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From combining internal force calculation with design detailing, some calculation simplifications and hypotheses are first presented, then a calculation method and corresponding formulas of internal forces for elliptical spiral stairs are derived.

采取计算与构造相结合的方法，进行必要的计算简化和假定，在椭圆形旋转楼梯的内力计算时，把固定坐标变换成动点坐标，推导相应的计算公式。

Research on parameters of mechanical model for high speed railway truck is performed and the calculated formulas and the value ranges corresponding to these parameters are given in this paper.

对高速铁路轨道结构力学模型中的参数进行了研究，给出了各参数计算公式和取值范围。

Comparative tests of black color passivation of zinc coating based on reference formulas published in literature including copper salt method, silver salt method and method of mixture of copper salt and silver salt were conducted.

根据已发表的镀锌层黑色钝化的铜盐法、银盐法及铜银结合法等类型的黑色钝化的参考配方进行了对比试验，并就其中较为理想的钝化配方的成分含量及其作用、操作条件的影响做了细致的分析，并对钝化液配制时的注意事项予以说明。

Ten typical formulas and some kinds of additives used for cyanide-free silver plating were introduced.

综述了十种典型的无氰镀银工艺配方和无氰镀银所采用的添加剂类型。

By analyzing the case linearly-polarized beacon signal and elliptically-polarized radar antenna, the related formulas and curves are given.

通过对线极化目标信号和椭圆极化雷达天线匹配情况的分析和计算，获得了有关的公式和曲线。

According to the series -wound and shunt-wound principle of composite material and equivalent deformation,the calculation formulas for determining the viscoelastic parameters of the effect zones for RCC dam are derived.

根据复合材料力学的串并联理论和变形等效原理，推导了碾压混凝土坝层面影响带粘弹性参数的计算公式，并结合大坝整体粘弹性参数的反演以及相关的试验成果，提出了层面影响带的粘弹性参数的求解方法。

The applicability of calculation formulas of interface shearing force needs experiment to test and verify in the future.

连接体刚度与钢板厚度是影响冷弯U型钢与混凝土组合梁界面剪力的重要因素，界面剪力理论计算公式适用性需要试验进一步验证。

According to the basic principle of self-balanced pile test method and the conversional simplified conversion method, the pile bearing capacity between the equivalent loaded piles and self-balanced piles were compared. The influence of negative skin friction on self-balanced pile test was studied. The conversion formulas of pile bearing capacity and settlement were derived.

根据自平衡测试法的基本原理，在传统简化转换法的基础上，通过等效受压桩和自平衡试桩上下桩段受力情况的对比分析，研究了负摩阻力对自平衡测试原理的影响，推得了桩承载力和位移的转换公式。

By applying the system reliability and ergonomics theory, the reliability mod el of the man-machine-environment system of roadway sub-level caving in steep seam is set up, and the calculation formulas for the usability and pro duction capacity of the system are also provided.

文摘：应用系统可靠性和人-机工程学理论，建立了急倾斜煤层巷道放顶煤人-机-环境系统可靠性模型，给出了系统可用度和生产能力的计算公式。

By applying the system reliability and ergonomics theory, the reliability mod el of the man-machine-environment system of roadway sub-level caving in steep seam is set up, and the calculation formulas for the usability and pro duction capacity o

文摘：应用系统可靠性和人-机工程学理论，建立了急倾斜煤层巷道放顶煤人-机-环境系统可靠性模型，给出了系统可用度和生产能力的计算公式。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。