查询词典 flux of radiation

For the turbulent developing flow of absorbing and isotropic scattering medium in a circular tube, the steady state heat flux of the coupled heat transfer of turbulent convection and thermal radiation under constant wall heat flux was investigated numerically.

对圆管内物性随温度变化的吸收-各向同性散射介质的湍流入口段，数值研究了定热流加热下辐射与湍流正在发展流耦合换热的稳态热流特征。

When blanket is designed, some necessary data, including tritium breeding ratio, irradiation damage ratio, intensity of activation radiation, magnet and thickness of shield, can be get through neutronics calculation. All of that must base on heat load and neutron power flux of first wall and divertor plate. So, the preparative calculation is prformed for that.

在设计包层时，需要进行中子学计算得到氚增殖率、辐射损伤率、活化放射性强度、磁体及其屏蔽厚度的计算、核加热产生率和冷却系统设计和安排的必要数据，而这一切都必须先知道第一壁和偏滤器靶板的中子壁负荷和热负荷；为此作了必要的先行准备计算工作。

Proton events in general only occur in SAA region while electron events appear at both SAA and polar regions.Electron flux of 0 5～2 0?MeV in polar regions is dominant over that of 2～15?MeV,while at SAA,fluxes from the two channels are about the same.There is a close correlation between energetic particle radiation inside and outside the satellite.

与现有理论模型和国外大致相同轨道上的空间高能辐射环境直接观测资料对比还表明，卫星舱内的辐射与舱外的空间辐射环境是完全相关的，积累的有关资料不但是航天设计和环境应用研究所需的重要参量之一，也是空间物理基础研究特别是辐射带研究的重要数据。

In this paper, we study how to calculate temperature field and radiation flux of infrared target.

针对红外目标的温度场和红外辐射通量的计算进行了研究。

The heat flux distribution of radiation and convection along the width and height of furnace in superheater and reheater zone is obtained By comparison, it can be seen that, although there is deviation between the calculation and measurement results, they are identical qualitatively.

过热器和再热器汽温分布的模拟计算结果与现场实测值进行了比较，两者在定量上尚存在一定的差距，但定性上基本一致。

A prediction model has been proposed to deal with threshold voltage shift as a function of 1MeV neutron flux and gate oxide thickness, and to deal with room-temperature annealing of threshold voltage shift induced-by 〓Coγ as a function of electric field and gate oxide thickness. The commonness and individuality of MOS device degradation between hot-carrier effect and ionizing radiation were investigated. The dependence of substrate current, gate current and threshold voltage shift due to hot-carrier on gate oxide thickness were simulated with MEDICI-2D simulator. The photocurrents of PN junction and bipolar transistor were studied. Their transient responses on varied bias voltages, pulse durations and absorbed doses were simulated. The influences of NPN base width on base and collector photocurrents were investigated. We also studied 1MeV neutron displacement damage in PN junction, and calculated reverse current leakage under the neutron flux of 2. 67×10〓 per square centimeter. 3 The study of nondestructive screening method for MOS radiation tolerance A theoretical and experimental study of nondestructive screening methods for radiation tolerance of nMOS and pMOS were firstly fulfilled. We determined the informative parameters pertinent to the method and proposed how to deal with experimental data and verify obtained results statistically, as well as make the required steps for nondestructive screening. Based on the experimental data of 180 samples of discrete pMOS devices, the relation between sample quantity and correlation coefficient, screening equation, and other significant results were obtained from the threshold voltage shifts of pre-and post-irradiation samples.

二、分立器件电离和位移辐射损伤响应研究在国内首次开展了电离辐射引起的氧化层阈值电压漂移和退火理论研究，编程计算了1MeV中子引起的MOS器件阈值电压漂移与中子通量及栅氧厚度的关系，计算了〓Coγ光子引起的阈值电压漂移及退火的时效曲线与纵向电场和栅氧厚度的关系等，对评估MOS型集成电路电离损伤和加固方法研究，以及论文中开展的MOSFETs无损筛选方法研究奠定了基础；分析了MOS器件热载流子损伤效应与辐射电离损伤效应之间的异同性，利用二维模拟软件MEDICI-2D模拟了衬底电流和栅电流，在不同栅氧厚度下随栅压的变化曲线，计算了热载流子效应造成的阈值电压漂移，研究结果对当前存在的以热载流子效应研究取代电离辐射损伤实验研究的设想，具有重要的参考价值；开展了PN结和双极晶体管电离光电流研究，计算了不同偏压、不同辐射脉宽和不同吸收剂量下PN结光电流的瞬时响应，计算了不同辐射脉宽下NPN晶体管基极电流和收集极电流的瞬时响应，以及基区宽度对NPN晶体管光电流的影响，研究结果对双极器件抗电离辐射损伤响应及加固方法研究具有重要意义；在国内首次开展了器件位移损伤的理论研究，分析了辐射产生的缺陷对电性能的影响，计算了注量为2.67×10〓cm〓的1MeV中子产生的缺陷对PN结反向电流的影响。

Moreover, the incidence of solar flares and the flux of solar cosmic rays, ultraviolet radiation and x-radiation all vary directly with the sunspot cycle.

此外，太阳耀斑的入射和太阳宇宙射线的流量，紫外线和x光线都直接随着太阳黑子的周期而变化。

In order to use IR radiation characteristics for separating targets from decoys this paper obtains their spectral radiant flux first by way of theoretical calculation. This part of the paper makes progress as follows: 1 Spectral radiant flux of three kinds of simple or complex targets and their corresponding decoys can be calculated.

本文针对大气层外目标及其伴飞诱饵的识别问题，主要进行了下面三个方面的工作：一、目标及其诱饵的红外辐射特性的理论计算为了把红外辐射特性用于区分目标和诱饵，首先必须获取它们的红外辐射特性。

In order to analyze the relationship between radiation heat transfer and thermo-efficiency, the radiant heat flux of the cylinder and thermal balance are measured. The results show that: The reduction of thermal radiant flux in the cylinder is the primary cause of the improvement of thermal efficiency of the engine.

为了研究发动机热效率和辐射传热量变化之间的关系，利用辐射传感器测量了柴油机燃用DMC柴油混合燃料后缸内辐射传热量，进行了热平衡实验，分析结果表明，添加含氧燃料后，发动机缸内辐射传热量的减少是导致其有效热效率的提高的主要原因。

The research results show that the spectral variation of visible radiation from the target observed by the synchronous satellite is the same as that of the direct sunlight radiation, the spectral radiant flux of the target observed by the low orbit satellite is three orders higher than that observed by the synchronous satellite in magnitude, and the spectral radiant flux of the target observed by the midorbit satellite is one order higher than that observed by the synchronous satellite in magnitude.

研究结果表明：在可见光波段，目标对同步卫星辐射的光谱变化规律与太阳直射辐射的光谱变化一致，低轨卫星上观测目标的光谱辐射热流比同步卫星上观测的结果大3个数量级，中轨卫星上观测目标的光谱辐射热流比同步卫星上观测的结果大1个数量级。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。