and correct the wrong opinions held on the translator for long, coming to the assumption that the process of translating is a dialogue between the translator and the text, and then attempts to probe into and clarify in detail the status and functions of the translator and his subjectivity in translation and to elaborate on the related aspects such as the restrictions on the translator"s subjectivity, the issue of retranslation, and the translators quality.

论文主要以伽达默尔哲学解释学为理论基础，力图更正长期以来对译者的一些错误看法并详细论述了其主体性作用，指出翻译是译者与文本之间的对话，其过程中译者承担了各种角色的功能。文章还论述了译者主体性的限制、复译和译者素养等方面的内容。

Training when crawling, let the children get on the ground, into a prone position, his head looked up and, with his hands up the body, the parents of the baby's legs, bending gently on his belly, in your baby's face will put some dynamic, interesting toys, such as the roly-poly, singing dolls, electric vehicles, so as to enhance your baby's interest inspired him to crawl引逗at this time, parents can hand in his buttocks lightly stabbed you, or the palm of your hand resist his little feet, children will often put forward, so he had to crawl slowly; If a child is prone position, the only inhibitory effect head, upper limb strength should not put up their own bodies, chest, waist spaces should not inflate the abdomen should not from the bed, parents can be a towel on the baby's chest and abdomen, and then bring a towel, so that the infant chest, abdomen leaving the bed, body weight fell on hands and knees and repeated practice, the question of the lower leg strong muscles that can support the body weight, it has been gradually learn to crawl.

训练爬行时，先让孩子趴下，成俯卧位，把头仰起，用手把身体撑起来，家长把孩子的腿，轻轻弄弯放在他的肚子下，在孩子的面前，放些会动的、有趣的玩具，如不倒翁、会唱歌的娃娃、电动汽车等，以提高孩子的兴趣，启发、引逗他爬行，此时，家长可以用手在他的臀部轻轻捅一下，或用手掌抵住他的小脚掌，孩子常常会向前扑，于是就慢慢地爬行了；如果婴儿俯卧位时，只会把头抑起，上肢的力量不能把自己的身体撑起，胸、腰部位不能抬高，腹部不能离床时，父母可以用条毛巾放在婴儿的胸腹部，然后提起毛巾，使婴儿胸、腹部离开床面，全身重量落在手和膝上，反复练习后，待小腿的肌肉结实，能支撑身体重量时，也就渐渐地学会爬行了。

Training when crawling, let the children get on the ground, into a prone position, his head looked up and, with his hands up the body, the parents of the baby's legs, bending gently in his stomach, in your baby's face will put some dynamic and interesting toys, such as the roly-poly, singing dolls, electric vehicles, so as to improve the baby's interest inspired him to crawl引逗at this time, parents can be hands on his hips gently stab you, or the palm of your hand He withstood a small foot, the children often put forward, so he had to crawl slowly; If a child is prone position, the only head suppression, the strength of the upper limbs of the body can not put up their chest, waist can not be elevation, when the abdomen can not be away from the bed, parents can be a towel on the baby's chest and abdomen, and then bring a towel, so that the infant chest, abdomen leaving the bed, body weight fell on hands and knees and repeated practice, the question of the lower leg strong muscles that can support the body weight, it has been gradually learn to crawl.

训练爬行时，先让孩子趴下，成俯卧位，把头仰起，用手把身体撑起来，家长把宝宝的腿，轻轻弄弯放在他的肚子下，在宝宝的面前，放些会动的、有趣的玩具，如不倒翁、会唱歌的娃娃、电动汽车等，以提高宝宝的兴趣，启发、引逗他爬行，此时，家长可以用手在他的臀部轻轻捅一下，或用手掌抵住他的小脚掌，孩子常常会向前扑，于是就慢慢地爬行了；如果婴儿俯卧位时，只会把头抑起，上肢的力量不能把自己的身体撑起，胸、腰部位不能抬高，腹部不能离床时，父母可以用条毛巾放在婴儿的胸腹部，然后提起毛巾，使婴儿胸、腹部离开床面，全身重量落在手和膝上，反复练习后，待小腿的肌肉结实，能支撑身体重量时，也就渐渐地学会爬行了。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。