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So the calculational results of the formulas are emanative. Avoiding to use the empirical coelfficients are in the analytic process and based on the stress-strain relation between core concrete and steel tube the ultimate bearing capacity and the deformation characteristic of the steel-encased reinforced concrete columns are investigated in this paper. Then the reasonable stress-strain model is given for the further work of the damage analysis of steel-encased concrete and aseismatic ductility.

本文在分析过程中尽可能的避开经验公式，从核心混凝土与钢管的应力-应变关系入手，通过应力协调与应变相容的条件对配有圆钢管的钢骨混凝土构件的极限承载能力与变形性能进行研究，提出合理的应力-应变关系模型，为进一步的钢管混凝土结构损伤、抗震延性分析做好准备工作。

In this paper, several traditional models for computing are introduced at first. Conferring probability theory, the load boundary condition of that collector is analyzed, the characteristic values of Tubesheet in different design reference periods are computed. Based on homogenization method, after lots of numerical experiments, the mechanical characteristic of Tubesheet controlled different structure parameters is studied, and an empiristic formulas that could simplify Tubesheet to stiffen plate is gained. Then, G-M method is employed and Tubesheet is simplified to a normal plate.

本文在总结传统计算方法的基础上，参考概率设计方法，分析了大型袋式除尘器的荷载边界条件，计算了不同设计基准期下的花板可变荷载标准值，结合均匀化方法，通过大量数值实验，得出了不同参数对花板受力性能的影响规律，并拟合了将花板简化为加劲板的经验公式，再参考正交异性板法，最终推导了花板简化为均匀平板的经验公式。

At last, the paper introduces the basic components, layout, loading and unloading process flow of Tian Jin Container Terminals, evaluates the related performance parameters and at last introduces some related empiristic formulas based on the historical data of an actual terminal.According to the idea of the finished eM-Plant hiberarchy and dynamic model and the process characteristics and simulation aims of Container Terminals, the paper introduce the characteristics and modelling process of discrete event;At the specification of eM-Plant ,the paper show the modelling unit and programming function of eM-Plant detailedly .

根据天津港集装箱码头物流系统的层次模型和动态模型的思路，以天津港码头的数据为原型，根据天津港集装箱码头生产作业的特点与仿真目标的要求，介绍了离散事件系统的特点和对离散系统仿真的步骤，在eM-Plant的主要特点说明中，详细介绍了eM-Plant的建模单元和其编程功能，针对本模型的特点，说明了模型的结构和仿真目标，在保持模型主要特点和功能的前提下对模型进行了必要的抽象和简化，然后借助现代离散事件动态系统仿真语言eM-PIant，建立了集装箱码头物流系统的计算机仿真模型，并利用码头的实际营运数据验证了仿真模型的可靠性。

At the beginning of the paper, a literature review on the domestic and abroad researches of Container Terminal logistics system is provided introducing some computer simulating model technology apply case on Container Terminal logistics system on the domestic and abroad; secondly this article introduce the element and characteristics of Container Terminal operation system ,specially operation flow , controlling principle (including gate testing principle, ship controlling principle , quay operating principle , yard I/O operating principle , yard running system),followed by quality evaluating index and empiristic formulas of Container Terminal .

本文首先回顾了国内外集装箱码头物流系统的研究动态，介绍了国内外计算机仿真技术在集装箱码头物流系统仿真中的应用情况，然后介绍了集装箱码头作业系统的组成和特点，以及其装卸工艺、作业流程、操作原则(包括大门检查箱作业原则、船舶调度管理原则、码头前沿操作原则、堆场存取箱作业管理原则、堆场管理系统)，接着介绍集装箱码头系统的性能评价指标和码头通过能力经验公式及出入口车道数计算，并结合天津港集装箱码头物流系统的特点，系统地介绍了天津港集装箱码头的基本组成、布局、装卸工艺、作业流程后，评估了集装箱码头物流系统的相关性能指标，并结合实际码头的历史数据，介绍一些相关的经验公式。

In this paper the mathematical models and methods for GPS single-point positioning are studied systematically on the theory.All kinds of error correction formulas are studied,such as ironsphere correction,troposphere correction,relativistic effect correction,earth rotation correction ,earth tides correction ,satellites antenna phase center offset correction. GPS single-point positioning programs is coded with pseudoranges and broadcast ephemerides,phases and broadcast ephemerides,and phases and precise ephemerides.And a great amount of computation has been done using the data collected .The results are computed with the 24 hour pseudoranges observation data before and after the canceling of the SA.

本文从理论上系统地研究了GPS单点定位的数学模型和方法，研究了各项误差改正公式，例如电离层改正、对流层改正、相对论周期部分改正、地球旋转改正、地球固体潮改正、卫星天线相位中心偏差改正；编写了伪距与广播星历、相位和广播星历及相位和精密星历的定位程序，并使用有关数据进行了大量的计算工作。

The reestablish and error estimation formulas of the non-noise signal under the finitive scale condition is given for the basic filtering operation of high pass, low pass, and band pass respectively. The signal Wavelet analysis softwave developed, which is of some common use, and is served as the basis of the research following it, is also introduced here.

第二章首先建立了突变信号的数学模型；导出了对突变信号进行连续小波分析的尺度截取准则；分别针对突变信号进行高通、低通和带通三种基本滤波操作的情况，给出了在有限尺度分析情况下的非噪部分信号的重建估计和误差估计公式；并介绍了所开发的作为后续工作的基本分析工具、具有一定通用性的信号小波分析软件。

Also, there is no formula can be used to calculate errors of these parameters.Based on above reasons, the purposes of the research are to build a reliable geochronological framework of Paleozoic granitoid in study area, to distinguish their genetic types and tectonic settings, and to analyses their orogenic response; to derive a set of formulas for calculating errors of the paramers mentioned above; to ascertain if North Qaidam belongs to North China Block or Yangtze Block.

基于上述存在的问题，本项研究的目的是：建立研究区古生代花岗岩类精确的年代学格架，判别其成因类型和构造环境，分析其造山响应：推演出一套适用于Sr、Nd同位素初始比值和Nd同位素模式年龄等重要示踪参数误差计算的公式；确定柴北缘地区大地构造属性(华北板块还是扬子板块？)。

The theoretical formulas for both a Hingeless and the Dolphin-2 Helicopter in maneuvering flight are derived in detail. Also analytical methods and calculating programs are developed.

全面推导了无铰旋翼直升机以及海豚型直升机的机动飞行计算公式，并建立了这两种类型直升机的机动飞行运动学和机动飞行动力学的理论分析方法和计算程序软件。

Strontium-doped solid solution of hollandite was successfully prepared using strontium carbonate (SrCO3), barium carbonate (BaCO3), alumina (Al2O3), and titanium oxide (TiO2) as raw materials by designing formulas and high temperature solid phase reaction.

以碳酸锶(SrCO3)、碳酸钡(BaCO3)、氧化铝(Al2O3)和二氧化钛(TiO2)为原料，通过配方设计，用高温固相反应合成掺锶碱硬锰矿固溶体。

Fuzzy hypervolume niche was proposed to overcome the limitation of Hutchinson\'s niche concept and the formulas to measure two important indexes—niche width and niche overlap which can be easily applied in practice.

为克服Hutchinson的生态位定义的局限提出了模糊超体积生态位，以及度量生态位的两个重要指标——生态位宽度和生态位重叠，新公式便于应用。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。