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1Niche construction can lead to stable coexistence of diverse genotypes in spatially structured population, which supports a stable polymorphism even without heterozygote superiority.(2)With habitat deterioration, niche construction accelerates the formation of steady polymorphism and hence impedes the harmful influences of environment on the population, which might embody a life-history strategy of organism under the unfavorable environment.(3)Niche construction results in the coexistence with alternative polymorphism through genotype-environment feedback and limited gene flow.(4)The niche-constructing organism is an active force to alter its environment and hence the direction of natural selection in order to better survival.(5)Spatial dynamics and distribution pattern of metapopulation are profoundly influenced by time-lagged niche construction.(6)Metapopulation size can reach a fixed level in the recency effect and equal weighting of time lag but is statistical stability in primacy effect, which implies the primacy effect is most remarkable.(7)The increment in the relative weightingof each generation\' niche construction and the length of time lag are significant factors for system destabilization.(8)Moderate capacity of positive niche construction benefits the metapopulation persistence.(9)The narrowing of niche breadth can decrease the metapopulation size and thereby increase the extinction risk.(10)The coupled function of time lag and niche construction make the system oscillation and generate the spiral wave, spiral-broken and circular wave in heterogeneous habitat.The spatial distributions of metapopulation and resource content are complementary due to a phase lag of their both frequencies.(12)Metapopulation persistence with niche construction depends not only on the balance between colonization and extinction, but also on the balance between the ability of niche construction and natural dissipation of habitat.(13)Metapopula-tion can survive under certain condition when the percent of suitable patches in habitat is lower than the ration of extinction to colonization.(14)Two thresholds exist in the process of transition of habitat quality dynamics from unsuitable to suitable, which include the intensity of niche construction and the initial condition of system.(15)Metapopulation size is positive correlated with the ability of positive niche construction, which means that organism or population who has strongly positive influences on their environment plays an important role to maintain the available habitat.

通过上述几个方面的研究，主要得出以下15条结论：(1)生态位构建可使空间结构种群，甚至是在没有杂合子优势的条件下，形成多种可能的稳定基因型分布模式；(2)随着环境的破坏与恶化，种群的生态位构建作用加速其较早形成稳定多态以阻碍环境对种群的不利影响，解释了有机体在不利环境下的一种生活史对策；(3)生态位构建作用通过基因型—环境反馈机制及有限的基因交流导致基因型多态的稳定共存；(4)有机体的生态位构建作用是一种积极的动力改变环境进而改变其自然选择的方向；(5)生态位构建的时滞作用对集合种群动态和空间分布产生深刻影响；(6)集合种群大小在时滞的崭新效应和等权重效应下达到一固定值，而在首位效应下达到统计稳定，表明首位效应的影响最显著；(7)首位效应下生态位构建相对权重的增量和时滞的长度是影响系统不稳定性动态的关键因素；(8)适中的生态位构建强度有利于集合种群的续存；(9)生态位宽度变窄会减少集合种群的数量从而增加其灭绝风险；(10)时滞和生态位构建的双重作用使系统产生周期振荡，并在异质性环境中产生稳定的螺旋波，破碎的螺旋波和环形波三种分布模式；(11)集合种群与资源含量的空间分布因为相滞而互补；(12)具有生态位构建的集合种群续存不仅取决于侵占率与灭绝率之间的平衡，而且依赖于生态位构建能力同其生境的自然消耗速率之间的妥协；(13)当生境中适合侵占的斑块比例小于其侵占率与灭绝率之比时，生态位构建作用促使集合种群在一定条件下续存：(14)生境斑块的状态从不适合到适合转变过程中存在生态位构建强度和系统初始条件这两个阈值；(15)集合种群的大小同正生态位构建能力正相关，意味着对环境具有较强正作用的有机体对维持有效生境起积极作用。

The influences of the shock thickness and Alfven waves on the particle acceleration by diffusive shock waves are numerically studied through solving one-dimensional diffusive equation including the second-order Fermi effect. It is shown that the spectral index of the energetic particles strongly depends on the shock thickness. For example, the spectral index increases from 2.1 to 3.7 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 2.5 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV as the thickness increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.3 to 3.1 as the particle injection energy increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.0 to 1.8 at the quasi-steady stage with the enhancement of the compression ratio from 2 to 4. The results indicate that under the influence of Alfven waves, the energetic particle spectrum at lower energy becomes flat and the spectral index decreases from 2.5 to 0.6 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 11.6 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV. At the same time, the rollover energy reaches 19.6 MeV. The spectral index decreases from 5.8 to 2.9 as the energy density of Alfven waves increase. All these results are basically consistent with the theoretical models, as well as the observations of typical energetic particle events.

通过数值求解包含二阶费米加速的一维扩散方程，探讨在准平行激波条件下激波厚度和级联阿尔芬波对粒子加速的影响，研究粒子分布函数的演化与激波厚度和阿尔芬波强度的内禀关系，计算结果表明：(1)考虑激波厚度时，谱指数明显依赖于激波厚度，随着厚度从0.32增大到2.56，低能端(3-10MeV)谱指数逐渐从2.1增加到3.7，高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从2.4增大到5.0，能谱逐渐变软；当初始注入粒子动量增大1.3倍，质子能谱指数从4.3减小到3.1，且与零厚度激波加速的谱指数差值缩小；厚度不变时，随着压缩比从2增加到4，准稳态分布时低能端(3-10MeV)粒子能谱指数逐渐从4.0减小到1.8谱变硬；(2)在级联阿尔芬波的影响下，随着时间的增大，粒子在低能处(3-10MeV)的谱指数从2.5减小到0.6高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从11.6减小到5.0，能谱变硬，拐点能量值从7.5MeV增大到为19.6MeV；随着波的能量密度增大，谱指数从5.8减小到2.9，这表明阿尔芬波强度越大，加速效率越高，通过与激波厚度解析结果和高能粒子事件的观测能谱比较发现两者是一致的，说明数值模拟结果是可靠的。

At the end of March, our class organization must go to outdoors camp cooking each person to pay 100 Yuan, so-called is the return excess, we specially have also hired accountant ha, we must go the place is Beijing Huairou zone Tang Yunong the courtyard, we decided beforehand Friday embarks Saturday in the afternoon comes back, as soon as the preparation needs to live in the agricultural courtyard sleeps, the rent is in any case inexpensive,(lives in a late each talented person 10 Yuan), is inexpensive, because we rest is the ridge which puts,(did not know that you understand), the major activity is fishing, bakes, bakes inside this compared to fishing is interested, today weThe thing which "the collection" we need to outside, the thing which the fishing pole, the fish food and so on a series of fishing need, moreover we also bought several night light fishing to float, we prepared in the evening also to fish, stimulation ha…As for the thing which bakes we had decided that good will be this week buys next week buys, this week bought the meat words to fear that next week will roast has not been delicious, next week will buy does not fear the time, because our week 5 were on vacation from school embarks fundamentally has not had the time, therefore we very difficult to decide…This must be decided in our class "the board of directors" the decision, after having gone to result words that to let everybody and so on meet, because our in March 28 talents embark, must know that result that wanted the April's first week to issue diary again

三月底，我们班组织要去户外野炊每人交100元钱，所谓是多退少补吗呵呵，我们还特别雇佣了个会计员哈哈，我们要去的地点是北京市怀柔区城唐裕农家院，我们事先决定星期五出发星期六下午回来，准备要在农家院住一宿，反正租金也不贵，（住一晚每个人才10元），不贵吧因为我们睡的是北方的坎，，主要活动是钓鱼、烧烤，在这里面烧烤比钓鱼感兴趣，今天我们就到外面"搜集"我们所需要的东西，鱼竿、鱼食等一系列钓鱼所需要的东西，另外我们还买了几个夜光的渔漂，我们准备在晚上还要去钓鱼，刺激吧哈哈…至于烧烤的东西我们还没决定好是这星期买还是下星期买，这星期买了肉的话怕下星期烤了不好吃，下星期买又怕没时间因为我们星期5放学就出发了根本没时间，所以我们很难决定…这个吗还要取决于我们班里"董事会"的决定了，至于去了之后的结果的话那就要让大家等会了，因为我们3月28号才出发，要知道结果那就要4月的第一个礼拜再发布日志了

When the air was found bound, opened two stars to get away, this time is two choices towards you, one to run away Do not worry, and maintain and open trailers from 15-20 Ma, close to you run away on that and the observation of two stars of the state body, the time is certainly trying to avoid, and all skills must not be blind to control litter, and he did not avoid the first bound, do not stop immediately even a tree change, because he would immediately medicine, tree less than others, this time no point in catching on, a good two stars, more than half of blood, then it is absolutely able to escape from any of his career.

空中束缚时候被人发现，杀星开了闪避，这个时候肯定是两个选择，一是冲向你，一是逃跑，不要急，保持并拖开距离15-20玛，近了你跑，远了就追，观察杀星身上的状态，这个时间是肯定有闪避的，所有控制技能千万不要盲目乱丢，等他闪避没了，先束缚，不要停，马上连一个变树，因为他马上会吃药，树不到人家，这个时候再追就没什么意义了，一个好的杀星，半血以上的话，是绝对能够从任何职业手下逃跑的。

This article starts with a review of the history of the "Expression" conception in the Occident literature tradition,from which to conclude the base connotation of modern "Expression" conception in occident.Relying on this springboard,we analyses the history of the occidental modern plastic arts gradually ,then the naissance and development of the occidental modern plastic arts may boil down to a going-deep course driven by the "Expression" conception:the impressionism which had been pursuing sensual reality brought out a turning point from Representation to expression;Faurism accomplished the consciousness of Expression based on inheriting and criticizing Post-Impressionisme, and resisted the suppressant on Expression by Physical Image; the German Expressionism and Surrealism uplifted Expression at the same time they resisted Physical Image by "Nugatory Physical image"; From the apocalypse of Cubism,Suprematism and De Stijl tended towards Pure Plastic which excluded Physical Image completely,meaning that it had realized absolute Expression in the range of plastic;After WW II,artsists in western detected that Pure Plastic had actually suppressed Expression newly,as a result of Abstract-Expressionism and Mirnirnaliam Art,Expression broke away from Pure Plastic gradually to seek some new possibilities other than plastic.

本文从对西方文艺传统中的"表现"观念的历史考察着手，归纳出西方现代"表现"观念的核心内涵，以此为基点来逐步分析西方现代造型艺术史，进而将西方现代造型艺术的产生与发展归结为在"表现"观念驱动下不断递进的历史进程：印象主义对感觉真实的追求为造型艺术由再现走向表现打开了缺口；野兽派在继承和批判后印象主义的基础上首次实现了表现的自觉，并在艺术中反抗物象对表现的压迫；德国表现主义与超现实主义以不彻底的"否定性物象"来张扬表现反抗物象；至上主义、风格派等则在立体主义的启示下走向完全排斥物象的纯粹造型，在造型的范围内实现彻底的表现；二战后的西方艺术家们察觉到纯粹造型已经掉转头来形成新的对表现的压制；经由抽象表现主义、最低限艺术，表现逐步摆脱了纯粹造型，寻求造型之外的新的表现可能。

In the part of empirical analysis of Chinese IPO first-day return, the difference between existing study and this study is that we use principal components analysis to extract from five factors to construct investors'sentiment index, add it to controled varibles, on which we examine the influence of offering mechanism on IPO first-day return. Moreover, we gather statistics and compare the IPO holding return for lockup period between fixed-price-class offering method and bookbuilding-class offering method, as well as price range between Chinese A-share market and Hongkong stock market, which prvide comprehensive evidence to appraise Chinese IPO bookbuilding mechanism. 2. Compare to the existing literatures which consider discount or allocation, incentive allocation and discount are considered at the same time in optimal mechanism design in this dissertation, and the offering bottom price is introduced to the price range. We investigate the relationship between price range and allocation quantity, and obtain the optimal price range and allocation strategy so that the advantages of independent allocation are reflected. On the other hand, the disadvantages of independent allocation are reflected in the manipulation in case of no restriction on IPO allocation. To distinguish from the existing literatures, bookbuilding mechanism is introduced to the model. We study the allocation strategy adopted by the underwriter in the pooling equilibrium of manipulation. In addition, we analyze the incentive compatibility conditions to which the existence of pooling equilibrium should satisfy and examine some factors'impact on the existence of manipulation.3. In bookbuilding without independent IPO allocation, Chinese realistic IPO background is considered and the condition of bookbuilding and fixed-price hybrid offering is added. Divide bookbuilding and fixed-price hybrid offering into sequential hybrid and simultaneous hybrid, and point out that the key points of subscription strategy in the two kinds of hybrid are different. Through modeling and simulation we obtain the impact of institutional investors'subscription strategy on bookbuilding without independent IPO allocation, which fill the gap in related research. Moreover, in the part of IPO bookbuilding with over-allotment option, the pricing strategy is divided into hot-IPO strategy and weak-IPO strategy. Take into account the procedure of Chinese IPO with over-allotment option, it presents how the underwriter determines the pricing strategy and what effect it brings to offering price and issue size through modeling and simulation. Therefore, it is instructive as a complement to existing literatures.

此外，对我国A股市场询价发行方式与固定价格发行方式下的IPO锁定期到期时持有收益率、以及我国A股市场与香港市场的询价发行价格区间进行了统计比较，为评价我国IPO市场的询价发行提供了比较全面的依据。2、相比已有文献仅考虑折价和分配中的一种激励措施，本论文在有自主配售权下的机制设计中并用了分配与折价两种激励措施，并且在价格区间的制定中引入发行底价，考察了价格区间与分配量之间的关系，得到最优的价格区间和分配策略，从中体现自主分配权的优点；在有自主分配权下的操纵行为研究中则体现了自主配售权的弊端，与已有文献不同的是，在模型中引入了累计投标询价机制，研究了承销商在混同均衡操纵中采取的分配策略，并对操纵存在的条件进行分析讨论，得出各个因素对混同均衡操纵存在的影响。3、在无自主分配权下的询价发行中，充分考虑了我国实际应用的背景，加入了与固定价格发售混合的条件，并将询价与固定价格混合发行分为序贯与同步两种方式，指出机构投资者在两种情况下申购策略的侧重点各有不同，通过对序贯混合发行方式下的网下累计投标策略以及同步混合发行方式下的资金分配策略的模型建立和数值仿真，考察了机构投资者申购策略对无自主分配权下的询价发行的影响，填补了相关研究文献的空白；在包含超额配售选择权的询价发行中，将发行定价策略分为热销策略和弱销策略，在考虑了我国含超额配售选择权的发行流程下，通过建模以及数值仿真得出承销商会对发行定价策略作出怎样的选取，进而会对新股发行价格、发售数量产生怎样的影响，对目前相关研究的缺乏做出了有益的补充。

Can not be each business nevertheless so prosperous ↓ 3, just arrived of new city I, seek new view everywhere, the station takes camera to overflow in house of bubble steamed bun aimlessly a chaos is patted, do not let off even eaves ↓ 4, in the street alley of lane of whole the Huis, probably only I just can am opposite there is grumous interest ↓ in the take a walk cock hen of roadside 5, going, see the ancient Buddhist templeput on the brakes with one beautiful place and compound, it is one saves in good condition big mosque so this screen wall on ↓ or front door most the look ↓ that attracted me first 6, go in to look, the building distinguishing feature of each place is so attract my ↓ 7, boosting watch for a chance, to any one place in compound Gu Xianggu's lubricious construction details does not let off ↓ 8, also be to see a new world in the compound on the side of main hall ↓ 9, room apical moon, beautiful here is authentic mosque building ↓ 10, go out courtyard, better of a few the Hui nationality people sitting in the sun next prattle,↓ of good envy letting a person 11, this clever animal on mosque gate pier looked a long time, also doing not have differentiate to go out is what animal ↓ 12, come out from the Huis lane, along the town god's temple that the ave went to Xi'an toward westing again on the west, light is a card these upstairs woodcarving had let me admired a head to pat ↓ a long time 12, what main hall of town god's temple saves is not very good, xi'an municipal government also uses contemporary carpentry to come alive without sedulous ground it seems that overhaul, then ability sees audience hall two side this former juice raw ingredient woodcarving gate ↓ 13, the eaves of audience hall also follows pailou same distinctive ↓ 14, the gravelstone lion of two side of pailou looks to also resemble antique ↓ is breathed out, photography homework of the first day is explained end, will stick other again tomorrow...

不过可不是每一家的生意都这么红火↓3、刚到一个陌生城市的我，到处寻找新鲜的景致，站在泡馍馆拿起相机漫无目的地一通乱拍，连房檐都不放过↓4、整个回民坊的街巷里，大概只有我才会对在路边的散步的公鸡母鸡都有着浓厚的爱好↓5、走着走着，就看见一处漂亮的古刹和院落，原来是一间保存完好的大清真寺↓还是正门对面的这个影壁最先吸引住了我的目光↓6、走进往看，每一处的建筑特色都是那么吸引我↓7、捧着相机，对院落里的任何一处古香古色的建筑细节都不放过↓8、正殿旁边的院落里也是别有洞天↓9、房顶上的月亮，标致着此处是正宗的清真寺建筑↓10、出得大院，几位回族长者们正坐在太阳底下闲聊，好让人羡慕↓11、清真寺门墩上的这个灵兽看了半天，也没辨出是什么动物↓12、从回民坊出来，沿着西大街再往西走就到了西安的城隍庙，光是牌楼上的这些木雕就已经让我仰头拍了半天↓12、城隍庙正殿保存的不是很好，西安市政府似乎也没有刻意地用现代木工活来翻修，于是才能看到大殿两侧这原汁原味儿的木雕大门↓13、大殿的房檐也跟牌楼一样有特色的↓14、牌楼两侧的小石狮子看上往也像古董呢↓哈，第一天的摄影作业交代完毕，明天再贴其它的

The study showed the recombinant wt/mCREG protein depressed the VSMC proliferation depending on dose and the optimal concentration was 400nM;2biologic function of CREG protein and the membrance receptor mechanism:①effect on VSMC migration: the wound healing experiment showed the OB2 cells migration was slower significantly after added wt/mCREG(400Nm) in supernatant. The HITASY cells migration were very slowly and no remarkable change. The gelatinase digestion and Western blot analysis showed the matrix metalloproteinase was decreased and TIMPs was increased;②effect on differentiation: after added wt/mCREG(400nM), the expression of myocardin, SMα-actin, MHC and caldesmin were increased and that of LM-1 and FN were decreased in OB2 cells. These effects were more significant when adding wtCREG.;③effect on VSMC proliferation: Cell cycle assay and BrDU stain showed: after added the wtCREG and mCREG protein, the ratio of cell in G0/G1 phase increased to 0.5773 and 0.5572 from 0.5308 respectively in OB2 group, which increased to 0.7369 and 0.7034 respectively from 0.6297 in HITASY group;3Role of M6P/IGF2R in CREG biologic function:①ELISA and co-immunoprecipitation showed the wt/mCREG binding to M6P/IGF2R directly.②antibody blocking test: when the anti-IGF2R was added to medium at the same time with wt/mCREG at different concentration(2μg/mL、4μg/mL、8μg/mL),the effects of CREG protein which depressing proliferation, migration, secretion and promoting differentiation were blocked, which had the positive correlation to the concentration of added anti body. The studies showed two combinant CREG promoted VSMC switch to differentiation phaenotype, at the same time, depress VSMC proliferation, migration and secreting extracellular matrix.

上述实验结果证实：两种重组CREG蛋白对VSMC增殖均有剂量依赖性的抑制作用，并且相同浓度的糖基化的CREG蛋白对细胞增殖的抑制效应更为显著，最佳效应浓度为400nM；2两种重组CREG蛋白添加后对HITASY和OB2细胞生物学行为的影响：①CREG蛋白对VSMC迁移的影响：刮伤实验发现，加入最佳效应浓度的wtCREG和mCREG蛋白24h后，OB2组迁移能力下降，HITASY组无明显变化；细胞外基质金属蛋白酶-2，9(Matrix metallo-proteinase 2，9，MMP2 ，9)明胶酶电泳检测和Western blot检测结果证实，两种CREG蛋白均可以使OB2细胞合成细胞外基质MMP2，9减少，而组织金属蛋白酶抑制物(Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases，TIMPs)增加；②CREG蛋白对VSMC分化的影响：加入400nM的wtCREG和mCREG蛋白12h后，OB2细胞myocardin、SMα-actin、MHC、caldesmin表达增加，LM-1、FN表达减少；③流式细胞仪分析细胞周期和BrDU染色分析证实，加入400nM的wtCREG和mCREG蛋白后，OB2组G0/G1期细胞由0.5308分别增加至0.5773和0.5572，HITASY组G0/G1期细胞由0.6297分别增加至0.7369和0.7034；3M6P/IGF2R在重组CREG蛋白的生物学功能中的调控作用：①免疫共沉淀和免疫荧光双染色分析结果显示，CREG蛋白与M6P/IGF2R存在直接结合；②应用抗体阻断实验：将不同浓度的anti- M6P/IGF2R(2、4、8μg /mL)与两种CREG蛋白同时加入培养液中，CREG蛋白抑制VSMC增值、迁移和合成细胞外基质、促进分化的效应减弱，而且与加入anti- M6P/IGF2R浓度正相关。

The result indicated that, although microorganism from paddy soil could directly reduce Cr, the reduecing rate and efficiency were limited; the higher Cr concentration was, the less reducing ability the microbial showed; the microbe from different paddy soils had different effects on Cr reducing abilities; The reducing ability of the microbe from Sichuan paddy soil was higher than that from Jiangxi paddy soil. Cr added could be rapidly reduced in paddy soil under anaerobic incubation, moreover, the process of dissimilatory iron reduction of soil could obviously promote the Cr reduction. The existent of Cr could delay the appearance of Fe; the higher Cr concentration was, the later Fe appeared. The delayed time of Fe appearance was in accordance with the ending time of Cr reduction.

结果表明，由水稻土中提取的微生物虽然能够直接还原Cr，但其还原速率和还原程度有限，且Cr浓度越高，微生物的还原能力越差；不同来源的上壤微生物对Cr的还原能力有所差异，其中四川水稻土中微生物对Cr的还原能力均大于江西水稻土；在厌氧培养的水稻土中，添加的Cr可以较迅速地还原，其中土壤氧化铁的微生物还原过程对Cr还原具有明显的促进作用；Cr的存在导致Fe生成的时间出现滞后，目Cr浓度越大生成Fe的滞后时间越长；Fe产生滞后的时间与Cr还原结束的时间具有一致性。

Yi Xi Meng-Tsan Chiang suspect but did not see the question should be thought of sneaking away to do tomorrow Cezhao Lian smiled, Li Xing Ji Zhuoche dream she dreamed that took her to a three-tier floor, where the first floor, second floor is male or female prisoners, prisoners, Li Xing Yi Xi into the floor with an office, there was a middle-aged man talking about inviting guests to his signature reimbursement vouchers, followed by his clothes and sheets led to the the middle of the room, easy evening standing on the stairs from time to time someone looked at her quietly saying something, so she was coming and going of people gaze down the stairs out the door and standing in the doorway waiting, I suddenly realized that she had been living in Plum Star on the second floor, he is a people who make mistakes, but she does not know how to do, and has been lingering for a long time There was no reply her, while the days are becoming more and more black, on the road and no street lights in the night she began to Road side of the walk, but forgot to when the direction of, even the car I do not know where the stop sign, she thought that the dark days will be a bus do?

易夕看孟灿怀疑但没在问便想到明天偷偷溜走的事侧着脸微笑着，梦里她梦见李子星骑着车带她去了一个三层楼的地方，一楼是女囚犯二楼是男囚犯，李子星带易夕走进二楼一间办公室，有位中年人让他签字说什么请客报销凭证，之后让他领着衣服被单去中间的屋子，易夕站在楼梯口不时有人看着她悄悄说着什么，于是她在来来往往的人群目光下了楼梯出了门站在门口等待着，忽然她意识到李子星已经住在二楼了，他已经是一个犯错误的人，而她却不知道怎么办，徘徊很久后一直没有人搭理她，而天却变得越来越黑，路上也没有路灯，黑夜中她开始向路一边走去，可是却忘记了来时的方向，连乘车站牌也不知在哪里，她想到这么黑的天会有公车吗？

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。