查询词典 flow of scalar field

Experiment results indicate that the magnetic fluid flux has a direct relation with the magnetic field under the effect of traveling wave magnetic field. The bigger the magnetic field is, the more the flux is, when the structure of the magnetic fluid travellig pump and the saturation magnetization of magnetic fluid are constant. The volumes of the magnetic fluid from the travelling wave pump increase from 1.9 ml to 3.1 ml, when the magnetic field intensity increases from 25 900 A/m to 40 000 A/m. In addition, the change rate of the magnetic fluid decreases with the increase of the magnetic field due to the effect of magnetic field on magnetic fluid viscosity. The bigger the saturation magnetization of the magnetic fluid is, the more the flux is.

结果表明，行波磁场作用下的磁性流体流量与磁场的强度有直接关系：在磁性流体行波泵结构和磁性流体饱和磁化强度相同的条件下，磁场强度越强，其流量越大；当磁场强度从25900A/m增加到40000A/m时，单位时间内从行波泵内流出的磁性流体的体积由1.9 ml增加到3.1 ml；随着磁场强度的不断增加，磁性流体流量的变化率由于磁场对其粘度的影响而减小；而磁性流体的饱和磁化强度越大，其流量也越大。

The following are main contents studied: A finite element method for Navier-Stokes equation with ALE formulation is considered and by combined with theNewmark method of numerical intergration a pressure correction scheme is obtained for the solution of the FE formulation of N-S equation. Because the incompressibility condition can be satisfied approximately in this scheme, the interpolation functions of elements can be equalorder for the velocity field and pressure field. In the ALE formulation the fluid-solid interaction analysis became a three-field coupling problem of the fluid field, the solid field and the fluid dynamic mesh. The properties and charactiristices of this three-field coupling problem are deeply discussed.

研究的主要内容有：主容器中流体大晃动是一种强非线性问题，文中研究了求解ALE描述的粘性流体N-S方程的有限元方法，以有利于大晃动自由液面的跟踪和流体大晃动中非线性现象的描述；并结合Newmark数值积分法推出了求解ALE型N-S方程的压力修正解法，由于这种解法可以近似满足不可压条件，因此可以采用速度场和压力场等阶插值的有限元离散格式，从而较好地解决了普遍采用的不等阶插值解法中，速度场和压力场数值精度不一致、程序编制不便等的不足。

On the basis of the flow field, scalar transport equation was used to compute the gas residence time distribution.

在此基础上，采用标量输运方程研究了气体在旋风分离器内的停留时间分布规律。

The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面：(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型，并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题，如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题，为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础；(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布，并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律；(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标，首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念：即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV；基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV；基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV；以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV，并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法，还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算；(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果，研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象，并探讨了热分层的基本规律，首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式；(5)在暖通空调领域，首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备，完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验，并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比，说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

First, the typhoon flow field is decomposed into two parts: the maximum asymmetric vortex and irrotational environmental flow field. Then the maximum asymmetric vortex is also decomposed into two parts: the maximum symmetric vortex and β-gyres. Finally, typhoon Pearl(2006) is simulated by WRF model(weather research and forcasting model), and flow fields at various times at 500hPa...

首先，将台风的流场分解成最大的、不对称的涡旋流场和无旋流场；然后将不对称的涡旋流场分解成最大的对称涡旋和不对称的β涡旋对；最后，利用WRF(weather research and forcasting)模式(V2.1.2)模拟了200601号珍珠台风，并对各时次的500hPa风场用该方法进行分解，结果表明：该方法对台风的运动机理研究和实际的台风路径预测提供了有价值的信息。

Using FLUENT, a large-scale fluid project emulation software, a numerical simulation for cleaning air flow field were made, the intact equivalence line chart and vector graph of the air flow speed distribution were obtained, which provide more overall understanding to the cleaning air flow field speed distribution.

利用大型流体工程仿真软件FLUENT，对清选气流场进行了数值模拟，获得了完整的清选气流速度分布的等值线图和矢量图，对清选气流场的分布有了更全面的了解。

By a series field observation data, an empirical equation of mean velocity of viscous debris flow was got. The velocity calculated by the asymmetric coefficients, bottom slope and hydraulic radius of flow. It is good at both high resistance and low resistance area of debris flows. It is good consistent for the measuring velocity of otherwise field observation data of debris flow and viscous mudflow by this empirical equation.

由一系列野外观测资料得到的由泥石流不均匀系数、泥石流运动底部纵比降和水力半径计算的粘性泥石流运动平均速度经验公式，能适应各种类型的泥石流沟，与其它系列的观测资料对比有很好的一致性，与粘性泥流的观测资料对比也很接近。

By means of flow field software PHOENICS,the flow field of four-strand T type tundish in a specific steel plant is simulated in this paper and the velocity vector diagram and streamline graph of the hot metal flowing under different settings of the flow control device s are analyzed and compared.

应用流场计算软件PHOENICS对某厂四流T型中间包流场进行了数值模拟，分析比较了不同控流装置下钢液流动的速度矢量图和流线图。

The study aims at the performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with interdigitated flow field, its influencing factors and feasible ways to improve it. The necessity and advantages of using interdigitated flow field were introduced. A three-dimensional, two-phase and steady-state numerical model was developed. The computational domain of the model consists of the flow channels, gas diffusion layers and catalyst layers in both anode and cathode sides and the PEM in PEM fuel cell.

为研究交指流场质子交换膜燃料电池的输出性能，分析影响其性能的因素，寻找改善其性能的可行措施，探讨了使用交指流场流道的必要性和优越性，建立了包括质子交换膜燃料电池阴极／阳极侧流道、扩散层和催化层以及质子交换膜在内的完整的稳态、三维、两相数学模型。

Methods For example simulated habitation cabin on ground, the air flow field distribution of habitation cabin was supplied through 2 modes, step air supply channel and perforated plate, and was analyzed with digital simulation and experiment. In addition, effect of inter-module flow on flow field was studied.

以某地面模拟居住舱为例，采用实验和数值模拟的方法给出梯形送风管道及孔板进风支管出流两种方案下居住舱的流场分布，并预测了舱段间回风对舱内流场的影响。

Then the BP neural network trained by this algorithm is applied into function approximation.

并将算法训练后的BP神经网络运用到函数逼近中去。

He says artesunate and mefloquine could have a use in places like E e astern Africa where there are high levels of resistance to several drugs.

他说青蒿琥酯和甲氟喹可以在像东非那样的地方使用，在那里好几种药物的抗药性程度很高。