查询词典 forest tree

At large scale, the result of comparing of optimization structure of forest type with the present structure of forest type illustrates that the present economical forest area is larger while the mixed forest is smaller. So decreasing economical forest area and increasing mixed forest area should be the main measurements to optimize spatial patterns. At small scale, the evaluation of the landscape inner structure index illustrates that the forest structure and coverage is smaller, which should be regulated and so the uneven-aged, multi-layered and mixed forest should be the object of the forest structure design.

大尺度上根据植被类型优化结构和现有植被类型结构数据的对比分析可知，现有经济林面积则过大，混交林面积较小，因此主要是减少经济林面积，改造针叶和阔叶纯林为混交林，从而增加混交林面积，以达到最优植被类型结构时的空间配置；在小尺度上通过对景观内部结构指数的计算分析可知，该区林分结构和郁闭度分指数值较小，应予以着力调整；由研究结果可知，异龄、多层次、混交的水源保护功能最好，因此稳定的林分结构设计目标就是尽量使林分形成异龄、多层次、混交林。

Article 8 For national focal point shelter belt, and forest for special uses, the competent forestry authority of State Council shall produce opinions and report to the State Council for approval, then promulgate it; for local key shelter forest and forest for special use, the competent forestry authority of the people's government of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the central authority shall produce opinions and report to the people's government at the same level for approval, then promulgate it; for other shelter forest, timber forest or special-use forest as well as economic forest or fuel forest, the competent forestry authority of people's government at county level shall demarcate according to the state's relevant regulations on forest categorization and the arrangement and organization of the People's government at the same level, and report to the people's government at the same level for approval and promulgation.

第八条 国家重点防护林和特种用途林，由国务院林业主管部门提出意见，报国务院批准公布；地方重点防护林和特种用途林，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府林业主管部门提出意见，报本级人民政府批准公布；其他防护林、用材林、特种用途林以及经济林、薪炭林，由县级人民政府林业主管部门根据国家关于林种划分的规定和本级人民政府的部署组织划定，报本级人民政府批准公布。

The ecosystems were classified into 13 types including valley rain forest, mountainous rain forest, tropical monsoon forest, mountainous coppice forest, mountainous ever green forest, tropical coniferous forest, shrubs, plantation, timber forest, windbreak forest, mangrove, savanna, and crop land, and then, the regulation services and their economic values of Hainan Island ecosystem were assessed and evaluated by terms of water-holding, soil-conservancy, nutrient cycle, C fixation, and windbreak function.

研究表明，2004年海南岛基于生态系统服务功能的绿色GDP为1042.80—1072.84亿元。其中传统GDP为769.36亿元、环境污染经济损失为10.54亿元、生态GDP为283.98—314.02亿元。经分析可知道：海南岛由于工业并不发达，其环境污染损失并不严重，只占传统GDP的1.4％；然而海南岛生态系统服务功能所提供的价值却是非常大，其中生态GDP是传统GDP的37％—41％。

Based on the concept and the theory of forest park and forest tourism, development advantages of Hanzhong forest park were identified as follows: i through the past several years'development, forest tourism products were getting so abundant gradually that a fundamental scale was formed, with three national forest parks as well as three province parks founded; ii the idea of"tourism stimulation"was determined as the development strategy in the province since forest tourism played an increasingly significant part in the development of Hanzhong economy and society; iii geo-topographically, forest park in Hanzhong not only possess similar precipitous view of Qinling, but also equally splendid scenery of Bashan; iv hydrologically, the landscape had a lasting appeal as that in south China to some extend; v the forest located in the best site of the same latitude; vi with the opening of Xihan expressway, access to Hanzhong was upgraded prominently, which made the park a garden of Xi'an and a resort for many citizens.

本文从森林公园及森林旅游的概念及相关理论入手，提出了汉中森林公园和森林旅游的发展优势，即：1、通过多年发展，森林旅游产品日益丰富，初具规模，现有国家级3家，省级3家；2、&旅游活市&被汉中市委、市政府确定为发展战略，在汉中经济社会中的重要地位进一步提升；3、从地貌景观上看兼具秦岭的险峻与巴山的锦绣；4、水文上看，颇具江南山水韵味；5、森林植被处于同纬度最好的地区；6、西汉高速公路开通，汉中交通能级大幅提升，成为西安后花园和区域性休闲旅游地，给森林旅游带来无限生机。

There are some questions such as forest fire model selection, forest fire model updating, verifying simulation accuracy and so on in traditional forest fire spreading system. Study purpose is to build an innovative forest fire spreading simulation system based on DDDAS in this paper. The system can increase precision of forest fire spreading simulation by model base, model selection, model updating and so on. It can provide a strategic decision for forest fire save and new technologies demonstration for other related field of research. The research encompasses several major topics:(1) This paper brings up the term of dynamic data driven forest fire spreading simulation system and supplies new research approach and thought for forest fire spreading simulation study. The system framework was brought.

本研究针对传统林火模拟过程中存在的模型手动选择难度大、模型修正数据获取效率低、模拟精度验证困难等问题，以DDDAS为林火蔓延模拟研究的技术范式，提出林火蔓延模拟全新的技术框架体系，解决模拟系统建设过程中的模型库建设与管理、模型适宜性选择、模型自适应修正、模拟过程实时验证等关键技术，建立林火扩散模拟和实际林火发展之间相互协作、共生的林火扩散动态模拟系统；提高林火蔓延模拟精度，将林火蔓延模拟真正应用到林火扑救指挥过程当中，在实践上为林火扑救指挥提供决策支持，在理论上为相关领域的空间扩散模拟研究提供新的思路和技术范式。

The researches cover silviculture, vegetation management, tree physiology, ecophysiology, dendrochronology, forest ecology, forest fire ecology, forest soil biology, biotechnology, forest genetics, forest entomology and pathology, forest practices effects on biodiversity and sustainability and forest economics etc.

该杂志研究领域涉及造林学、植被管理、树木生理学、生态生理学、树木年代学、森林生态学、森林大火生态学、森林土壤生物学、生物技术、森林遗传学、森林昆虫学与病理学、森林实践对生物多样性与稳定性的影响以及森立经济学等。

The major types of China tropical forests are: tropical rain forest (including humid rain forest and mountain rain forest); tropical seasonal rain forest (including half-evergreen seasonal rain forest, deciduous seasonal rain forest, limestone seasonal rain forest); south sea coral island vegetation; coast mangrove.

次生林占热带地区林地面积的48.33%，占有林地总面积的50.63%。中国热带林地和次生林的实际数字估计要比这一数值大6%以上，因为中国这几年高度重视林业建设，森林植被特别是热带森林植被恢复得很快，林地和次生林一直在不断增加。

But on account of excessive cut since 1949, forest resources cutdown sharply, bring a series of problem, for instance, forest productivity decrease, forest habitat fragmentation, agrestic species become extinct at a high speed, environmental quality decline, this paper discussed forest resources change in Heilongjing Province from statistical change feature of forest resources and forest landscape pattern change, using model of GM(1,1) to predict the development trend of forest resources here.

但由于半个多世纪的过量采伐，致使森林资源锐减，带来了森林生产力下降、森林生境破碎化、乡土物种加速灭绝和环境质量下降等一系列问题。本文从森林资源统计变化特征、森林景观格局变化两个方面对黑龙江省森林资源的变化进行了研究，并用灰色理论的GM(1，1)模型对该省森林资源未来的发展进行了预测。

These vegetation types are (1) Yushania niitakayamensis thicket (2) Juniperus squamata-Rhododendron pseudochrysanthum thicket (3) Abies Kawakamii forest (4) Tsuga chinensis forest (5) Abies Kawakamii-Tsuga chinensis forest (6) Picea morrisonicola forest (7) Chamaecyparis formosana forest (8) Pinus taiwanensis forest and (9) Evergreen broad-leaved forest.

使用双向指标种分析法与列表比较法将100个样区切分成9个植被类型，分别为玉山箭竹矮灌丛(6)、玉山圆柏-玉山杜鹃灌丛(3)、台湾冷杉林(7)、台湾铁杉林(3)、台湾冷杉-台湾铁杉林(9)、台湾云杉林(2)、桧木林(4)、台湾二叶松林(12)、针阔叶混合林(41)、常绿阔叶林(13)。

The setting-up of the information management system of forest resource, the information quantizes and make a reservation after realizing it under the environment of Internet for HuoDiTang forest farm"s freest resource management and the forest farm area. The ones that and realized to Nathan"s woods resource information of forest zone upgrade in real time, trends monitored and appraise.And realize for this regional forest resource management that the sustainable development of the forest offers basic data and scientific basis. Improve the systematic whole ization degree of resources - economy - society. Finally for realizing forest reserves serve by the democratization and scientific izations of administrative decision.

森林资源信息管理系统的建立，实现了在互联网环境下对火地塘林场的森林资源管理及对林场区域内的森林资源信息量化和定位；并实现对林区内森林资源信息的实时更新、动态监测和评价，为这一区域森林资源管理和实现森林可持续发展提供基础数据和科学依据，提高资源—经济—社会系统的整体化程度，最终为实现森林资源管理决策的民主化和科学化服务。

"Yes, now you can give yourself airs," she said, you have got what you wanted.

"对了，您现在高兴了，"她说道，这是您所期待的。

Then the LORD said to me: Rebel Israel is inwardly more just than traitorous Judah.

上主于是对我说：＂失节的以色列比失信的犹大，更显得正义。