查询词典 first-order theory

The paper first analyzes the management organization of the owner as for uncommercial government project, then make a suggestion about the management mode of uncommercial government project concerning the reality in china; after we set the management mode, the paper makes an analysis of conduct of main project participants through P-A theory, sets an incentive model to the agents, and makes an analysis about it; at last we try to bring forward some innovations about uncommercial government project management mode.

论文在综述了国内外学者对政府投资项目管理的研究现状，以及项目管理中的激励问题研究现状的基础上，借鉴其成果和实践，运用管理学原理和思想、委托代理经济学理论，对非经营性政府投资项目管理模式及激励机制进行研究。

The ideas of independent music we're advocating currently are undebatable adapted from the western; and this is just the same theory as where science happened to be a happening only at the western country first before the other countries started to acknowledge it.

我们觉得这是一个非常值得思考的问题，我们所提倡的独立音乐，没错都是来自西方的概念，这就好像科学一样，都是西方先有，然后才为世界其地方接受。

First, the partial observability of target parameters when a single observation station moves with uniform velocity and the target moves with a uniform acceleration in the straight line is proved in theory.

首先在理论上证明了目标作匀加速直线运动，单观测站作匀速直线运动时的目标参数的部分可观测性。

In 1936, J.Clarkson first introduced the concept of uniformly convex Banach spaces ,initiated from geometric structure of the unit sphere of Banach spaces to research the properties of Banach spaces, began to research convex theory of Banach spaces. The same year, J.

Clarkson首先引入了一致凸Banach空间的概念，开创了从Banach空间单位球的几何结构出发来研究Banach空间性质的方法，开始了Banach空间凸性理论的研究。

Similarly, investigations on the information encoded in finite physical resources will also be helpful for improving the efficiency of state measurement, storage, etc.. This dissertation focuses on some theoretical investigations of quantum state estimation together with discrimination process, and is organized as follows. In the first chapter, we introduce some basic concepts and related background materials, including the theory of quantum operation and unitary group representation, which is helpful for understanding the following content of this dissertation.

在量子密码通信的安全性研究中，测量可获取信息直接关系到窃听能否成功，这实际上对应于量子态的操作和识别过程；在量子通信信道容量、以及态编码的研究中，考察如何利用有限的物理资源标识尽可能多的量子态信息，对提高信息测量、存储的效率都很好的指导意义。

In the first part, it was investigated the interaction between Pb2+ and La4Ti9O24 ceramic bulk. The result shows that a significant Pb2+ diffusion into La4Ti9O24 ceramic bulk and a significant crystallization of the La2/3TiO3-type phase is clearly observed in the Pb2+ diffusion layer. The reacted zone consists of the La2/3TiO3-type phase exhibits the linear dependence of the square of the thickness, x, on the heat-treated time, t, in excellent agreement with the parabolic law x2 = kt, where k is the growth rate coefficient. The kinetic study thus indicates that the Pb2+/La4Ti9O24 interaction strictly obeys the theory of the reactive diffusion. Furthermore, the experimental k values were used to determine the associated activation energy, Ea, for the formation of La2/3TiO3-type phase using the Arrhenius plot and the following least-square equation, ln =-Ea/RT + A, where T is the annealing temperature, R is the universal gas constant, and A is a constant, resulting in Ea ~ 607 ?b 60 kJ/mol.

首先， 以巨观的方式观察PbO与La4Ti9O24陶瓷体介面的反应现象；利用X-ray绕射分析以及扫描式电子显微镜来观察不同的热处理温度以及不同的持温时间所制作的样品，研究结果发现， Pb2+离子会渗入到La4Ti9O24陶瓷内，同时在Pb2+离子所渗入的区域内会产生新的La2/3TiO3-type钙钛矿斜方晶相；藉由量测不同温度与时间之样品，其因Pb2+离子渗入而产生之La2/3TiO3-type相层厚度之关系，符合反应式扩散机制中 x2 = kt 之关系式(其中 x：扩散层厚度； k：反应速率常数； t：反应时间)；进一步将不同实验条件所得到之反应速率常数值代入Arrhenius方程式ln (k =-Ea/RT + A ，其中Ea：活化能； T：绝对温度； R：气体反应常数； A：常数，可以求得Pb2+离子与La4Ti9O24陶瓷发生反应式扩散所需之活化能为607 ± 60 kJ/mol。

The holistic design of the system and resolved the designs of software and hardware based on VXI bus are put forward according to the demand of test system. The hardware and software is designed, including the formation and design of hardware system, visual instrument software architecture, program design for instrument driver, high speed real-time data collection. In the dynamic test program, the idea of"software is instrument"was applied to meet the diverse test demands. Last, it is proposed that the VXI test system be developed to more totalization and networked. The basic theory of system identification was introduced briefly at first. The principle of spectrum analysis system identification based on Wiener-Hopf equation was expatiated. and the questions in applying Peusdo Random signal as spectrum analysis methods stimulate signal was studied, The generation principle of the peusdo random signal is researched, the characteristic of peusdo random are analyzed from time domain and frequency domain, the inverse repeat peusdo random signal is brought forward to make up the shortage of ordinary peusdo random signal. And a new chaos genetic algorithmis presented to solve the unprecise problem of the traditional method. In the servo valve dynamic characteristic test system, the spectrum analysis methods was applied successfully, the servo valve dynamic characteristic could be acquired rapidly and exactly, the test results were analyzed and the ameliorate methods were brought forward at last.

结合航天某集团液压测试中心测试系统的需求，提出了基于VXI总线的液压测试系统的整体设计方案，完成了测试系统的硬件设计与软件设计，包括硬件系统构成与设计、虚拟仪器软件结构、仪器驱动程序设计、高速同步实时数据采集等内容；以伺服阀动态特性测试为例设计了测试模块，该模块体现了VXI总线仪器软件开发所倡导的"虚拟仪器"的思想，以软件的灵活应用满足了不同的测试需求；结合自动测试系统的发展，研究了VXI测试系统与网络技术结合，实现各种软硬件资源共享，进一步提高设备及数据的利用率和系统的扩展性，使自动测试向综合化、网络化方向发展；研究了伪随机信号作为谱分析法辨识的激励信号时存在的问题，讨论了伪随机信号的产生机理，从频域和时域分析了伪随机信号的性质及其应用，提出了用逆重复伪随机信号弥补了普通伪随机信号的不足，并以混沌遗传算法对逆重复伪随机信号产生过程中的参数进行优化，可以更合理而不是凭经验产生需要的逆重复伪随机信号。

In this paper, the optimization model of grain composition is presented first on the background of how to select the reasonable grain composition for producing the unshaped refractory in a factory and to combine the conditions of the factory with the theory of packing in compression and craft requests.

此文首先以不定型耐火材料生产中如何选取合理颗粒级配为背景，把紧密堆积理论与实际生产条件及工艺要求相结合，建立了堆积颗粒系统中颗粒级配的优化模型。

In spite of the fact that the first patent on transient operation of chemical reactor was applied in 1938,the forced unsteady state operation of chemical reactors as an attractive novel technology and its associated profound theory are a new area of study in chemical reaction engineering.

尽管1938年就申请了化学反应器动态操作的第一个专利，但是化学反应器人为非定态操作作为一种具有吸引力的新技术和与之相联系的复杂理论仍然是化学反应工程研究的一个新领域。

During this chapter, I first introduce the situation of the theory about valuation of Internet enterprise, both overseas and inland.

这一章中作者首先介绍了国内外网络价值评估研究的现状，然后从几个方面说明了网络价值评估方法的局限性，据此提出了解决的思路，以供参考。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。