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In the present study, three different blood constitutive models, namely, the Newtonian, the Casson and the hybrid fluid constitutive models were used in the flow simulation of the human carotid bifurcation. The results were compared among the three models.

为此，本文采用数值方法比较了三种不同血液本构关系（牛顿模型，Casson模型和混合模型）所模拟的血液在颈动脉分岔血管内的流动情况。

It is proposed that the appearance of a new kind of mud additive can not represent the formation of a new mud system . The main influence factors of flow resistance at drill bit nozzle are solid content , particle size distribution and hydrophilicity of solid . It is not suitable to use high shear viscosity of both Casson rheology model and determined to predict drilling efficiency .

全面、系统地论述了处理剂和泥浆体系的关系；聚合物的使用浓度应突破全絮凝点，实现低固相应以发挥聚合物的抑制作用为主，絮凝作用为辅；影响钻头水眼处流动阻力的主要因素是泥浆中的固相含量、粒度分布及固相的亲水性，用η_∞代表钻头水眼粘度是欠妥的；聚合物泥浆处理剂的发展主要是开发新的单体和研究新的复配物。

Combining the constitutive equation of Casson fluid with the force-balance relation and the energy equations of non-Newtonian fluid, the velocity and temperature profiles for pipe flow of Casson fluid are obtained.

结合Casson流体的本构方程、力平衡关系式及非牛顿流体能量方程，得出了Casson流体管流速度分布及温度分布。

On this foundation, the factor that discussed shadow castanet form and control are politic, right the defect that causes by strip steel temperature, through laminar flow refrigeration is obtained good the discussion that the strategy of board form made a focal point.

在此基础上，讨论了影响板形的因素和控制策略，并对由带钢温度引起的缺陷，经过层流冷却获得良好板形的策略做了重点的讨论。

The chondrocytes of different generation were observed with light-microscope and transmission electron microscope for cellular growth and ultromicrostructure, with the method of MTT assay for grow curve and proliferation, with alcian blue test for GAG of ECM, with immuocytochemistry and RT-PCR (reverse transcript -polymerase chain reaction)for type Ⅱcollagen, with flow cytometry for cell life cycle ,histochemistry for S-A-β-galand so on by which to identify cataplasia and senescence of chondrocytes cultured in vitro.

对软骨细胞退变老化进行观察，采用相差显微镜观察其生长情况，透射电镜观察细胞结构，阿力新蓝染色检测胞外基质硫酸GAG含量和结构，免疫细胞化学法和RT-PCR方法检测Ⅱ型胶原鉴定软骨细胞，以MTT比色法描绘生长曲线、检测生长状态，组化法检测老化相关β-半乳糖苷酶，流式细胞仪分析细胞周期和增殖指数。3。

The third passage chondrocytes were divided into blank group, different desity PAP groups, different desity glucosaminsalfate groups which were passaged to 4th generation and contrast to the 2nd passage group. The chondrocytes of different groups were detected with the method of histochemistry for S-A-β-gal,and with alcian blue test for the content and constructure of GAG of ECM, immuocytochemistry for type Ⅱcollagen and PCNA, MTT assay for proliferation, RT-PCR for type Ⅱcollagen and Aggrecan, flow cytometry for cell life cycle and proliferation index,by which to observe PAP's function regarding to the appearance and functional status in the process of chondrocyte's cataplasia and senescence.

将P3软骨细胞分为空白对照组、鹿茸多肽不同浓度组、硫酸氨基葡萄糖不同浓度组进行传代培养，同时以P2代软骨细胞为对照组，进行组化检测老化相关β-半乳糖苷酶，阿力新蓝染色检测胞外基质硫酸GAG含量和结构，MTT比色检测增殖，免疫细胞化检测PCNA和Ⅱ型胶原，RT-PCR检测Ⅱ型胶原、Aggrecan蛋白，流式细胞仪分析细胞周期和增殖指数等方法，对鹿茸多肽抗软骨细胞退变老化进行分子生物学研究。4。

The 3rdpassage chondrocytes were divided into blank group, different concentration PAP groups,different concentration glucosaminsalfate groups and were sequently passaged to 4thgeneration. The 2nd passage chondrocytes was contrasted as young cells group. Thechondrocytes of different groups were detected with the methods of histochemistry forS-A-β-gal, and with alcian blue test for the content and constructure of GAG of ECM,immuocytochemistry for typeⅡcollagen and PCNA, MTT assay for proliferation, RT-PCRfor typeⅡcollagen and Aggrecan, flow cytometry for cell life cycle and proliferationindex,by which to observe PAP"s function regarding to the appearance and functional status inthe process of chondrocyte"s cataplasia and senescence.

将P3软骨细胞分为空白对照组、鹿茸多肽不同浓度组、硫酸氨基葡萄糖不同浓度组进行传代培养，同时以P2代软骨细胞为对照组，进行组化检测老化相关β-半乳糖苷酶，阿力新蓝染色检测胞外基质硫酸GAG含量和结构，MTT比色检测增殖，免疫细胞化检测PCNA和Ⅱ型胶原，RT-PCR检测Ⅱ型胶原、Aggrecan蛋白，流式细胞仪分析细胞周期和增殖指数等方法，对鹿茸多肽抗软骨细胞退变老化进行分子生物学研究。4。

This phenomenon cannot be explained by the conventional speed-flow-concentration relationship, while catastrophe theory provided a rational way.

传统的交通流模型无法处理这种现象，突变理论则给出了合理的解释。

Traffic engineering, data gap, review, catastrophe theory, traffic flow theory

交通工程，数据间隙，综述，突变理论，交通流理论

The researches on data gaps at home and abroad were summarized. Based on an introduction of catastrophe theory, the development and current research on the application of the theory in traffic flow theory were generalized. Furthermore, the application prospect of the theory was forecast.

本文总结了数据间隙的研究，介绍了突变理论的基本内容，综述了国内外应用突变理论解决交通流数据间隙问题的研究历史和现状，展望了突变理论应用的前景。

Objective To investigate the relationship between ovum fertilization rate and sperm morphology, acrosome reaction in IVF and to explore the influence of parameters of sperm on fertilization rate.

目的 研究体外受精(in vitro fertilization，IVF)中精子形态、顶体反应与卵子受精率之间的关系，分析精子各参数在IVF受精率方面的参考意义。

A: I hear Mr. White wants to run for the Presidency!

我听说怀特先生要参加总统竞选！