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The film formed during the first stage was differe nt from that formed either in phosphoric acid or sodium tungstate electrolyte.

第一阶段形成的氧化膜与在单独的磷酸或钨酸钠体系中形成的氧化膜有所不同。

The geology research of carbonate reservoirs in Ordovician of Tahe oilfield showed that many large dissolved vugs and fractures were developed. The spread of the reservoir take on a very heterogeneous state. And the typical fractured-vuggy reservoirs was formed. According to the combination of the various spaces, the formation was divided into vuggy formation, fractured-vuggy formation and fractured formation. The research showed that development of the vug is relevant to the its position on the structure, the fractures, the water surface and the weathering surface. Multi-phase charge and recharge of the oil in the reservoirs resulted in the complexity of the fluid distribution. So the"Bottle Model"was brought forward to explain the movement of the water-oil contact. The special storage space and the complex fluid distribution lead to the unstability of the production and the complexity of the water cut. In order to explain the characteristic of the fracture-vug unit was brought forward and the basic principle and method of the partition of the fracture-vug unit was formed. The classification and evaluation of the units were performed according the reserve and energy. Based on the research of geology characteristic and the fluid flow in the reservoir the comprehensive numerical simulation plan of the fractured-vuggy reservoirs were established. Through the selection of the simulation unit, fluid flow type and parameter equivalent the triple media reservoir simulation model was established. Considering the practical application the model was resolved by the DKR decomposition conjugate grads method. Based on the fine reservoir description of Dsitrict IV of the Tahe oilfield the various space type were classified and combined together. The geology model of Unit S48 was constructed. Two typical single well model was established according to the geology and the dynamic phenomena. Finally the single well model and the Unit S48 were simulated by the triple media reservoir simulator. Via the local grid refinement and coarsening in the simulation good matchs were gained. Based on the results of the simulation the reserve distribution, percent of reserve produced in various space and the natural energy were analyzed. The fluid was storaged in the fractures and vugs mostly and more than 90% the produced oil came from the systems. The energy belonged to the active one. The results of simulation accorded with the fact and showed the validity and practicability the research and the simulator.

塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏的地质研究表明，其储层中发育着很多大型的溶蚀洞、缝，储层的平面展布呈现出极度的非均质性，形成了典型的缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏，根据各种孔隙介质在储层中的组合，将储层分为了溶洞型、裂缝-溶洞型和裂缝型三类；研究表明溶洞储层的发育和构造位置、裂缝的发育、潜水面和风化面的位置等因素有关；多期充注的油气成藏模式导致了流体复杂的赋存状态，由此提出了所谓的"瓶子模型"，解释生产过程中油水界面的变化；特殊的储集空间类型和流体分布特征导致油田在开发过程中表现出很大的不确定性和含水变化的复杂性，为了合理的解释油气田开发过程中的动态特征，提出了"缝洞单元"的概念，并制定了"缝洞单元"纵横向划分的基本原则和依据及划分方法，并对"缝洞单元"进行了分类和评价；基于地质特征和流体在其中流动规律的研究，提出了缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的数值模拟综合解决方案，通过模拟单元的选择、流动类型和参数的等效，建立了三重介质油藏三维三相数值模拟模型，采用不完全LU分解预处理共轭梯度法进行了求解；在塔河油田4区精细油藏描述的基础上，将各种类型的孔隙空间进行了归类组合，建立了S48单元的地质模型；通过对油井生产动态进行分析研究，建立了两类和油井地质、生产动态相对应的单井模型；最后应用三重介质油藏数值模拟软件对单井模型和S48单元进行了数值模拟，通过局部加密和粗化等技术模拟流体流动规律，取得了很好的拟合效果；结合数值模拟结果，分析了各种介质中的储量分布、储量产出的百分比以及地层的能量，认为塔河油田缝洞型油藏中流体绝大多数储集于缝洞系统之中，所产出流体90%以上也来自于缝洞系统，其底水能量属于较充足的类型；模拟结果和油田实际情况符合较好，说明了地质研究和油藏数值模拟研究的正确性。

Based on the evolutionary history and drilling well data of the subbasin, this paper discusses the mechanism and time of formation of this transverse accommodation zone and proposes that the first-order accommodation zone formed in a stage of strong extension of the subbasin, while the second-order accommodation zone formed in a stage of weak extension of the subbasin.

通过凹陷演化史以及钻井资料分析，探讨横向调节带形成机制和形成时期，提出Ⅰ级调节带形成于凹陷强烈伸展期，Ⅱ级调节带形成于凹陷弱伸展时期。

In cases where a third planet lies at the midpoint of the first two we just considered, a "planetary picture" is formed. On page 54 of the German anthology "Man: A Receiving Station of Cosmic Influences", Alfred Witte wrote: A planetary picture is formed by three planets when one of them is located at the midpoint of the other two.

在一些例子里面，当第三颗行星正好落在两颗行星的中点上时，我们认为行星的图像已经形成了，在德国人的占星学书籍里面写到"人：宇宙影响力的接收站"怀特写到当一颗行星落在另外两颗行星的中点上时，三颗行星形成了一个行星图像。

The pot shaped peak is formed along the joints and fissures with the weathering and eroding of Adamellite formed 2.4billion years ago.

24亿年左右形成的古元古代二长花岗岩，沿节理裂隙风化剥蚀后形成的壶状山峰。

The corrosion product films formed under abiotic conditions were more adherently to the surface of the metal than those formed in biogenic media.

在非生物环境中生成的腐蚀产物膜比在生物环境中生成的膜更加紧密地黏附于金属的表面。

The circulation of volcanic hot spring formed the alteration zone which, together with atmospheric water and subvolcanic hydrothermal solution, formed micro-crystalline quartz that contained adular and sericite.

火山热泉循环形成蚀变晕，此阶段有大气降水的参与；潜火山热液成矿阶段发育的低温微细石英网脉中含冰长石和绢云母。

Using the latest paleontological, magnetostratigraphic and chronological data and the lasting time of the high-resolution sequences, the authors have made a detailed chronostratigraphic division of the Jixi Group and determined the Jixi Group formed in the Early Cretaceous early Valaginian to middle Albian. In the group, the Didao Formation formed at 130.9±128.3 Ma, the Chengzihe Formation at 125.1±116 Ma, the Muling Formation at 116±106.9 Ma, and the Dongshan Formation at 106.9±101.7 Ma.

提要：利用最新的古生物、磁性地层年代资料及高分辨率层序延续时间推算，对鸡西群进行了精细的年代地层划分，确定了鸡西群形成时间为早白垩世凡兰吟早期—阿尔布中期，其中滴道组形成时间为130.9～128.3 Ma，城子河组形成时间为125.1～116 Ma，穆棱组形成时间为116～106.9 Ma，东山组形成时间为106.9～101.7 Ma。

The model holds that the Aqike anticline was formed by both fault-propagation fold process and fault-bend fold process. It is a fault-anticline structure formed by three stages and composed vertically of three parts, i.e., autoch-thonous system, para-autochthonous system, and allochthonous thrust block.

结合地震解释剖面、区域构造背景及前人研究成果，建立了阿其克背斜形成过程的地质模型，认为它是在断层传播褶皱和断层转折褶皱共同作用下，以断层传播作用为主分3个阶段形成的断坡背斜构造，垂向上自下而上分原地系统、准原地系统和外来系统中的推覆体3个构造层次。

The results show that the samples exposed to the air previously for 24 h can be passivated automatically in acetic acid solution with Cl- with the corrosion potential remaining 100mV.No such phenomenon was observed for samples which were cathodically polarized with the corrosion potential stabilizing at a value of -242±3mv. The passive film formed by anodically polarizing is more proof than formed in the air.

研究还发现：在空气中放置24小时后的试样在Cl-醋酸溶液中能自钝化，自腐蚀电位为100mv；经阴极极化后的试样在Cl-醋酸溶液中不能自钝化，其自腐蚀电位为-242±3mv；经阳极极化形成的钝化膜比在空气中自然形成的钝化膜更致密。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。