查询词典 friction

The study found that free-stage has no effect on performance, to be end as soon as possible; the pressure and oil-filling time in oil-filled stage are the key, which directly determines the speediness of the starting; slipping-stage decides the comfort of the starting, and the friction coefficient is important for this stage, synchronous engaging-stage don't product slipping loss, and don't impact the jerk of the vehicle, needing to be finished fast. According to control object and evaluate guidelines, the fuzzy control algorithm is developed and different experiments verify the correction of algorithm.5 With the debug of CVT control software, the experiment is finished in two years which includes test bench experiment, 60℃high temperature test in Tulufan of Sinkiang province, 4647 meters high altitude test at Kunlun mountains, as well as the minimum temperature of -32℃test at Heihe.

根据控制目标及评价指标，开发了湿式离合器接合过程模糊控制算法，各类试验证实了算法的有效性。5湿式离合器的起步试验伴随CVT控制软件的调试，历时二年，经过台架试验，新疆吐鲁番环境温度高达60℃的高温标定试验，昆仑山口海拔高度4647米的高原标定试验，以及黑河最低温度为-32℃严寒标定试验，所取得的研究成果对离合器软件开发和标定流程具有很好的借鉴意义和工程应用价值。6自动变速器起步离合器的标定是软件产品开发的核心技术。

The mainly influence factors of the clutch engagement during starting process had been analyzed thoroughly; a Map control strategy was applied to reduce the starting jerk and the friction work by considering throttle angle, engine speed, idle object speed and input shaft speed.

分析了机械式自动变速器车辆起步时离合器的接合过程。以降低起步冲击度和减小离合器滑摩功为目标，由油门开度、发动机转速、怠速目标转速以及一轴转速等参数提出了起步离合器MAP图控制策略。

Prolong equipment life: standardized control for energy saving units; soft-starting; reduce starting vibrations, friction and oil temperature.

延长整机寿命：节电器控制速度标准稳定，软启动减轻开锁模震动，避免设备撞击，降低油温，延长密封周期，从而延长整机寿命。

EDAX and talysurf. There were four wear regimes for KRF/GCI, during the starting friction period abrasion was dominant, when the process of the formation and break of transfer layers was balanced the main wear mechanisms were adhesion and fatigue, mild melt wear was found at higher temperature. For KRF/MMC, the dominant wear mechanisms were ploughing and microcuting during the running-in, when transfer layer formed, the film-film adhesion at the interface became dominant and mild melt wear occurred also at high temperature.

对于KRF/GCI，在摩擦的起始阶段主要是二体磨粒磨损，当表面转移膜的形成与破坏形成动态平衡时，粘着磨损和疲劳磨损是主要磨损机理，摩擦表面温度较高时，产生严重的粘着磨损和轻微的熔融磨损；而KRF/MMC在跑合过程中，SiCp对较软材料的犁削、微切削是主要摩擦磨损机理，转移膜形成后，表面的膜—膜粘着则为主要摩擦磨损机理，高温下也会发生轻微的熔融。

In the case of planetary formation, the gravitational interactions between the dust in the disk, the mass in the larger aggregates of material, and the sun itself plus the friction of the material, its thermal properties, and the interaction between the magnetic fields from the star and those of the disk material itself plus countless other factors may be vital in order to understand how planets like our own form from the primordial disk of stardust.

在行星形成的研究中，碟状星尘之间重力的互动、较大聚集物的质量、太阳本身与这些物质间的摩擦、物质间本身的摩擦、物质本身的热力性质、太阳磁力场中这些物质的互动及磁力的影响，加上其他的无数因子都可能是了解地球如何从星尘中诞生的关键。

The friction between teeth of light-load precision involute spur gearing mechanism was studied by using of the line-contact isothermal EHL under the condition of the well-lubricating.

运用线接触等温弹流理论详细考察了精密轻载渐开线圆柱直齿轮在润滑良好情况下的齿间摩擦力，研究结果表明良好的润滑会使齿间摩擦对轮齿弯曲疲劳强度的影响显著降低但仍然不可忽视。

Friction stir spot welding technology is also introduced.

对搅拌摩擦点焊技术进行了介绍。

The system can complete plenty of testing program, such as indicator diagram, speed diagram, friction diagram, temperature attenuation diagram, fatigue life testing, single and double actuator testing, whole frequency testing and so on.

该系统可实现汽车减振器的示功试验、速度试验、磨阻试验、温衰试验、疲劳寿命试验、单双动试验和扫频特性试验，技术先进，功能强大。

Idlers use stamped bearing house. Using wide clearance bearing and multi-layer labyrinth seal improves service life, reduces rotation resistance and friction coefficient. Cast welding and keyless connection has been used for pulley, Hydraulic coupling and hard surface cone cylinder gear speed reducer for drive unit, angle type structure for head frame, so these improve starting performance, drive efficiency, load capacity and service life, reduce floor area and weight of equipment.

托辊采用了35°槽型前倾结构，辊子为冲压轴承座结构，大游隙轴承和册层迷宫密封，提高了寿命，降低了旋转阻力和摩擦系数，滚筒采用了铸焊结构和无健联接，驱动单元采用了液力耦合器和硬齿面圆锥圆柱齿轮减速机，头架采用角型结构，从而改善了启动性能，传动效率，承载能力和使用寿命，减少了占地面积和设备重量。

The transformation of the yaw moment under differential brake and the impact of the slip ratio and road surface friction coefficient to the yaw moment were analyzed. The distribution method of the brake force was confirmed. After analyzing the observability of the control system, the state observer was designed, the evaluation of the side slip angle was completed and result of the evaluation wan validated.

本文分析了差动制动时整车横摆力矩的变化情况，研究了滑移率和路面摩擦系数对横摆力矩的影响，确定了制动力的分配原则，进行了控制系统的可观性分析，并设计了状态观测器，完成了质心侧偏角的估算并对此估算结果进行了验证。

The work of this paper is as follows: 1. Looking back the progressing history of the linear motor, introducing the features of the elevator driven by linear induction motor, radicating the topic of this paper "the digital frequency variable control of the elevator bi-side direct driven by linear induction motor". The research of this paper covers the conventional VVVF control, space vector based VVVF control, vector control and DTC.

本文主要开展了以下几个方面的工作： 1 回顾了直线电机发展历史，电机的驱动技术演变，特别是针对直线电机的驱动，简要介绍了直线感应电机驱动电梯的优点和不同结构类型，对传统的v／f控制，基于空间矢量法的v／f控制，矢量控制，和基于电压空间矢量的直接转矩控制进行了比较，确立了本课题的研究主题：直线感应电机双边直推式驱动电梯的全数字变频控制。

The article combines with the treatment of a superficial civil air defense work to introduce how the grouting method to improve the performance of the backfill soil.

文章从治理漂浮人防工事的角度提出了注浆技术在改善回填土性质方面的应用，并详细阐述了注浆技术的施工流程。