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The boundary contour formulations of evaluatingstresses from the Somigliana stress identity are derived for 2-D problemswith quadratic boundary elements.The boundary contour method basedon the traction boundary integral equation is further discussed.Elasticproblems are first solved using the traction boundary contour method.Amixed collocation of the displacement boundary contour formulation andtraction boundary contour formulation is given.(4)The dual boundarycontour method is developed for the analysis of crack problems.

3建出了Somigliana应力积分式的二维和三维问题的边界轮廓法理论；给立了二维问题由Somigliana应力积分式计算应力的二次形函数的边界轮廓法方程，进而给出了基于面力边界积分方程的边界轮廓法；提出了一种以位移边界轮廓法方程与面力边界轮廓法方程混合配置的方案，首次实现了用两种积分方程相结合来求解弹性力学问题。

Results and conclusion: the mathematics mechanism theory of Nervous system about their basic data and interconnection may be expressed by the neural information encoding formulation: x1=m1a/b and y1=n1c/d、x2=m2b/a and y2=n2d/c The neural information encoding formulation have novenary and undecimal and many other scales. All Periphery Nervous- Cerebral Cortex- Sympathetic Nervous have obvious and invisible encoding data in 2 kinds: yin and yang ,2kinds:ambulatory and static state, 3 grades: Max Med and Min. they all exist in obvious or invisible type. Just like a cogwheel system and there is a inter-meory function among the data.

结果与结论：神经系统基本数据及其相互关系的数学机制可用神经信息编码计算公式：x1=m1a/b与y1=n1c/d、x2= m2b/a与y2=n2d/c表达；神经信息编码计算有9与11等多种进位制；周围神经-大脑皮质-交感神经皆以隐性或显性型式存在阴阳两种静动两类大中小三级编组数据，犹如齿轮系统，数据之间起着互记功能；45对周围神经-54对大脑皮质分区-15对交感神经、脊神经前根与后根神经小束数之比3/5等神经系统基本数据皆是由数学计算机制决定形成。

The unique class unit which makes up the deployable structures,'scissor-like element',is treated as a macro element.Formulation for duplet stiffness is derived.And the linear elastic response is investigated numerically using this formulation.Owing to the introduction of a novel type of macro element,the number of degrees of freedom is reduced,and the solution efficiency is increased.

将可展结构的特有单元——剪式单元作为一个宏单元来考虑，推导了宏单元的刚度矩阵，并用于可展结构线弹性响应的数值分析，减少了总体自由度，提高了算法效率。

An alternative formulation of quantum mechanics is Feynman's path integral formulation, in which a quantum-mechanical amplitude is considered as a sum over histories between initial and final states; this is the quantum-mechanical counterpart of action principles in classical mechanics.

一个量子力学的代用公式是费曼路径积分公式，在其中量子力学振幅被认为是超过最初与最后态历史的总和；这就是在经典力学里量子力学作用原理的相似物。

The mathematical programming formulation and related solution procedure are established by the traditional BEM. Through the discretization of space and time, the elastoplastic stress simulation method and reduce-basis technique are adopted to construct the self-equilibrium stress field. The numbers of variables and constraint equations in the resulting mathematical programming formulation are reduced greatly and then the dimension obstacle of computation in 3-D limit and shakedown analysis is overcome.

采用常规边界元方法建立了三维结构极限与安定分析的数学规划格式，通过对时间和空间的离散化，并采用弹塑性模拟法构造自平衡应力场和引入减缩基技术，大大减少了所形成的数学规划格式中的未知变量和约束方程的数目，有效地克服了三维结构极限与安定分析中的维数障碍问题。

Using the length of cells' growth cycle,the density of cells and the activity of induced hydrogenase as criteria,the optimal formulation of culture medium was obtained as seTA(se -Tris Acet) which contains acetic acid as C source,higher concentration of N and stronger pH buffer system based on the se formulation.

结果发现，培养基的pH和氮素的含量是影响莱茵衣藻生长的重要因素；而培养基中醋酸根的含量则有助于提高厌氧产氢过程中衣藻的氢酶活性，从而提高其产氢量。

In addition, three special measures are introduced to guarantee the precision of solution, which are the pressure correction formulation to meet the impressible condition, the velocity correction formulation to avoid the error accumulation and a stability term addition to eliminate the velocity oscillation.

另外，本文还三种措施来提高晃动问题的精度，即通过压力修正来精确满足不可压条件、通过速度修正精确跟踪液面和通过引入稳定项避免解的振荡。

This invention is directed to a stable liquid pharmaceutical formulation comprising a high concentration, e.g. 50 mg/ml or more, of antibody in about 20-60 mM succinate buffer or 30-70 mM histidine buffer, having pH from about pH 5.5 to about pH 6.5, about 0.01-0.1% polysorbate, and a tonicity modifier that contributes to the isotonicity of the formulation.

本发明涉及一种稳定的液体药物制剂，该制剂含有：pH约5.5-6.5的约20-60mM的琥珀酸缓冲液，或30-70mM的组氨酸缓冲液；约0.01％-0.1％的聚山梨酯；和能增强该制剂等渗性的渗透修饰剂，以及高浓度如50mg/ml或以上的抗体。

At last,introducing"coupling matrix library"and utilizing Jourdain'svelocity principle and forward recursive formulation method,the theoryestablished in chapter two and three is successfully extended to couplingdynamical formulation modeling of complex flexible multibody system.

最后，在第二、三章的理论基础上，本文引入"耦合矩阵库"的概念，利用Jourdain速度变分原理和单向递推建模方法，成功地将该理论推广到了复杂柔性多体系统刚-柔耦合动力学程式化建模。

By using standard ideas from Lie groups and Lie algebra, the recursive formulation and the Lagrangian formulation were presented.

采用李群和李代数的方法来描述牛顿—欧拉方程和拉格朗日方程，得到机器人动力学在关节空间和操作空间内单个连杆的递推公式以及整个系统动力学方程的矩阵表达式。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。