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Digital image process technique is used in pantographic faults monitoring, and a new algorithm named window-edge tracking is proposed in this paper. Based on the binary image of edges which is detected by Canny operator, a window in proper size is set to track the discontinuous edges to estimate the position of the lost edges. With this method continuous edges will be obtained, and continuous and smooth edges will be got after least-squares curve-fitting.

中文摘要：将数字图像处理技术应用于受电弓故障监测，提出一种新型的窗口边缘跟踪算法，在采用Canny算子计算出边缘二值图的基础上，设置适当大小的窗口对初始不连续边缘进行遍历，估计断点处边缘点位置获得连续边缘，并采用最小二乘法拟和出连续平滑的曲线函数。

In this dissertation,Co-Cr2O3 and Fe-Cr2O3 granular films with superiorproperties have been successfully fabricated by RF co-sputtering technique underroom and 77K substrate temperatures for the first time.The microstructure,electrical transport and magnetic properties as well as their relation to TMR effectare systematically investigated by various techniques such as X-Ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,electrical diffraction,X-Rayphotoelectron spectroscopyand VSM,etc.,the change of electrical transportand magnetic properties in these films with their microstructure is also shown.Someinteresting and valuable results have been obtained after the theoretical fitting ofexperimental data with the existed theory.The temperature dependence of TMReffects in these films and the way to get larger TMR effect is also studied.Our mainprincipal results obtained are as follows:(1)Microstructure and Magnetism

在本论文中，我们采用射频共溅射方法，在室温及77K的衬底温度下首次成功地制备了性能优异的Co-Cr2O3及Fe-Cr2O3系列颗粒薄膜，并利用X-Ray衍射、透射电镜、电子衍射、X-Ray光电子谱及宏观电性及磁性测量等手段详细地研究了Co-Cr2O3颗粒膜的微结构、电性、磁性及它们与TMR效应之间的关系，系统地研究了薄膜的电性和磁性随薄膜微结构的变化，通过实验数据点的理论拟合，得出了一些有价值的物理信息，探讨了磁电阻效应的温度依赖性及获得较大TMR效应的途径，主要内容可概括如下

But when we see a lot of framed timbers, different portions of which we know have been gotten out at different times and places and by different workmen,--Stephen, Franklin, Roger, and James, for instance,--and when we see these timbers joined together, and see they exactly make the frame of a house or a mill, all the tenons and mortices exactly fitting, and all the lengths and proportions of the different pieces exactly adapted to their respective places, and not a piece too many or too few, not omitting even scaffolding--or, if a single piece be lacking, we see the place in the frame exactly fitted and prepared to yet bring such piece in--in such a case we find it impossible not to believe that Stephen and Franklin and Roger and James all understood one another from the beginning, and all worked upon a common plan or draft drawn up before the first blow was struck....

然而，当我们看到这许多木料组成的构架，它们不同的部件在不同的时间和地点由不同的工匠所造出──斯蒂芬、弗兰克林、罗杰和詹姆斯等等──当我们看到这些木料拼在一起，看到它们天衣无缝地组成了一座房子或一间工作坊的构架，所有的掉头和榫眼密切结合，一切构件的长度和大小都使其精确地各归其位，一块也不多，一块也不少，甚至也没忘了搭置脚手架──或者说如果构件少了一块的话，构架上也留下了一处空位来补其所缺──在这种情况下，我们觉得不可能不相信斯蒂芬、弗兰克林、罗杰和詹姆斯从一开头就心照不宣，共同制定出一个计划或方案，然后打出第一拳

In recent years, LMS technique outstands in mushrooming methods about fitting percentile curves, which had been widely used to establish normal references in many countries and areas worldwide, mainly on indicators as height, weight and BMI.

近些年关于拟合百分位数曲线标准的文献层出不穷，偏度均值变异系数法技术可谓一枝独秀，目前广泛用于许多国家及地区的生长发育百分位数标准曲线制订，主要应用于儿少身高、体重及BMI领域。

The boundary being in progress first to the concept subleasing to fixes the main body of a book , compares with to renting right ceding to waiting for the close concept to carry out analysis again , lists and then the comparison carrying out concrete analysis in every country to the legislation pattern and legislation reason subleasing behavior, and to the advantages and disadvantages that lower be unlike legislation pattern be subleased to stipulates; After the secondary , the main body of a book emphasizing the character having analysed a leasehold, have set forth the effect and law consequence subleasing a contract under agreement subleases to and subleases to presumptuously situation respectively , have assumed and parallel comparatively detailed analysis , have discussed problem such as often arousing some problem of dispute in subleasing process , how to handling if the building is subleased to if time of middle lessee enjoy the right of preemption and the lessor , the dispute that the lessee and time of lessee produce because of the fitting up responds to and; Final, the main body of a book have pointed out nowadays"s defect and deficiency about the legal system aspect subleasing to , have set forth and the advantage adopting the liberalism legislation pattern, the conclusion, joins the tendentiousness reaching the liberalism pattern ultimately according with a contract of lease of property function effect more having submitted the suggestion and tentative plan stipulating a few"s to perfect current laws.

本文首先对转租的概念进行界定，再与租赁权让与等相近概念进行分析比较，然后列举各国对转租行为的立法模式及立法理由，并对不同立法模式下的转租规定的利弊进行具体分析比较；其次，本文在着重分析了租赁权的性质后，分别阐述了在同意转租和擅自转租情况下转租合同的效力及法律后果，并作了比较详细的比较分析，并探讨了在转租过程中经常引起争议的一些问题，如房屋转租中次承租人是否享有优先购买权及出租人、承租人与次承租人因装修产生的纠纷应如何处理等问题；最后，本文指出了现今关于转租的法律制度方面的缺陷和不足，并阐述了采取自由主义立法模式的优势，最终得出自由主义模式更符合租赁合同的功能作用的倾向性结论，并提出了对完善现行法律规定一些的建议和设想。

Following, a experiment has been carried out, the incident waves with a frequency band of 200kHz-3 50kHz are used to the experiment, and a series of peak value-time curves are drawn each 10kHz, corresponding time are found through fitting peak value, thus the position of the defect is calculated accurately. The application of awl-shaped sensor head in the heat change water pipe experiment indicates that the ultrasonic guided waves may transmit nearly 50 meters in the pipe, which is not influenced by the elbows and makes it possible to test defects in long distance and large-scale. The water-load pipe experiment indicates that the displace and energy maybe leakage at the near-surface, which is significant for the further research.

而后，采用200kHz至350kHz频段的入射波进行了实验验证，并每隔10kHz绘出一条峰值一时间的曲线，通过拟合峰值点，找到对应的时间，从而准确的计算出了缺陷的所在；应用锥形探头的热交换水管的实验表明，超声导波可以在管道中传播了近50米的距离，且不受弯头的影响，从而使得长范围、大规模检测成为可能，水载管实验说明了离面位移和能量可能会发生泄漏的特性，为导波的深入研究和应用作了铺垫。

Compared with the exponent function, the power function can be more suitable for fitting the change of chemicals concentrations in runoff under unsaturated conditions from the loess slope,as well as,the mass loss of potassium and bromine in runoff,but not for initial phase. The study offered a reference for developing the model of soil nutrient in runoff transport of the loess slope.

同时利用两种类型描述径流养分浓度模型对实测资料进行分析，结果显示与指数函数模型相比较，采用幂函数模型能够较好地模拟黄土坡面非饱和条件下径流溶质浓度变化过程，同时幂函数模型也能够较好地描述径流中钾离子和溴离子的质量变化过程，为进一步完善黄土坡面径流养分迁移模拟模型提供了参考。

The thermal transpiration of three capacitance diaphragm gauges was experimentally studied for gases of N2, He and Ar in the pressure range of 10^(-2)Pa to 102 Pa. The correction equation for each gas species was derived by fitting the pressures measured with a CDG in the pressure range in which strong thermal transpiration can be observed.

利用N2、He、Ar三种气体对三只电容薄膜规在10^(-2)Pa~10^2Pa的热流逸效应进行了研究，对实验数据进行拟合，得到每种气体在热流逸效应产生区间CDG示值压强的拟合公式，并用实验验证了公式的准确性。

Moreover, in like manner the Spirit also joins in to help us in our weakness, for we do not know for what we should pray as is fitting, but the Spirit Himself intercedes for us with groanings which cannot be uttered.

罗 8：26 和合本况且我们的软弱有圣灵帮助，我们本不晓得当怎样祷告，只是圣灵亲自用说不出来的叹息替我们祷告。

Moreover, in like manner the Spirit also joins in to help us in our weakness, for we do not know for what we should pray as is fitting, but the Spirit Himself intercedes for us with groanings which cannot be uttered.

8：26 况且，那灵也照样帮同担负我们的软弱；我们本不晓得当怎样祷告，只是那灵亲自用说不出来的叹息，为我们代求。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。