查询词典 formal logic

Projection temporal logic ; axiomatization ; formal methods ; verification

投影时序逻辑；公理系统；形式化方法；验证

The author points out: if lots of the conflicts of philosophical foundation the 20th century's quantum mechanics faced with, well-known to everybody, should be logically attributed to the confusions of the some fundamental concepts in the classical electromagnetic field theory, the series of logic inconsistencies implied in the classical electromagnetic theory and the forms of difficulties the modern computational electromagnetism encounters while solving time-varying electromagnetic field should be also logically attributed to an anomalous fact that series of fundamental mathematical propositions relating with bispinor differential operator, which naturally appears in the formal expression about dynamic electromagnetic field, have not be solved really while the related complete mathematic physical models or well posed boundary value problems have not been built.

著者指出：如果说20世纪的量子力学之所以面对哲学基础众所周知的矛盾，在逻辑上最终不能不归咎于经典电磁场理论体系的一些基本概念并没有真正得到澄清的话，那么，经典电磁场理论体系隐含的众多逻辑不自洽问题与目前计算动态电磁场所面对的困境，则必须逻辑地归咎于与双旋度微分算子相关的一系列基本数学命题并没有解决，而相关的恰当数学物理模型至今没有真正建立起来的缘故。

The paper introduces the Points of Knowledge Inaugurated on the contribution of 《Groundwork of ZiBenWei and Chinese Information Processing》,namely: the Definiens and Taxonomy of Information,and that of Intelligence, the Rationale on Chinese, the Principle of Memory Coordinated Bilingually in Cognitive Psychology, the Principle Restricted on the Formal Theory, the Principle on Logic with Bit-List Tool,the Universal Arithmetic and Measure for language and knowledge,the Producing Teaching cooperated with the training system as Man-Com-Net, the Integrative[1] Management (of knowledge, information and data).

本文介绍《字本位与中文信息处理的基础》[3]贡献的十个知识创新点，即：信息和智的本质定义及基本分类，汉语及中文的基本原理，认知心理学双语协同存储原理，形式理论的受限原理，序位逻辑原理及工具，语言和知识的通用算法和量具，生产式教学及协同智能训练体系，（产、学、研、教、用、算）一体化管理。

The paper introduces the Points of Knowledge Inaugurated on the contribution of 《Groundwork of ZiBenWei and Chinese Information Processing》,namely: the Definiens and Taxonomy of Information,and that of Intelligence, the Rationale on Chinese, the Principle of Memory Coordinated Bilingually in Cognitive Psychology, the Principle Restricted on the Formal Theory, the Principle on Logic with Bit-List Tool,the Universal Arithmetic and Measure for language and knowledge,the Producing Teaching cooperated with the training system as Man-Com-Net, the Integrative Management (of knowledge, information and data).

本文介绍《字本位与中文信息处理的基础》贡献的十个知识创新点，即：信息和智的本质定义及基本分类，汉语及中文的基本原理，认知心理学双语协同存储原理，形式理论的受限原理，序位逻辑原理及工具，语言和知识的通用计算方法和量具，生产式教学及协同智能训练体系，（产、学、研、教、用、算）一体化管理。

Topics covered include: programming and computability theory based on a term-rewriting,"substitution" model of computation by Scheme programs with side-effects; computation as algebraic manipulation: Scheme evaluation as algebraic manipulation and term rewriting theory; paradoxes from self-application and introduction to formal programming semantics; undecidability of the Halting Problem for Scheme; properties of recursively enumerable sets, leading to Incompleteness Theorems for Scheme equivalences; logic for program specification and verification; and Hilbert's Tenth Problem.

其所包含的主题：程序和运算理论是基于根据算数和具有一些副作用的计划纲要的条款重写和"代入"模式之上的、关于代数学计算的算数：关于代数学计算和术语重写理论的评价方案作计划、应用程序自己和说明的自相矛盾到形式上的程序语义、关于计划Halting 问题的不可判定性、可递归可列举集合的属性、导致对于等同计划的不完整规则、对于逻辑和证明程序的规范和Hilbert的第十问题。

It's not bound by rigorous standards of logic or formal methods.

它也不被严格的逻辑学或正式规则标准所束缚。

Description logic is the formal tool of knowledge representation and reasoning.

描述逻辑是知识表示和推理的形式化工具，它提供了可判定的和可靠的推理服务。

The most plausible instances of a priori concept are the formal concepts of logic.

先验概念的最似乎有道理的例子是逻辑的形式概念。

Science is rational since it follows formal rules of logic.

科学是理性的，因为它遵循逻辑形式规则。

The second part analyzes the formal language of knowledge predicate logic.

第二部分：分析知道谓词逻辑的形式语言。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。