查询词典 friction force

The nonlinear Winkler-Kelvin sub-grade model is adopted in this simplified model and the complicated 3-D problems of the soil-single piles dynamic interaction are simplified to the 1-D, that is to say, the lateral nonlinear acting force of the soil to the pile shift is simulated with thehorizontal nonlinear springs which have the continuous uniform distribution, while the nonlinear spring restoring force is described by the deteriorated Bouc-Wen model; the radiation damping and material damping due to the energy dissipation and inner friction in the soil are displayed with the dashpots which are in parallel with the horizontal nonlinear springs.

该模型采用非线性Winkler-Kelvin地基模型，将复杂的地基土-单桩动力相互作用的三维问题，简化为一维问题，即，地基土对桩轴的横向非线性作用力，由随深度均匀分布的水平非线性弹簧模拟，非线性弹簧恢复力由退化的Bouc-Wen模型描述；地基土中由于能量耗散和内部摩擦而产生的幅射阻尼和材料阻尼，由与水平非线性弹簧并联的粘壶表示。

In this method it is assumed that when the rail is bent downward, it will be subjected to the reactive force of elastic support points, and when bent upward, the rail will sustain the reactive force of the fastenings (i.e.the weight of sleepers and the friction between sleepers and ballast).

其中假定钢轨向下挠曲时所受的是支点反力；向上挠曲时所受的是扣件反力(由于轨枕自重和轨枕与道床的摩擦力)，这两种反力按上下方向以不同的非线性关系依赖于钢轨位移。

In the analysis, firstly, the flux boundary condition is used to simulate the frictional heat resource between wheel and rail. The non-steady heat transfer between the contacting surfaces of the wheel/rail, heat-convection and radiation between the wheel/rail and the ambient were all taken into consideration. Therefore, a heat coupling model of the wheel/rail in rolling/sliding is put forward to calculate the frictional temperature rise in the wheel and rail. Secondly, after the temperature distribution of wheel/rail, due to friction, is calculated, substitute the thermal load with equivalent fictitious body force and boundary distributed force loaded on the nodes of the corresponding elements. The wheel-load is applied to the center of the wheel.

首先，用热流边界条件模拟轮轨接触界面的摩擦热源，考虑轮轨间的非稳态热传导、轮轨自由表面与环境的热对流、热辐射的影响，建立轮轨滚动接触热耦合有限元计算模型，分析计算轮轨滚、滑工况下的摩擦温升；其次，以求得的轮轨温度场结果作为求解轮轨应力场的已知条件，轮载以集中力形式直接加载于轮心处，将摩擦温升引起的热载荷等效为假想体力和热边界面力，施加于相应的单元节点上，建立了轮轨热—机械载荷耦合作用的热弹性平面应力模型，分析热—机械载荷作用下的轮轨应力场。

According to the fractional derivative model of viscoelastic damper and force-deformation-slip relation of friction element,a precise finite element model of FVD is constructed,and the method for forming element stiffness matrix and control force vector of FVD is deduced.

针对粘弹性材料的分数导数模型和摩擦单元的力-位移-滑移量的矩阵关系式，建立了FVD精确的有限元模型，推导了FVD单元刚度矩阵和控制力向量计算公式和求解方法；根据钢筋混凝土框架结构的非线性特性，建立了设置FVD非线性钢筋混凝土框架结构地震反应时程分析的控制方法。

The amount of force the clutch can hold depends on the friction between the clutch plate and they flywheel, and how much force the spring puts on the pressure plate.

离合器能传递的力的大小取决于离合器盘和飞轮之间的摩擦系数，以及弹簧对压盘的压紧力的大小。

When the pressure is too big, there is a large cylinder friction, the force goes far beyond blanket back friction lining of?

当不张辛功不小时，滚筒之间有较不小的摩擦辛，该辛远远不及橡皮布背背摩擦辛的功用？

Puts briefly, the braking system has the braking force through the friction filler block clamp revolving brake disc or the lining compaction revolving brake drum, during this process as a result of will rub produces the massive friction heats.

简单地说，制动系统是通过摩擦衬块夹紧旋转的制动盘或摩擦衬片压紧旋转的制动鼓来产生制动力的，在此过程中将由于摩擦而产生大量的摩擦热。

The different friction coefficient between tube and die is one of the important influences in tube hydroforming. Reduce the friction as possible, it can not only benefit to tube forming, but also reduce axial force effectively.

不同的管坯和模具之间的摩擦系数也是影响管坯成形的重要影响因素之一，要尽量减少摩擦，不仅有利于管坯的成形，还能有效地减小轴向力。

The friction plate produces friction damping on the rope wheel under the influences of centrifugal force. The gear speed change helps the rope wheel produce balanced damping torgue when people descend.

利用离心使磨擦块在绳轮上产生磨擦阻尼，通过齿轮变速，使阻尼距与人下降时在绳轮上形成的主力距相平衡，以实现匀速下降，从而保证了被救者的安全。2。

In any type of let-off motion in which the warp sheet passes over a back roller, the tension in the horizontal part of the warp sheet will be greater than that in the warp sheet between the back roller and the beam, because if the back roller rotates, force is required to overcome friction in its bearings, and if the back roller does not rotate, there will be friction at its surface.

任何类型的送经机构，经纱片均绕过后梁，处于水平位置的经纱的张力要比后梁与织轴之间的经纱张力大。这是因为，如果后梁转动，就需要力来克服轴承处的摩擦；如果后梁不转动，在后梁表面会有摩擦。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。