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Protecting forest biodiversity is one standard of sustainable forest management, and it is an advanced subject to develop forest biodiversity index system based on forest management unit level and its assessment method in the study of SFM at home and abroad.

保护森林生物多样性是森林可持续经营的主要标准，研建森林经营单位级的森林生物多样性指标体系及评价方法是国内外森林可持续经营研究及实践的前沿课题。

The paper focuses on the tetraploidy black locust on Loess plaeatu of West Shanxi province, applys steady state promoter method and image processing technology to study the days transpiration water consumption in different weather ,different seasons and different site conditions,has primary analysis on the impact of environment on the transpiration and carries on the calculation to the tetraploidy locust tree by the single leaf water consumption to the single tree water consumption in CaiJiachuan watershed; Uses fast weighing method to measure and analyze the transpiration water consumption of five different herbs under the tetraploidy black locust forest (Capillary Wormwood,Vanilla,Agropyron Sristatum , Common Sowthistle and Medicago Sativa) in short time, in the same and different growcrop,and calculates the average transpiration water consumption per square metres ;the soil colome weighing method was used for determining diumal variation quantity of soil moisture evaporation, analyzing the dynamic variation and caculating the total quantity of soil evaporation water consumption from May to August ; then 5 kind of suppositions about the types of surface vegetation coverage are proposed in experimented site and the total evapotranspiration water consumption are calculated under 5 suppoitions ,aim at providing preliminary theoretic basis for ascertaining the transpiration water consumption of tetraploidy black locust forest,controling standing forest density and optimizing the forest grass deploy on loess plaeatu of west Shanxi province .

本文以两种不同立地条件下的四倍体刺槐林为研究对象，采用了气孔计法对蔡家川流域生长季内不同天气状况下(典型晴天、阴天和半阴天)四倍体刺槐日蒸腾耗水规律、不同季节(生长季初期、中期和末期)的蒸腾耗水规律、两种不同立地条件下四倍体刺槐蒸腾耗水比较以及影响四倍体刺槐蒸腾耗水的环境因子进行初步研究分析，并对四倍体刺槐由单叶耗水量向单株耗水量进行推算；采用经典快速连续称重法对四倍体刺槐林地生长的主要5种草本植物(白蒿、香青兰、冰草、苦苣和苜蓿)短时段内蒸腾耗水规律、不同生长季内蒸腾耗水规律、同一生长季不同种类草本植物蒸腾耗水量进行了比较分析，并且采用面积与重量比的方法推算出了单位面积四倍体刺槐林地几种主要草本植物平均蒸腾耗水量：采用土柱称重法测定了5月份～8月份土壤水分蒸发昼夜变化量、对试验期内土壤蒸发量动态变化作了分析、推算出了试验地5月份～8月份土壤蒸发耗水总量；对试验地地表植被覆盖类型提出了5种假设，推算出5种假设的情景下蒸散耗水总量，旨在为晋西黄土区四倍体刺槐林蒸腾耗水量的确定、林分密度调控以及林草优化配置等提供初步的理论依据。

The paper reviewed the host selection mechanisms and rules of xylophagous insects and their application foreground in forest health evaluation. According to the rule that some secondary xylophagous insects always accompany with trees which are sub-healthy or unhealthy, ideas of diagnosing and evaluating forest health betimes using xylophagous insects were posed. Mathematical models would be established based mainly on interactions between quantity of xylophagous insect populations and status of forest health, interspecific interactions (community structure, biodiversity) and environmental factors were also added as supplementary parameters, in order to quantitatively analyzing and comprehensively evaluating forest health and its developing trend.

本文综述了蛀干昆虫对寄主植物选择机制和规律的国内外研究进展及其在森林健康评价中的应用前景，根据蛀干昆虫中次期性种类总是与亚健康和衰弱林木相伴的规律，提出了利用蛀干昆虫早期诊断和评价森林健康的思路，以蛀干昆虫种群数量与林木健康状况的相互关系为主，辅以物种间相互作用关系、环境因子等建立数学模型，定量分析和综合评价森林健康及其发展趋势。

On the basis of it, eight suggestions are put forward to evaluate the forestry ecological benefits:(1) it is an inevitable trend to carry out the comprehensive evaluation of the multifold forest ecological benefits;(2) upbuilding the theoretical frame of ecological benefits according to the situation of our country;(3) conducting the subarea case research based on the way of creativity accountment;(4) to set up the locating monitoring system of subarea forestry ecology profits to provide the reliable reference for the research;(5) studying the measuring estimate index more comprehensively to make it more self_contained and self_governed;(6) establishing the standards of the forest ecological benefit evaluation so that the evaluation could provide rational evidence for the establishment of the forestry compensation law and so on;(7) upbuilding economic accountment system of forest ecological benefits;(8) establishing economic compensation system of forest ecological benefits.

并且在此基础上提出了对今后森林生态效益评价研究的八点建议：(1)进行森林多种生态效益的综合评价是今后发展的必然趋势；(2)从国情出发建立我国森林生态效益评价理论框架；(3)在创新核算方法的基础上开展分区案例研究；(4)建立区域性森林生态效益定位监测系统，为研究提供真实可靠的数据资料；(5)更全面地研究生态效益计量评价指标，使之既具完备性又具独立性；(6)建立森林生态效益评价标准，使评价结果能为林业补偿等法律政策制定提供科学的依据；(7)建立森林生态效益经济核算制度；(8)建立森林生态效益的经济补偿制度。

The total carbon storage of litters under main forest types of the TGRA was 1150.31×10~4 t. The biomass of litter under cunnighamia lanceolata forest was the most of 11 forest types, and that of forest of Citrus reticulate, Citrus aurantium and Citrus grandis was the least.

3三峡库区主要森林植被类型下凋落物总有机碳贮量为1150.31×10~4t.11种主要森林植被类型中，以杉木林和温性松林下凋落物生物量最大，柑桔林凋落物生物量最小。

The diameter-class distribution of trees in mixed Alnus cremastogyne-Cupressus funebris forest,pure Cupressus funebris forest,mixed Pinus massoniana-Quercus forest,mixed Pinus massoniana-Cupressus funebris forest and m...

异常木直径主要分布在1cm~10cm范围内，其中倾斜木和倒伏木超过了异常木总数的50%，枯立木和濒死木中，马尾松林和松柏栎混交林较其它防护林类型少。

Direction as theory of modren foresty and biotechnology, Based on the Breeding of superior clones, culture medium prescription of tissue culture and photoautotrophic micropropagation for the main species of industrial raw material forest and flower of Fujian were selected, and the sivilcuture model for the main species of industrial raw material forest were comfirmed, and the assistant Forest Management System for the main species of industrial raw material forest and flower of Fujian were established.

以现代林业理论及生物技术为理论指导，在优良无性系选育的基础上，筛选出相思树种等我省工业原料林主要树种及花卉优良品种组织培养、光自养植物微繁技术的培养基配方及轻质专用容器苗基质；确定了环境友好型的工业原料林主要树种栽培模式，建立了相思树种等我省工业原料林辅助经营管理系统。

In the way to deal with the sustainable development of forestry resources and forest product industry in national forestry area, at first it analyses the current situation of forestry resources and forest products industry of forest area, then finds out problems and finally proposes the specific measure of how to settle problem, the paper has some pragmatic value, clear aim and operational value. It lays a foundation for the sustainable development in forest area.Postgraduate: Huari GaoMajor:Agricultural management in economySupervisor: Prof. Zhilin Suo

在国有林区森林资源和林产工业可持续发展对策中，首先分析了林区森林资源和林产工业现状，寻找出存在的问题，最后提出解决问题的具体措施，具有一定的实用性、针对性和可操作性，为国有林区可持续发展奠定了基础。

The total savings to the county forest up to 20 billion cubic meters, the country's largest contiguous area of more than 11 million mu of natural secondary forest hystrix forest areas are classified as state protection, 20 million mu of bamboo forest and rich resources Mans series.

全县森林总积蓄量达20亿立方米，全国连片面积最大的11多万亩天然次生红椎林被列为国家重点保护林区，有20多万亩竹林和丰富的芒编资源。

The Study on the Productivity of phyllostachys heterocycal forest mixed with broadieaved trees in East Fujian showed that the mixed forest had higher productivity compared with pure forest, the mean DHB beight and mean weight and M of culm increased by 17.9%、8.7%、37.53% and 25.6% respectively, the density, evenness, uniform and ILA were all higher than pure forest

对闽东12年生竹阔混交林中毛竹生产力的研究结果表明：竹阔混交林比纯林具有较高的生产力，毛竹的平均胸径、平均竹高、平均竹秆产量、平均蓄积量分别比毛竹纯林增加了17.9%、8.7%、37.53%和25.6%；立竹度、均匀度、整齐度、叶面积指数均比毛竹纯林高。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失