查询词典 foreign exchange holding

This paper includes several parts: first, some important concepts of the thesis have been defined, a theoretical overview of currency crisis has been finished; then, we have described the history of the international monetary system; later, three chapes have been arranged to discuss the mechanism of currency crisis under fixed and floating and intermediate exchange rate system respectively. The part of the fixed exchange rate system mainly includes the analysis of the collapse of the international gold standard system, the Bretton Woods system and the the European Monetary System; in the part of the floating exchange rate system, the volatility problem under freely floating exchange rate system has been studied; the part of the intermediate exchange rate system mainly includes the analysis of currency crises in regional dollar standard system and the currency board system. And finally, we have analysed the inevitability of the appearance of new type regional monetary cooperation patterns, and how these cooperations avoid currency crises.

本文主要包括这样几部分：首先，对论文中涉及到的重要概念给予界定，并对货币危机理论进行系统梳理；接着，按时间顺序从总体上回忆国际货币制度的历史演进；然后，用三个章节分别研究了固定汇率制度、浮动汇率制度以及中间汇率制度下货币危机的形成机理，其中，固定汇率制度下的货币危机主要包括国际金本位制度和布雷顿森林体系的崩溃，以及欧洲货币体系的瓦解；浮动汇率制度下的货币危机，则重点分析了自由浮动汇率制度下汇率的过度波动问题；中间汇率制度下的货币危机，分别分析了区域美元本位及货币局制度下货币危机的发生机理；最后，分析了目前新型区域货币合作模式出现的必然性，及各模式下如何规避货币危机。

Considered that china finance reality, implementing hard peg exchange rate regime isn" t favor to economic level effect, but at present there isn" t enough condition in implementing float exchange rate regime in china, so author argue that china should choose median exchange rate regime between hard peg exchange rate regime and float exchange rate regime.

论文重点分析了在中国金融进一步开放中，实施固定汇率制不利于发挥汇率的经济杠杆作用，而实施浮动汇率制的条件又不具备，只能选择介于固定与浮动两极之间的&中间汇率安排&。

Zhang through sea view, the fair is facing a new situation :"WTO" to the Chinese foreign capital brought new opportunities and challenges;"15" plan for new goals and requirements for attracting foreign capital, to the strategic readjustment of the economic structure as the main line, the absorption of foreign capital in developing policy guidance, Amendment foreign investment catalog; attracting foreign investment laws and the implementation of the three rules changes, a further relaxation of foreign capital policy.

张循海认为，本届洽谈会面临着新形势："入世"给中国吸收外资带来新机遇和挑战；"十五"计划对吸收外资提出新目标和要求，即要以经济结构战略性调整为主线，制定吸收外资的导向政策，修订外商投资产业指导目录；吸收外资的三个法律和实施细则进行修改，进一步放宽了吸收外资政策。

Based on the study of scholars at home and abroad and from the point of theoretical and empirical study, this paper analyses the impact of foreign trade and FDI over China's business cycle using many econometric methods such as Unit Root Test, Co-integration Tests, Granger Test, Pulse-response Function and variance decomposition based on VAR model and draws the conclusion as follows:Firstly,there is a close relationship among foreign trade, FDI and business cycle. Foreign trade and FDI are the important transmission channel of the economic cycle. Secondly, the impact to economic fluctuation from foreign trade is greater than that of FDI. Thirdly, In the long time, there is fine interactive circulation among foreign trade, FDI and economic growth. When the short-term deviation from equilibrium happens, there is a self-balanced mechanism in the system.Fourthly,the active effect outweighs the negative effect which the foreign trade and FDI brings.

本文在国内外学者研究成果的基础上，从理论和实证两个方面，运用单位根检验、协整检验、格兰杰因果检验、基于VAR模型的脉冲响应分析及方差分解等计量经济学的方法，从比较的角度分析了对外贸易及FDI对我国经济周期波动的影响，得出结论如下：首先，对外贸易、FDI与我国经济的波动有着显著的关系，二者是传递经济周期的重要渠道；其次，对外贸易对我国经济波动的影响要大于FDI的作用；第三，长期看我国FDI、对外贸易和经济增长之间形成良好的互动循环，当系统短期内偏离均衡状态时，系统存在一个自我均衡机制；第四，对外贸易及FDI对我国经济周期波动产生的积极效应要远大于它所带来的负面效应。

By analyzing the return rate of FDI and the cost to hold foreign exchange reserve, this article explains this situation that gets more kicks than halfpence and gives more suggestions for the rational holding of foreign exchange reserve.

本文通过分析FDI回报率和持有外汇储备的成本，来解密这样一个"得不偿失"的局面，从而为外汇储备的合理化持有提出建议。

Sovereign Wealth Funds,which are mainly funded by foreign exchange reserve,are developing fast under the background that emerging countries are holding large-scale foreign exchange reserve because of the global economic imbalance.

全球经济失衡导致新兴国家的外汇储备巨额盈余，以外汇储备为资金来源的主权财富基金在此背景下迅速崛起。

Article in the equilibrium exchange rate impact on economic growth based on knot theory, a balanced exchange rate of China's double the current international balance of payments surplus, foreign exchange reserves surge in economic conditions of the external imbalance, analysis of the situation of the impact on China's economy, and the equilibrium exchange rate adjust the direction of the proposals put forward.

文章最后在均衡汇率对经济增长影响的理论基础上结，合均衡汇率实现我国目前国际收支双顺差、外汇储备激增的外部失衡经济状况，分析该状况对我国经济的影响，并对均衡汇率的调整方向提出相应的建议。

The aromatic holding structure for dust collecting chamber inside vacuum dust collector includes concave holding notch in the bottom of the dust collecting chamber for holding antiseptic agent and aromatic, and top cover over the concave holding notch and with several ventilating holes for dispersing antiseptic agent and aromatic toward the dust collecting chamber.

本发明是关于一种真空吸尘器的芳香剂安装结构，特别是在收集本体中空气所包含的污物的集尘室内部安装芳香剂的结构。本发明的真空吸尘器(30)的芳香剂(40)安装结构，包括设置在尘袋(20)所在的集尘室(31)底部可放进抗菌剂及芳香剂的凹形安装槽(35)、安装在该凹形安装槽上部的可开闭的顶盖(37)，以及形成在凹形安装槽(35)和顶盖上可开闭安装槽上部的开闭构件。

Meanwhile for responding the GEELY Holding Group well the greatly GEELY strategy and obtains more resources and the development, the company reports after the GEELY Holding Group board of directors and has control over can authorize, in persisted the Shanghai culture will make the vehicle idea and in the Shanghai school intermediate automobile manufacture base localization invariable foundation increases the SMA automobile to construct the GEELY Holding Group upscale vehicle the production base, the new energy automobile and the classical vehicle type research and development base, the mold and the advanced equipment manufacturing center three big new localizations, In completes the existing SMA automobile limited company, Shanghai SMA GUORUN automobile limited company, the SMA engine company, the SMA research institute limited company, the SMA trading company, in the SMA automobile international Trading company's foundation, prepares for construction the establishment the Shanghai LTI China automobile Co., Limited and the SMA mold manufacture Co., Limited company which cooperates with English famous LTI Corporation, thus utilize GEELY Holding Group the international resources to realize the SMA automobile industry rapid development enabling SMA automobile to become China and even the world famous enterprise.

同时为更好地响应吉利控股集团的大吉利战略和得到更多的资源和发展，公司报经吉利控股集团董事会和经管会批准后，在坚持海派文化造车理念和海派中级汽车制造基地定位不变的基础上增加将上海华普汽车建设成吉利控股集团高档车的生产基地、新能源汽车与经典车型的研发基地、模具及先进设备制造中心的三大新定位，在做好现有上海华普汽车有限公司、上海华普国润汽车有限公司、上海华普发动机公司、上海华普研究院有限公司、上海华普汽车销售公司、上海华普汽车国际销售公司的基础上，筹建成立和英国著名的LTI公司合作的上海英伦帝华汽车部件有限公司和上海华普模具制作有限公司，从而更好地利用吉利控股集团的国际化资源实现上海华普汽车产业的飞速发展，让上海华普汽车成为中国乃至世界的驰名企业。

The experiment study about the subcritical normalizing holding temperature effects the macrostructure and hardness of the 40SiMnCrNiMoA steel shows: When subcritical normalizing holding temperature is 760℃, the ferrite in the mixture phase structure is lumpish, the hardness of the steel is low (about HRC32), and when the holding temperature is over 800℃, the hardness of the steel is about HRC49, the ferrite in the mixture phase structure is in old critical range austenite grain boundaries, it is disadvantage for the steel strengthening. When the holding temperature is 780℃, the mixture phase structure is mixture phase structure including the strip ferrite、martensite and bainite, the ferrite is less than 20%wt, its grains are fine and even, the hardness of the steel is about HRC38, it is in the range of HRC35-40 which is the long-life drill rod needed.

亚温正火温度对40SiMnCrNiMoA的组织和硬度等性能的影响的实验研究表明，当亚温正火保温温度为760℃时，复合组织中的铁素体形态是块状，处理后的材料硬度相对较低（HRC32左右）；而当采用大于800℃温度亚温正火处理，材料硬度为HRC49左右，组织中铁素体大部分较连续地存在于原奥氏体的晶界，对材料强化不利；当40SiMnCrNiMoA钢780℃亚温正火后，硬度为HRC38左右，在以往小钎杆较长寿命所需硬度范围HRC35-40内，而组织为细条状铁素体+以板条马氏体和条状无碳贝氏体为主的复合组织，晶粒细小均匀，铁素体体积含量少于20％。

Although translator has turned from being a crystal ball by which the original culture can unrestrainedly penetrate to another crystal ball by which the target culture can freely traverse, the translator's personal embodiment, in the process of cognitive act, are still absent in translation studies. Translators are still subjects without body or simply disembodied subjects.

译者虽然由原语文化可以自由穿透的玻璃球变成了译语文化可以自由穿越的玻璃球，但译者认知过程中的个体体验在翻译研究中依然缺席，译者依然仅仅是一个没有躯体体验的主体。

Chillingly, he claimed our technology is 'not nearly as sophisticated' as theirs and "had they been hostile", he warned 'we would be been gone by now'.

令人毛骨悚然的，他声称我们的技术是'并不那么复杂，像他们一样，和"如果他们敌意"，他警告说，'我们将现在已经过去了。