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MVC was first popularized with Smalltalk and is now used in many modern user interface frameworks.

MVC 是由于 Smalltalk 而首先普及并且成为当前比较流行的框架模式的。

This course attempts to focus on three interrelated themes and consist of the following modules: Foreign and social policy frameworks in Europe after EU enl...

本课程试图集中于三个相互关联的主题和以下模块组成：欧盟扩大后在欧洲的外交和社会政策框架；在俄罗斯外交和安全政策的模式，2000年以后；北约东扩和安全政策框架过渡。

The following main results are obtained: The TiO_2 photocatalyst with small crystallite size, high surface area, narrow and uniform pore size distribution, and microporous frameworks could be prepared out by applying MW radiation in the preparation process. The microwave-induced fluorescence technique verified for the first time that microwave enhanced the formation rate of hydroxyl radical, leading to the increase in the photocatalytic efficiency. Compared with the conventional catalyst, TiO_2 prepared by MW dielectric heating owns a higher UV absorption ability, and its optical absorption edge and photovoltaic response are shifted toward the short wavelength region, resulting in increase of photooxidation efficiency. The photocatalytic conversion and the mineralization ratio of acetaldehyde are increased respectively by 30% and 40% over the TiO2 prepared by MW radiation when compared to the TiO2 prepared by the conventional heating. For the MW-assisted photocatalytic reaction over the MW-prepared TiO2, production of hydroxyl radicals is enhanced by 22.5%, and the photocatalytic conversion is accordingly increased by 20%. Similarlly, applying MW also increased the photocatalytic conversion and the mineralization ratio of acetaldehyde over TiO2/Al2O3 sample.

论文得到如下主要结果和结论：(1)微波介电加热TiO_2 溶胶可得到晶粒度小、光催化活性高、比表面积大和孔径分布窄而均一，且微孔发达的TiO_2光催化剂；在溶胶干燥处理过程中微波可使催化剂表面缺陷增加，进而导致光催化反应过程有更多的活性羟基自由基产生；(2)微波制备能显著增强TiO_2 样品的紫外光吸收率，并使其光吸收和光伏响应阈值发生蓝移，从而提高TiO_2的氧化还原能力；(3)与常规加热法所制TiO_2比较，微波法制备的TiO_2对乙醛的光催化降解转化率提高30%，CO_2生成率提高40%以上；(4)与未加微波辐射时相比，发现在光催化反应过程中施加微波，TiO_2 的羟基自由基生成速率提高了22.5%，相应CH_3CHO 光催化降解转化率提高了20%；对Al_2O_3/TiO_2催化剂，CH_3CHO 光催化降解转化率甚至提高了33%，同时CO_2 的生成率也都大幅度提高；(5)微波辐射可改变光催化降解乙醛的产物分布，推断施加微波时乙醛光催化降解按照羟基自由基引发的链式反应机理进行，微波&非热效应&起主要作用。

Many of these contributed frameworks (CSRF, the auth system, etc.) do their magic by providing a piece of middleware .

这些继承框架（CSRF、身份验证系统等等）通过提供中间件来实现其奇妙的功能。

In his influential publication on regulatory frameworks, de Soto noted that it took 159 bureaucratic steps to legalize informal settlements in Lima , and that this took, on average, 20 years.

de Soto 在他那本著名的关于可调整的制度框架的书中，他提出在秘鲁首都利马需要159个行政程序来完成非法居住点的合法化，这平均需要20年（5）。

Unfortunately, these often tend to be combined, in that high standards impose higher costs, and complex bureaucratic procedures impose delays that require informal payments to facilitate progress. In his influential publication on regulatory frameworks, de Soto noted that it took 159 bureaucratic steps to legalize informal settlements in Lima, and that this took, on average, 20 years.

不幸的是，这些因素往往是相辅相成的，高标准就以为着更高的成本，复杂的行政程序会延误而不得不要支付额外的费用来疏通。de Soto在他那本著名的关于可调整的制度框架的书中，他提出在秘鲁首都利马需要159个行政程序来完成非法居住点的合法化，这平均需要20年（5）。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。