查询词典 flood discharge

In this paper, the horizontal 2-D numerical model is applied to model the rule of discharge variation at the entrance of the flood diversion area.

本文将通过平面二维水流数学模型来研究分蓄洪区口门的流量变化规律。

Sediment from river is not the main source of the Rushan Bay now any more ,which leads to the change of balance of sedimentation power. Sediment will transport because of the drive of hydrodynamic elements in macroscopic view .Direction of suspended load is basicly the same as tidal current .Flood tide makes suspended load transport to tip of the inner Bay and to the Mouth in exterior Bay .The direction of longside sediment transport in two sides of the Mouth mainly focus in the Mouth .Because the coastline along the exterior Bay is very meandering and it belongs to the type of bedrock ,besides some sediment going into the inner Bay ,so actual net sediment discharge rate is less than calculation .It develops an ebb delta out of the Mouth and forms tidal sand ridge ,tidal washing canal ,barrier bar and marine physiognomy ;The result of model simulation disclosures that differences of sediment erosion and siltation between single tidal action and wave-current action are very big .From the analysis of sediment composition、sediment sources and stability of beach and ridge ,this article gets the conclusion that the channel has the possibility to silt ,though the course maybe very slow.

通过分析研究文章得出如下结论：沉积物平面分布与水动力的时空变化存在很好的相关性；口门外发育落潮流三角洲，形成潮流沙脊、潮流冲刷槽、浅滩、拦门沙等水下动力地貌；乳山湾河流来沙已不是湾内泥沙主要来源导致沉积水动力平衡发生改变，宏观上表现在泥沙受水动力驱动发生不断运移；悬沙运移方向与涨潮流方向基本一致，湾内涨潮流带来的悬移质泥沙向湾顶运移，湾外悬移质泥沙主要向口门方向运移；湾口两侧岸段沿岸输沙方向均指向口门方向，由于乳山湾外海岸线曲折，两侧岸段以基岩为主，加之部分泥沙进入湾内，实际净输沙量小于计算值；数值模拟发现潮流单独作用与波流共同作用下泥沙蚀淤模拟差别较大；从沉积物组成、泥沙来源及滩槽稳定性三个方面分析，文章认为研究区存在航道淤积的可能性，但过程相对较慢。

Based on the unique characteristics of the Yellow River and previous research on its ecological water requirement, the present paper recommends that the water requirement for transport in the flood season and base ecological flow in non-flood season should be both included in the ecological water requirement. The water requirement for transport is 80 × 108-120 × 108 m3 per year if the bankfull discharge carries the largest sediment and contaminant load over a long period of time. The base ecological flows in non-flood season at Huayuankou and Lijin stations are 80 × 108-100×108 m3 and 50 × 108-60 × 108 m3, respectively.

通过分析黄河下游1958～2000年实测生态可用水，探讨生态需水量内涵，根据黄河特殊性及黄河生态需水量的研究现状，将维持和保护河流功能的黄河下游生态需水量分为汛期输运水量和非汛期生态基流量，在平滩流量输运能力最强的前提下，估算黄河下游汛期输运水量为80～120亿m3，根据实测资料估算作为黄河下游水量控制断面花园口水文站和作为河口地区水量控制断面利津水文站的非汛期生态基分别为80～100亿m3和50～60亿m3。

Channel shrinkage ; overbank flood ; bank-flush discharge ; sediment deposition on flood plain and scouring in main channel ; water and sediment diversion ; river channel above Taochengpu on lower Yellow River

河槽萎缩；漫滩洪水；平滩流量；淤滩刷槽；调水调沙；黄河下游陶城铺以上河道

It conducts thorough analysis on testing results of open sluicing of the reservoir during flood season in last three years and points out the fact that after scouring by a certain discharge, the reservoir will be difficult to be scoured even if bigger discharge comes.

对近三年来三门峡水库汛期敞泄排沙的试验结果进行了较为深入的分析，指出三门峡水库经过一定流量冲刷后，即令再来大流量也难以冲刷的事实，充分说明了水库冲刷与淤积并不是完全可逆的。

Firstly, the flood control regulation of TGP in Sep is computed based on the analyses on the inflow in Sep and Oct, and the risk and loss on the ahead impounding scheme is calculated and analyzed. Then, the storage level, power production and releasing discharge are achieved by computing on the electricity generation model through reservoir regulation graph. Thirdly, obstruction in channel is analyzed and the problem in the Chongqing reach is more serious in 175-145-155m scheme. The sediment aggrading process and distribution on different schemes is calculated by 1-D reservoir mathematical model. The navigation benefit is computed by navigation model. Based on above calculations, the impounding time is decided by the multi-purpose decision model, and evaluate by analytical hierarchy and balance layout model. A best impounding scheme is achieved to match the requirement of flood control electricity generation and navigation et al.

首先，在对宜昌站9、10月份来水分析的基础上，采用第2章建立的防洪优化调度子模型进行了三峡水库9月份防洪调度，分析了汛末提前不同天蓄水对防洪的影响，计算了汛末不同蓄水方案水库9月份的洪灾风险率和风险损失；接着，根据第2章建立的发电调度子模型进行了三峡水库发电调度计算，得出了不同蓄水方案下水库的坝前水位、发电量及下泄流量过程；然后，分析了175-145-155m方案下三峡水库的碍航问题，指出175-145-155m方案下重庆河段的碍航问题最为严重，通过进行不同蓄水方案下水库一维泥沙冲淤计算，得出了不同蓄水方案下库区淤积过程及分布，并通过航运调度子模型，计算了不同蓄水方案下水库的航运效益；最后，根据以上防洪、发电及航运调度计算的结果，运用第3章水沙多目标决策模型对水库的蓄水时间进行了多目标决策，并采用层次加权均衡规划模型对计算结果进行评价，得到一个能满足水库防洪、发电及航运各方面要求的最佳蓄水方案。

By theory analyzing and example calculation and comparison, the conclusion is obtained that the traditional inferential method can be applied in the design flood peak flow calculation, yet it cannot truly express the runoff process of the rain drainage inlet, the instantaneous unit hydrograph depending on the real and actual datum is different to be used in the runoff discharge hydrograph calculation, and the no linearity reservoir means and the isochronal method have some physics base and its parameters easily evaluated and its runoff discharge hydrograph still more is close to practice.

5通过城市雨水地表汇流特性及计算方法的理论分析、实例计算和对比得出：传统推理法可应用于城市设计洪峰流量的计算，但不能真实地反映雨水口径流流量过程；瞬时单位线法等对实测资料有较大依赖，难以应用于城市径流流量过程线的计算；非线性水库法和等流时线法的径流流量过程线接近实际。

In winter, snow accumulates and melts fast in spring. Snowmelt flood and a summer flood display a double peak pattern of discharge route. In order to simulate the precipitation-runoff features in semi-arid regions, an Atmosphere-Vegetation Interaction model with detailed energy and water transfer processes between atmosphere, vegetation and soil was used.

由于这些特点，在地表水量平衡的计算和模拟中，蒸发的估算十分重要，为此在植被-大气相互作用模式中对水文过程作了改进，模式中包含了大气-植被-土壤间的能量和水分传输过程，特别是半干旱区地表蒸发和植被的蒸腾过程作了比较细致的处理，考虑了蓄满和超渗两种产流机制，同时采用了一个简化的雪盖模型。

Tailing buildups on the river channel are very extensive and thick and have high contents of heavy metals such as As, Pb, Zn and Cd, which, in addition to directly jeopardizing the quality of water environment, has resulted in the decrease in the flood discharge capacity and increase in the flooded area.

河床上的尾砂沉积范围广、厚度大，重金属As、Pb、Zn、Cd含量非常高，除直接危害了水环境质量外，还造成河道泄洪能力下降和洪水淹没范围的扩大，构成时沿江土壤环境和生态环境的严重威胁。

Based on the data analysis and numerical simulation, the Arctic sea ice climate variability was researched, the result were as following:(1) The analysis on the seasonal cycle of the Arctic Ocean and atmosphere showed that: The seasonal surface wind is somewhat trade wind like in some regions in the Arctic. The surface air temperature is robustly determined from the underlying environments such as sea ice and Greenland glaciers. In the sea ice region the precipitation rate is larger than that of evaporation. Furthermore, the Arctic Ocean hydrology is profoundly influenced by the surrounding rivers discharge. These are the decisive factors on the ocean salinity pattern. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait is larger in winter than in summer. From the 40s in the 20th century on, the ice volume flux has an increasing trend. The Arctic rivers flood season is about the melt period, the winter rivers discharge has a significant increasing. Correlation analysis shows that 7 to 10 years is a characteristic time scale that rivers discharge leads Fram Strait ice volume export.(2) Considering 9 major arctic rivers, the Arctic Ocean circulation was simulated through BOM. The result shows that: The BOM can reproduce the main Arctic Ocean circulation pattern. The"Islandization"which is commonly used in OGCMs to treat the North Pole, not only influences the ocean current near the pole, but also influences the current in the Northern Atlantic Ocean, thus the bogus island might influence global climate through thermohaline circulation in the Atlantic Ocean.

在资料分析和数值模拟的基础上，对北极海冰的气候变率进行了深入的研究，结果如下：(1)对北极地区大气和海洋季节循环特征的分析表明，气候平均风场在部分地区具有&信风&的性质；而气温场与海冰分布及格陵兰半岛冰原的下垫面特征有密切关系；在北极海冰区的降水量大于蒸发量，并且在全球大洋中北冰洋受到河流径流的影响最大，对北冰洋的盐度分布有决定作用；通过弗瑞姆海峡的海冰通量在冬半年大于夏半年，并且从20世纪40年代起，海冰的体积输送有增加趋势；北极河流的汛期主要在融化季节，冬季的河流流量有显著增加的趋势；相关分析表明7到10年是北极河流流量影响弗瑞姆海峡海冰体积输送的一个特征时间尺度；(2)采用BOM海洋模式对北冰洋海洋环流进行了模拟研究，在模式中考虑了北极9条主要河流的作用，结果表明该海洋模式可以较好模拟出北冰洋海洋环流的基本特征；多数大洋环流模式采用&北极岛化&的方法处理北极点，模拟结果表明&北极岛化&不仅影响到极点附近的海流，还会对相对较远的北大西洋海流造成影响，并可能通过大西洋的热盐环流对全球气候产生影响；(3)采用CSIM4海冰模式对北极海冰的气候态进行了模拟。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了