查询词典 forward difference

Under the instruction of the above-described law, the thesis puts forward several new proposals for the practice of psychologys integration: establishing the unified instruction of materialist dialectics as a theoretical basis of methodology in psychology, in which the concrete positive and humanistic researching means can co-exist peacefully; building an integrated viewpoint of science, in which there might be various psychological researches and an integration in psychology with difference can be attained.

文章在最后以心理学发展规律为指导，为心理学统一工作的实践提出了一些新思路：在方法论上接受唯物辩证法的统一指导，允许实证和人文等多种具体研究方法的"和平"共处；建立统一的科学观，在统一的规范下可以存在不同的心理学探索，实现心理学有差别的统一。

This article adopts the index and case analytic approach, comparing performance of listed companies of Xiamen, analyzing the inherent factor and managerial reason of the performance difference of listed companies, and puts forward the countermeasure and suggestion of the problem.

本文采用指标和案例分析法，对厦门上市公司绩效进行比较，分析上市公司绩效差异的内在因素和经营原因，并提出解决问题的对策与建议。

With respect to syntax, the roles of tagmeme in the structure of word and sentence and Chomsky's Generative-Transformational Grammar are discussed. The spatial relation theory and existing research achievements are investigated. Having noticed the shortage of the capability of topological and metrical relation in the description of spatial information structure, the author proposes Combinational Qualitative Geometry based on the two invariables under ordinary transformations, distance ratio and direction difference, the CQG-based spatial relation system between topological and metrical constraint is thus constructed, on which several spatial relations such as parallel, perpendicularity, co-linearity, sequence and direct neighborhood are derived. Based on extended theory of spatial relation, the language anamorphosis is analyzed from the aspects of phonetics, semantics and syntax. The mere geometric and formalized spatial relation is then integrated with concrete geographic ontology to accommodate richer and indicative spatial configuration of spatial information in the different geographic context. Finally a syntax framework for spatial information is put forward.

在语法结构方面，首先阐述了法位和法素在语法结构词法和句法中的地位和作用，以及Chomsky生成转换语法的核心内容；详细介绍了地理信息系统空间关系理论及现有的研究成果；在分析现有的拓扑关系和量度关系对空间信息结构描述能力不足的基础上，提出了基于长度比和角度差两个不变量的组合定性几何，以此建立了介于拓扑及量度约束之间的组合定性关系体系，并以此为基础派生出平行、垂直、共线、次序、直接邻近等空间关系描述；本文基于扩展的空间关系理论，详细讨论了空间关系在语音、语法和语义三个方面的语言变体，将纯几何和纯形式化的空间关系与具体的地理本体结合起来，可以获得更为丰富的、更能反映空间关系在不同语言上下文中具体体现的组合关系；最后给出了一个空间信息的语法结构的基本框架。

The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面：(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型，并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题，如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题，为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础；(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布，并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律；(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标，首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念：即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV；基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV；基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV；以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV，并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法，还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算；(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果，研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象，并探讨了热分层的基本规律，首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式；(5)在暖通空调领域，首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备，完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验，并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比，说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

The result shows that the mixed boundary condition can greatly reduce the calculation area without affecting accuracy of the solution.It is followed by the higher accuracy of Dirichlet boundary condition which makes the boundary error greater when measured points is near the boundary, so we must take a sufficiently large border region.The homogeneous boundary condition has relatively large error, but the use of non-triangle poles devices makes apparent resistivity calculation error become small, because of elimination of the effect on potential difference for the infinite boundary. In inversion, in order to save computing time, homogeneous boundary conditions are often used to perform finite element forward calculation.

结果表明，混合边界条件精度最高，可大大缩小求解区域而不影响计算精度，其次是Dirichlet边界条件精度较高，但测点越靠边界误差会越大，必须取足够大的边界区域，齐次边界条件的误差比较大，但如果采用非二极装置，通过电位差计算得到的视电阻率，由于无穷远边界对电位差的影响基本消除，视电阻率计算误差与混合边界条件下的接近，在反演中，为了节省计算时间，经常使用齐次边界条件进行有限元正演。

This choice incorrectly divided the difference between expected spot and forward by the forward rate rather than the spot rate.

这个选择正确划分预期之间的即期和远期的区别在远期汇率，而不是即期汇率。

The results show that the microstructure of ventra1 scale for python was composed of micro-convex and plank structure that was periodically arranged, it was mensurable and could be described by 9 characteristic parameters. Its surface was different in their forward and backward lean angle. The frictional coefficient of the ventra1 scale had closely relationship with moving direction, it decreased with the increasing load. The value of the frictional coefficient was about 0.07. The frictional coefficient while python moved backward and laterally were equal, and that was 33% more than that moved ahead. The frictional force of the ventra1 scale surface was caused by mechanical tooth function of micro-convex, acting intermolecular force and material's elastic hysteresis. The difference of forward and behind bevel for micro-convex was the anisotropy reason of frictional force.

结果表明：腹鳞表面的微观结构由指状微突体和板结构部分周期排列而成，其结构可用9个特征参数定量描述；腹鳞表面摩擦力由分子作用力、表面微突体的犁沟力、楔形作用力以及材料弹性滞后共同引起；腹鳞表面的摩擦系数在0.07左右并与运动方向有关，摩擦系数随载荷增加而减小；后向运动及左、右侧向运动时摩擦系数基本相等，比前向运动时高33%左右；腹鳞表面微突体不同方向上倾斜角度的差异是引起摩擦各向异性的主要原因。

Furthermore, how to apply the model efficiently in practice is deeply discussed. As the variance produced by the forecasting model as concerned, the real-time revised method of hydrological forecasting is highlighted. Next arranged, the multi-stratum recursive prediction model is put forward to forecast the error series that is a dynamic system. Later, an error selfregressive multi-stratum recursive prediction model is set up as well as a current algorithm offered. Finally, the difference collated model and the gloss control method, which are devoted to updating the mid-long term hydrological forecasting during the meditate period, are put forward.

在综合评述中长期水文预报现有方法和模型的基础上，采用时间序列分析方法，建立中长期水文预报的时间序列组合模型，并对模型如何在实际中有效应用作了较为深入的探讨；针对模型预报所产生的误差，又重点研究了水文预报实时修正方法：提出了采用多层递阶预报方法对误差序列这一动态系统进行预报，建立了误差自回归多层递阶预报模型，并提出了较为通用的解算方法；给出了水文中长期预报中期修正的残差相关模型和总量控制方法。

In the chapter 5, we make our experiments in the process of Record libratory management system , one part of the whole zheJiang TV Statation MIS. We do requirement analysis and extract the business rule information, and then apply MIS-AD system to construct the Model Information Library. Meanwhile, we put forward that how to develop the program in client side. Finally, we compare our system with the traditional system and bring forward the difference between them.

本文第五章对浙江省电视台综合信息处理系统中磁带库管理子系统的业务流程进行需求分析，并抽取业务规则信息，使用MIS-AD系统建立它的模型信息库；同时指出在系统实际开发过程中，如何基于MIS-AD来开发客户端程序；最后我们对比了基于MIS-AD开发的系统和传统的MIS系统的之间的差异。

The second part describes the phonology of Sumitang Qidouhua including its consonants, vowels and tone, analyzes the rules of Wen and Bai, the difference between the old and the middle age, and offers the syllabary.The third part explores the close relationship between Sumitang Qidouhua and Songbai Tuhua by comparing the two kinds of Tuhua with Chengguan Tuhua in Jiangyong county, and puts forward a conclusion that the three kinds of Tuhua maybe come from the same origin although some difference exist among them. The comparison of the three kinds of Tuhua with the neighboring dialects testifies the above opinion. The forth part is the surplus of the paper.

第二部分：江华粟米塘七都话的语音系统这一部分全面分析了粟米塘七都话的声韵调及其语音特点、文白异读规律和老壮差异的例子，记录并整理了同音字表第三部分：江华粟米塘七都话与周边土话的比较这一部分首先将粟米塘七都话与江永松柏土话、城关土话进行了声韵调的全面比较，揭示了粟米塘七都话和松柏土话的密切联系，并推论这三种土话尽管存在各类差异，但应该有着相同的来源；然后再将这三种土话与周边土话进行比较，论证了上述观点。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。