查询词典 forest tree

According to the present situations of protected area in China and referring to the definition and category abroad, we suggested the forest natural protected area mainly include three types as follow: Nature Reserves (NR; types of forest eco-system), Forest Parks and Public Welfare Tree Farm. Researches of evaluation on ecotourism resources of forest natural protected area focused on two aspects basically: to appraise and account the ecotourism resources monetarily from the standpoint of pure economics; to assess the exploitability of ecotourism resources based on the theories of conservation biology and ecology, in which finding the reasonable equilibrating point between protection and: utilization was emphasized. On the studies of development pattern of forest ecotourism resources, it is necessary to deal with the relationship between protection and exploitation correctively, namely to put the protection as the first consideration and balance the "Tree r.1ajor Benefits" so that prompting the virtuous circle afforest ecotourism.

根据我国自然保护地的实际情况，参考国外自然保护地的定义与分类方式，可认为我国的森林自然保护地主要应主要包括森林生态系统类型自然保护区、森林公园及公益林场三种类型；森林自然保护地的生态旅游资源评价研究主要集中在两方面：一是单纯地从经济学角度对旅游资源游憩价值进行货币化评价与核算，二是从保护生物学和生态学角度对资源的可开发性进行评价，其侧重在于找到保护与开发的的科学平衡点；在森林自然保护地旅游资源的开发模式研究上，必须正确处理开发与保护的关系，把保护放在第一位，坚持"三大效益"兼顾的原则，才能实现森林生态旅游资源开发与保护的良性循环。

The researches cover silviculture, vegetation management, tree physiology, ecophysiology, dendrochronology, forest ecology, forest fire ecology, forest soil biology, biotechnology, forest genetics, forest entomology and pathology, forest practices effects on biodiversity and sustainability and forest economics etc.

该杂志研究领域涉及造林学、植被管理、树木生理学、生态生理学、树木年代学、森林生态学、森林大火生态学、森林土壤生物学、生物技术、森林遗传学、森林昆虫学与病理学、森林实践对生物多样性与稳定性的影响以及森立经济学等。

After nest found, the dominating ecological factors with definite distance to nest tree (less than 10 meters) including tree species, tree height, habitat type of nesting-tree, nest position, the type of nesting tree branch, nest type, the type of nest-site, the viability status of tree and branch was described and measured. Geography coordinates (latitude-longitude) was converted into orthogonal coordinates, and add to Arcview3.2 as shape-file, and measured the distance between nest and the habitat type including double-line river, lake, seasonal lake, shallow mire, deep water mire, meadow mire, farmland, sparse forest, forest marsh, the boundary of Nature Reserve and road.

将调查所获得的东方白鹳巢址坐标转换成平面直角坐标，并将巢位点作为Arcview3.2中的矢量图层加入到已经矢量化的洪河保护区生境类型图中，运用Arcview3.2的距离量算功能，量算出每个巢距各生境类型的距离，包括双线河、湖泊、时令湖、轻沼泽、重沼泽、沼泽化草甸、旱田、疏林和森林沼泽，以及距保护区边界和公路的距离。

When big, moderate rain and rainstorm, the Y value size order is always the masson pine pinus elliottii mixed forest＜the wetland pinery＜the wetland pinery＜the locust tree forest＜the locust tree pinus elliottii mixed forest＜the thin forest, to the soil protection effect, the conifer forest is better than broad leaved forest. For annual rainfall erosion, the Y value ordered: Locust tree forest＜wetland pinery＜locust tree pinus elliottii mixed forest＜wetland pinery＜masson pine pinus elliottii mixed forest＜thin forest.

大、中雨和暴雨时，Y值的大小顺序都是马尾松湿地松混交林＜湿地松林＜湿地松林＜刺槐林＜刺槐湿地松混交林＜疏林，对土壤保护效果针叶林优于阔叶林；对于年降雨侵蚀，Y值的大小顺序是：刺槐林＜湿地松林＜刺槐湿地松混交林＜湿地松林＜马尾松湿地松混交林＜疏林。

The paper focuses on the tetraploidy black locust on Loess plaeatu of West Shanxi province, applys steady state promoter method and image processing technology to study the days transpiration water consumption in different weather ,different seasons and different site conditions,has primary analysis on the impact of environment on the transpiration and carries on the calculation to the tetraploidy locust tree by the single leaf water consumption to the single tree water consumption in CaiJiachuan watershed; Uses fast weighing method to measure and analyze the transpiration water consumption of five different herbs under the tetraploidy black locust forest (Capillary Wormwood,Vanilla,Agropyron Sristatum , Common Sowthistle and Medicago Sativa) in short time, in the same and different growcrop,and calculates the average transpiration water consumption per square metres ;the soil colome weighing method was used for determining diumal variation quantity of soil moisture evaporation, analyzing the dynamic variation and caculating the total quantity of soil evaporation water consumption from May to August ; then 5 kind of suppositions about the types of surface vegetation coverage are proposed in experimented site and the total evapotranspiration water consumption are calculated under 5 suppoitions ,aim at providing preliminary theoretic basis for ascertaining the transpiration water consumption of tetraploidy black locust forest,controling standing forest density and optimizing the forest grass deploy on loess plaeatu of west Shanxi province .

本文以两种不同立地条件下的四倍体刺槐林为研究对象，采用了气孔计法对蔡家川流域生长季内不同天气状况下(典型晴天、阴天和半阴天)四倍体刺槐日蒸腾耗水规律、不同季节(生长季初期、中期和末期)的蒸腾耗水规律、两种不同立地条件下四倍体刺槐蒸腾耗水比较以及影响四倍体刺槐蒸腾耗水的环境因子进行初步研究分析，并对四倍体刺槐由单叶耗水量向单株耗水量进行推算；采用经典快速连续称重法对四倍体刺槐林地生长的主要5种草本植物(白蒿、香青兰、冰草、苦苣和苜蓿)短时段内蒸腾耗水规律、不同生长季内蒸腾耗水规律、同一生长季不同种类草本植物蒸腾耗水量进行了比较分析，并且采用面积与重量比的方法推算出了单位面积四倍体刺槐林地几种主要草本植物平均蒸腾耗水量：采用土柱称重法测定了5月份～8月份土壤水分蒸发昼夜变化量、对试验期内土壤蒸发量动态变化作了分析、推算出了试验地5月份～8月份土壤蒸发耗水总量；对试验地地表植被覆盖类型提出了5种假设，推算出5种假设的情景下蒸散耗水总量，旨在为晋西黄土区四倍体刺槐林蒸腾耗水量的确定、林分密度调控以及林草优化配置等提供初步的理论依据。

Salix matsudana, Ulmus pumila, Quermus mongolica, Populus alba×P.beroliensis and Betula platyphlla are frontal 5 tree species with weight value 90.37, 90.12, 88.12, 87.55 and 86.2 respectively, were used for farmland protection forest; Acer negundo, Salix matsudana, Juniperus rigida, Fraxinus mandshurica and Ulmus pumila are frontal 5 tree species with weight value 78.14, 76.92, 75.96, 74.72 and 74.56 respectively, were used for urban protection forest; Ulmus pumila, Salix matsudana, Populus alba×P.beroliensis, Acer negundo and Larix gemelinii are frontal 5 arbor tree species with weight value 80.07, 79.07, 77.5, 72.42 and 71.67 respectively, were used for road protection forest; Salix matsudana, Populus alba×P.beroliensis, Ulmus pumila, Larixgemelinii and Betula platyphlla are frontal 5 tree species with weight value 92.37, 88.72, 86.62, 85.82 and 85.7 respectively, were used for river protection forest; Fraxinus mandshurica, Larix gemelinii, Populus alba*P.beroliensis, Ulmus pumila and Salix matsudana are frontal 5 tree species with weight value 89.61, 8.35, 87.12, 85.56 and 80.15 respectively, were used for wood forest; Cornus alba, Prunus tomentosa, Primus triloba, Syringa obalata and Sambucus williamsii are frontal 5 shrubs with weight value 82.93, 81.23, 80.85, 78.38 and 77.78 respectively, were used for landscape forest; and Acer negundo,Malus baccata, Sorbus pohuashanensis, Prunus maackii and Prunus padus are frontal 5 arbors with weight value 82, 81.52, 80.3, 79.62 and 78.9 respectively, were used for landscape forest; Prunus salicina, Prunu

根据哈尔滨地区不同林种的功能要求，给出了不同指标的期望值，通过查询系统可以得到旱柳、榆树、蒙古栎、银中杨、白桦为符合农田防护林的前五位的树种，权重值分别为90.37、90.12、88.12、87.55、86.2；糖槭、旱柳、杜松、水曲柳、榆树为符合城市防护林的前五位的树种，权重值分别为78.14、76.92、75.96、74.72、74.56；榆树、早柳、银中杨、糖槭、兴安落叶松为符合道路防护林的前五位的乔木树种，权重值分别为80.07、79.07、77.5、72.42、71.67；旱柳、银中杨、榆树、兴安落叶松、白桦为符合河岸防护林的前五位的树种，权重值分别为92.37、88.72、86.62、85.82、85.7：水曲柳、兴安落叶松、银中杨、榆树、旱柳为符合用材林的前五位的树种，权重值分别为89.61、88.35、87.12、85.56、80.15；红瑞木、毛樱桃、榆叶梅、紫丁香、接骨木为符合风景林前五位的灌木树种，权重值分别为82.93、81.23、80.85、78.38、77.78，糖槭、山丁子、花楸、山桃稠李、稠李为符合风景林前五位的乔木树种，权重值分别为82、81.52、80.3、79.62、78.9；李、杏、文冠果、山楂、野梨为符合经济林的前五位的树种，权重值分别为88.85、80.88、73.25、69.35、63.77。

The result pointed out that the vertical distribution of foliage for each species was different,however,generally speaking,the foliage in upper crown (0.3CL) for broad-leaved species in natural secondary forest took a small percentage,about 10%;in middle or middle lower of the crown(0.4CL to 0.8CL) the branches here took the majority percentage of whole foliage,almost 60%to 75%;but in lower crown(0.8CL),there was about 10%of whole foliage.(5)The interspecies competition of trees in secondary forest was expressed by Hegyi competitioin index,and the active competitor was calculated by the competition zone radius and the tree position,DBH,and distance in the zone,it was not all competitors in tranditional calculation.The study introduced crown area overlap index to describe the crown competition between subject tree and its competitors,furthermore,the crown area was classified into 5 levels with a method of equal crown projection area,therefor,the resulting crown area overlap index showed more realities of existing stand conditons.(6)Based on the theoretics of multiply divide,the spatial strcture optimizing model of secondary forest stand selective thinning was developed by diversity mingling,aggregation index,competition index and crown area overlap index,also designed 10 constraint conditions which were related to forestry meanings,the objective function was solved by the implicit enumeration method with LINGO 9.0,using 0-1 integer programming.

并且得出，每个树种在树冠内相对高度上的叶量的垂直分布是不同的，天然次生林阔叶树种的叶量在树冠的上部(0.3CL以下)所占比例很小，约占10%左右；在树冠的中部以及中下部(0.4CL～0.8CL)，叶量所占比例最大，几乎集中了整个树冠60%～75%的叶量；而在树冠的下部(0.8CL以下)，几乎占很少的叶量，大约10%左右。5、采用Hegyi竞争指数来表现次生林内林木的竞争关系，并且根据竞争圈的大小和林木在竞争圈内的分布位置、大小与距离来计算有效的竞争木，并不是传统意义上的全部竞争木；本研究提出用树冠叠加指数来表示林木与周围树木的树冠竞争情况，并采用等树冠投影面积法把树冠分为5级，这样计算的树冠叠加指数更加与现实林分相符。6、本研究基于乘除法的思想，用多样性混交度、聚集指数、竞争指数和树冠叠加指数构建了天然次生林择伐空间优化模型，设计了10个与林学意义相一致的约束条件，并采用0-1整数规划的思路，在LINGO9.0软件中使用了隐枚举法对目标函数求得最优解。7、以M702标准地为应用实例，具体计算出了每株采伐木，经过择伐后，目标函数值按模型设计的要求发生了极大的改变，增加了5倍多，说明了最后这个解的优良性，满足了设计的要求。

Through discussing the urban forest connotation, this paper pointed out some existing problems of tree species selection in present urban forest culture, and raised the urban forest culture tree species selection principle.

通过对城市森林内涵的探讨，指出了当前城市森林培育中树种选择存在的一些问题，提出了城市森林培育树种选择的原则。

The technology of seed storage and seed treatment is one of the key technologies in forest tree introduction.

种子贮藏技术和种子处理技术是林木引种工作中最为关键的技术之一。

It is shown that it is difficulty to differentiate each vegetation type among sub-tropical evergreen forest, sub-tropical coniferous forest and sub-tropical deciduous forest because of the mixture of their tree spectra. According to the reflection index in the wavelengths of 750 nm to 1 100 nm, the tree species can be divided into 4 groups with descend in reflectivity. Each tree specie can be differentiated from each other according to its slope of the spectrum curve and its reflection index in the wavelengths of 770 nm to 1 010 nm for each forest vegetation type. The unique first order derivative feature can be used to identify litsea, alder, fir, red birch, southwest birch, large schima confertiflora, taiwania flousian and small leaf schima confertiflora.

研究表明：亚热带常绿阔叶林、亚热带针叶林和亚热带落叶阔叶林等植被类型，因其树种间光谱特征混淆严重，而难以彼此区分；根据其反射率在750~1 100 nm范围上的差异，可将其归为4类；就各植被类型而言，其树种间在光谱曲线坡度，以及在770~1 010 nm范围上具有显著差异，可据此将其区分；木姜子、桤木、杉木、红桦、大叶木荷、秃杉和小叶木荷等因具有独特的光谱一阶导数特征，据此可以识别提取。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了