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The algorithm included three steps: Firstly, the text subregion was selected adaptively according to the feature that the edges contained in text regions was stronger than those in nontext regions; Secondly, the blank bars between two text lines were extracted by blank blocks searching; Thirdly, the skew angle of blank bar was calculated by directional fitting, and this skew angle was just the document skew angle.

该方法首先通过对梯度图像的统计分析，自适应地选取到了包含文字的特征子区；在特征子区内，论文把文字行间的空白条带看作一条隐含的线，用优化理论计算出空白条带的倾斜角度，这也就是文本的倾斜角度。

It comprises an in-put shaft hinged to its yoke through one axis, and an out-put shaft also hinged to its yoke through another axis, and these two yokes (13) were combined together by only one axis position, perpendicular to that two yoke axes like a cross, so that this combined axis will bend just like the angle bisector of that two shafts to maintain its constant velocity by a few methods, firstly, by using a section of gear teeth mesh at both ends of the shafts' teeth were so polished so that it can turn longitudinally as usual gear, and also sideways, to provide a larger solid angle of turning from ordinary 45 degrees into 60 or even more.

它包括输入轴，其通过一根轴铰链连接于叉形支架，和输出轴，其通过另一根轴也铰链连接于其叉形支架。并且这两个叉形支架(13)只需用一根相对垂直铰链轴相连而组合在一起，使得这种组合的轴总能形成这两个轴的角平分线，以通过少数几种方法保持其恒速，首先，通过用啮合在轴的两端的一段齿轮齿抛光为以能够像普通齿轮一样纵向转动，并且还能够侧向转动，以提供较大的转向立体角，从通常的45度变成60度或更大。

Firstly, from the angle of economic function of knowledge, the modern economysociety is a kind of knowledge-based economy society.

从科技第一生产力的经济功能看，现代经济社会是一种"科技与经济一体化"的经济社会。

Firstly, the inner wall of artillery is illuminated by lighting lamp and then its image is obtained after reflecting by prism,lastly, Angle of twist is calculated through the analysis of digital image.

首先，用光源把身管内壁照亮，然后经过锥镜反射后内壁在CCD相机中成像，最后对该数字图像进行分析，计算得到缠角。

Firstly, to further improve detection accuracy, the tilt angle of the license plate is determined based on the minimum p-th power variance of vertical coordinates of the horizontally projected edge points.

针对常用的旋转投影车牌倾斜检测算法检测精度不高和计算量大的问题，提出一种基于投影坐标p次方差及粒子群的车牌倾斜检测方法。

In this paper, firstly we researched the relationships of the communicating distanceand the channel characteristic, the effect of the multiple scattering to the laserpropagation, the requirement of the laser communication to the ATP system and theway to determine the angular dispersion and receive field of view. It is proved that inlight haze weather, letting the input and output laser\'s wavelength are diferrent witheach other, after passing by the filter, it can avoid backward scattering effectually andfor the communication within 15km, the influence of the multiple scattering inatmosphere can be ignored.

论文对通信距离与信道特性、多次散射对光传输的影响、无线激光通信对ATP带宽的需求以及光束发散角和接收视场角等重要系统性能参数和指标进行了分析和研究，证明了在轻霾天气状态下，使系统中两终端发送的激光束波长各不相同，经过光束滤波，可以有效地消除后向散射干扰；在15km的通信距离范围内，大气中的多次散射对无线激光通信光传输的影响可以忽略。

We firstly bring forward and realize technologies of arbitrarily shaping laser pulse in the time domain by chirped pulse stacking, programmablely shaping spatial intensity by crystal liquid diaphragm, focused spot smoothing using angular spectrum dispersion by special gratings and detecting and compensating the small patch wave front aberration. Precise, programmable, efficient and \'all parameters\' condition of high power laser system has been obtained.

首次提出并实现了啁啾脉冲堆积型的时间波形任意整形；液晶光阀可编程光强空间整形；特殊光栅光谱角色散焦斑束平滑和小尺度波前畸变的探测和补偿，从而对高功率激光系统的激光束实现了高精度、可编程、有效的"全息"控制。

A ship course controller is designed for Norrbin nonlinear ship mathematical model with matching uncertainty. Combining the backstepping algorithm with the nonlinear damping algorithm to design controller, the nonlinear damping is used to cancel the uncertainty. The integral item is introduced in the design to improve the performance of the controller. Now, general ships can only use the electric gyrocompass to measure the course angle, but they have no equipments to measure the angular velocity, so in this article another ship course controller of output feedback is designed for Norrbin nonlinear ship, firstly the angular velocity is estimated by the observer and then the ship course controller is designed.

本文基于含有匹配不确定项的Norrbin非线性船舶数学模型，将backstepping算法和非线性阻尼算法相结合设计船舶航向控制器，利用非线性阻尼来抵消系统的不确定项，同时为了更好地改善系统的性能，在设计过程中引入了积分项；由于目前一般船舶只有电罗经用于测量船舶的航向角，还没有测量船舶航向角速度的设备，因此，针对Norrbin非线性船舶模型设计了一种输出反馈控制器，首先利用观测器对船舶航向角速度进行估计，然后再设计船舶航向控制器。

In order to analyze the vibration characteristics of the high speed dick system,which was an important component of the submuniton angular motion hardware-in-the-loop simulation,the mechanics model was firstly derived.

为了分析子弹角运动半实物仿真装置中快圆运动系统的固有频率及其对整个装置的影响，利用La-grange方程建立了快圆运动系统的动力学方程，得出该系统的质量矩阵和刚度矩阵，对其进行模态分析；同时利用有限元软件仿真，验证了理论分析结果。

Firstly, this article discussed the performance and the operation modes ofseveral kinds of angular transducers, we selected the inductosyn and resolver tobe the unit of angular measurement to make sure the system has adequate angularrange and testing precision.

本论文首先经过比较各种角度传感器的性能以及工作方式，选定以感应同步器和旋转变压器作为角度检测元件，使整个测角系统具有足够的测角范围和测角精度。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。